1、课时作业.阅读理解A(2019山师附中模拟 )Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet，or new plans to battle its effects.But the concept itself isnt new at allin fact，scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 y
2、ears.The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824，when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earths temperature.Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid.As light shines through the
3、 glass，the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat.As Fouriers ideas spread，it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect.Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along，did scientists understand how global warming actually works.A
4、fter years of work，Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.Arrhenius found that CO2， and other gases trap radiation，which warms the atmosphere.Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute
5、 to the greenhouse effect.But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet.At a lecture later that year，Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”While Arrhenius findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry，scientists
6、 kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950，when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it.By the end of the 1950s， American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the longterm consequences of climate change.Climate change research has come a long way
7、since Fourier first described the greenhouse effectstill ，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。200 年来科学家们一直在探索气候变化的问题。温室效应这个观点的提出可以追溯到1824 年。瑞典化学家 Arrhenius 是第一位质疑燃烧煤会增加温室效应的人，并且在 1903 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。1What does the underlined word “it” in Paragr
8、aph 2 refer to?AThe atmosphere.BThe greenhouse effect.CThe climate change.DThe heat from the sun.【答案】 A 词义猜测题。根据第二段 Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid：得知科学家 Fourier 得出结论大气层要为保存太阳发向地球的热量负责，
9、把大气层描述成一个带着玻璃盖子的盒子。故选A。2When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?AIn 1903. BIn 1950.C200 years ago. DBy the end of 1950s.【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 By the end of the 1950s， American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the longterm consequences of climate change.得知到 2
10、0 世纪 50 年代美国科学家们才发现全球变暖的危害。故选 D。3Whats the authors attitude towards Arrhenius wish?APositive. BIndifferent. CSupportive. DOpposed.【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 still，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.得知作者对瑞典化学家 Arrhenius 的观点持有反对意见。故选 D。4Whats the main idea of the text?ACauses
11、 of climate change. BEffects of greenhouse gases.CExplorations on climate change. DFindings about global warming.【答案】 C 主旨大意题。根据全文内容得知本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。故选 C。B(2019安阳模拟 )You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature.But，rising sea levels caused by
12、it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century，sea level rose 812 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa，a
13、 Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed
14、dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions，which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreements the US has effectively taken away the fre
15、edom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries，Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising se
16、a levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述的是全球变暖导致海平面上升，让一些海洋中的岛国深受其害。呼吁我们对此采取措施。5The text is mainly about _.Arapid changes in earths temperatureBbad effects of global warmingCmovin
17、g of a country to a new placeDreasons for lowland flooding【答案】 B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离)of an island nation the citizens of Tuvalu will ha
18、ve to leave their homeland.说明全球变暖不仅仅是温度升高；而且海平面的上升更是让很多的岛国都遇见了很大的困难，故 B 项正确。6According to scientists the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is _.Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels【答案】 B 细节题
19、。根据第三段最后 2 行 Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.说明表层海水的温度升高是主要的问题，故 B 正确。7Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not _.Aagree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsBsign an agreement wit
20、h TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the USDbelieve the problems facing Tuvalu were real【答案】 A 细节题。根据第四段前 4 行 Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas e
21、missions(导致温室效应的气体排放)，which are a main cause of global warming.说明他对美国政府不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署京都协议。故 A 正确。8The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is _.AAustralia BNew ZealandCthe Maldives Dthe United States【答案】 C 细节题。根据文章最后一段 Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的 )to risin
22、g sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”说明 Maldives 这个国家和 Tuvalu 遇见了相似的难题。故 C 项正确。.完形填空Imagine you are a girl.You may _1_ know what goes through your head when a _2_ grabs you from behind
23、and _3_ you from a path and into a park，holding a knife to your throat.I do，however，know _4_ it feels like to be that girl.I know the shock and terror that goes through the mind _5_ a man attacks her，hitting her in the face，trying to subdue(制服)her.I know _6_ it happened to me in May，while walking do
