1、Section_ Grammar_复习名词性从句语法图解探究发现What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.Its wellknown that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket.We think it probable that he is dead.The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.They insisted that e
2、veryone (should) come to the party.The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.I have no idea when she will be back.The question remains whether they will be able to help us.The problem is who we can get to replace her.我的发现(1)句为主语从句，句为宾语从句，句为同位语
3、从句，句为表语从句。(2)句中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分， 句中的引导词为连接代词，句中的引导词为连接副词。(3)句中使用了 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。(4)句中的 that 可省略，其他句中的 that 一般不可省略。(5)句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词1that(1)that 只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。John said that he
4、was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。(2)that 在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that 不宜省略。that 引导的主语从句位于句首时，that 不可省略。当动词后带有两个或两个以上 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可以省略，从第二个从句开始 that 不可省略。当 that 宾语从句前有 it 作其形式宾语时， that 不可省略。that 引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that 不能省略。引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that 一般不可省略。The teacher told the students
5、(that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents.老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good.他已痊愈，真令我高兴。2whether/if(1)if，whether 引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与 if 表示 “是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分
6、。(2)whether 和 if 有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用 whether：whether 引导主语从句并放在句首。引导表语从句、同位语从句。whether 从句作介词宾语。从句后有“or not”。后接动词不定式时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test.现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。Everything depends o
7、n whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。即时演练 1 用 that/whether/if 填空 That the college will take in more new students this year is true.Whether he can finish this task on time is of great importance.The students asked the question if/whether the book was worth reading.Let me know whether or not y
8、ou can come.I dont know if/whether he still lives there after so many years.We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.He has made it clear that he will not give in.3疑问词 who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, h
9、ow疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是：(1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义；(2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语；(3)这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。Do you know whom they are looking for?你知道他们在找谁吗？I dont know who did it.我不知道这是谁干的。即时演练 2 选词填空who， whom， whose， what， which， where， why， when， howI have no idea why Mike refused an offer from Yale
10、 University; thats one of his favorite universities.These shoes look very good. I wonder how much they cost.When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.If it is what we need, we will buy it.The problem is who we can get to solve this question.A straw shows which way the wind bl
11、ows.Have you decided whom you are to elect as your assistant?I wonder whose book this is.I dont know where Lu Xun once lived.4whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 引导名词性从句的用法whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中 whatever, whoever 等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever anyth
12、ing that, whoever anyone who。I will just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。即时演练 3 选词填空whatever， whichever， whoever， whomeverIll give the ticket to whoever wants it.I dont let my children do whatever they like.He was free to marry whomev
13、er he chose.Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize.二、it 作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句1that 引导主语从句通常用 it 作形式主语，而将 that 从句置于句末。It it quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很显然，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非离开不可，真是遗憾。2whether/who/what .等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的
14、主语从句置于句末。It it not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做那项工作。It is still unknown which team will win the match.还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。3动词 find, feel, consider, make, believe 等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语 it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好待在这儿。4有些动词如：have, take (认为), put (表达), like,
15、 see to 等形式宾语 itthat 从句。I like it that you came.你来了，我很高兴。I take it (that) he will come on time.我认为他会准时来的。5表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等it when (if) 从句。I like it when people are open and straight.我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。I really appreciate it when she offered to help.如果她能
16、帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone.如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。即时演练 4 单句语法填空 I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.It is doubtful whether he will
17、 come here.单句语法填空1(2017江苏高考)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to D|S20, half of what it used to charge.2(2017天津高考)She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.3(2017北京高考)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite wi
18、ll win a prize in the Kite Festival.4(2017北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.5(2016全国卷)We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them，especially when youre raising children.6(2016北京高考)Your support is important to our
19、 work. Whatever you can do helps.7(2016四川高考)Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.8(2015北京高考)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.9(2015重庆高考)We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.10(2015安徽高考)
20、A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not what ships