24、wn a street in Hunters Hill.The _7_ was after a friends birthday celebration，following a day at university.The park where the attack _8_ was a park where I have walked my dog.It was directly opposite a girls high school.Fortunately I _9_ to the attack by keeping calm.I fought the man _10_ by screami
25、ng and scratching(抓挠 )I can say without a _11_ that the selfdefence course I took in high school eight years ago _12_ me to escape without being hurt.The selfdefence course taught me I had the right to fight back.By _13_ and roleplaying the situation in advance，I had _14_ to refer to.About 100,000 A
26、ustralian women _15_ sexual attack every year.If schools _16_ as much time teaching young women to _17_ themselves as they do teaching resuscitation(使人复苏 )，perhaps these statistics would be _18_.In talking about the attack， I _19_ want to argue in favour of the value of learning selfdefence.These se
27、lfdefence courses are just as _20_ as courses in road safety and resuscitation.【语篇解读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己遭遇暴力胁迫的经历，极力强调学校开设女生自卫课程的意义，大声呼吁学校要对广大女学生进行自卫教育。1A.never BeverCforever Dhowever【答案】 A 与第二段第一句中 I know 及转折词 however 对应，选 A 合适。2A.thief BmanCrobber Dprisoner【答案】 B 由第二段第二句中.a man attacks her.可知选 B。3A.t
28、akes BpushesCdrags Dhits【答案】 C 这里是设想一个犯罪场景，与 grabs，holding a knife to your throat 对应，自然是 drags 合理，意为“用力拖、拽”。hits 不能同 from a path，into a park 搭配，故 D 不可选。4A.when BhowCwhy Dwhat【答案】 D 这里指“我”的确知道作为那个女孩子感觉是什么样的。5A.before BafterCas Duntil【答案】 C 这里是 as 引导时间状语从句。6A.so BbecauseCso that Dbecause of【答案】 B 这里是
29、because 引导原因状语从句。7A.attcak BconflictCfight Devent【答案】 A 上下文都出现了 attack 一词，也是全文的关键词之一。event通常指“重大的事件”，与文章情境不符。8A.took place Btook the placeCtook control Dtook charge【答案】 A 攻击是发生在“我”遛过狗的公园。 B、C、D 分别意为“取代，代替”；“控制”；“负责”，与句意不符。9A.replied BobjectedCpointed Dresponded【答案】 D 面对攻击，“我”的反应是保持冷静。 respond to“对某事
30、作出回应、答复”。10A.off BoutCdown Dback【答案】 A “我”又抓又叫，使他没有得逞。 fight sb.off“击退，阻止”；fight back“还击”，后接宾语要用 fight back against sb./sth.；fight down “抑制住，不流露”；fight out“决出胜负，辩论出结果”，B 、C、D 均不符合文意。11A.consideration BhesitationCdoubt Dtrouble【答案】 C “我”敢肯定地说“我”上高中时所学的自卫课程帮了“我”大忙，使“我”免受伤害。表示“毫无疑问”可以说 without doubt，也可
31、以说without a doubt；consideration“思索”或 hesitation“犹豫”在此处不准确，且其前也不可用不定冠词。12A.taught BhelpedCprotected Dtold【答案】 B 此处.to escape without being hurt.表示结果，与 teach 搭配起来不合逻辑；protect 用于 protect sb.(from)doing sth.结构；told 没有 helped 贴切，故 B 正确。13A.reporting about Btalking aboutCknowing about Dworrying about【答案】
32、B 这里指在课堂上，学生们讨论这一情景，再分角色模拟这一情景。14A.rights BbooksCknowledge Dstrength【答案】 C 这里指通过自卫课程，“我”学到了关于这一方面的知识。15A.hear BwitnessCsolve Dexperience【答案】 D 在澳大利亚，每年大约有 10 万女性会遭受到性侵。只有 D能表示“遭受”这一含义。16A.needed BtookCused Dspent【答案】 D 本题为 spend time doing sth.结构。句意为：如果学校用来教育年轻女孩自卫的时间跟他们来培训(急救)复苏的时间一样多的话。17A.improve
33、 BloveCrespect Ddefend【答案】 D 此处作者讲述的是 selfdefence course，故 D 正确。18A.acceptable BlargeCdifferent Dstable【答案】 C 如果是这样的话，这些数据可能会大不一样。作者的意思是遭受到性侵的妇性会大大减少。A、B、D 与作者的意思相矛盾。19A.particularly BhopefullyCeasily Dgenerally【答案】 A 通过把“我”的这次经历讲出来， “我”特别想表示支持自卫教育有重大价值这一说法。从文章第三段开始，这一直就是作者所强调的问题，故选 A“格外，特别”，以示强调。20
34、A.interesting BperfectCimportant Dnormal【答案】 C 上句谈到 the value of learning selfdefence，上文作者又结合自身经历谈到了自卫课程起到的作用，故此处意为“这些自卫课程的确同公路安全课程和复苏课程一样重要”。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用() 划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错
35、误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。(2018开封市 5 月模拟)Last week，when we learned the new word “slovenly”，we asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl who clothes never fit her.”Hearing this，a whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face
36、turned red.After class， I learned up from the teachr that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadnt been helped with others.My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.Not until then do I realize words could be powerfully in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid hurt others
37、 if our words are not encouraging.【答案】 Last week，when we learned the new word “slovenly”，we asked to make werea sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl chlothes never fit her.”Hearing this， whole class burst into laughter a theand my face turned red.After cl
38、ass，I learned from the teacher that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadnt been helped others.My mindless words must have hurt deeply.Not until then I realize words could be in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid others if our words are not encouraging.书面表达(2016天津卷 )假设
39、你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。(1)回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面)；(2)谈谈收获或感情；(3)表达祝愿与期望。注意：(1)词数不少于 100；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear friends，How time flies！_Thank you.【参考范文】Dear friends，How time flies！I am Li Jin，president of Student Union of
40、 Chenguang Middle School.Its my great privilege to be here，sharing this moment with our fellow friends from the Great Britain.During the twoweek activities，we surely exchanged our ideas on learning，ways of life ，PE and cultures.One of the highlights was the sports meeting where we competed with each
41、 other in the basketball match.The past two weeks witnessed our growth and friendship.It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.After the twoweek exchange activities ，we now have a better understanding of each other on a whole new level.Now I sincerely hope our friendship lasts forever.Wish you all the best!Thank you.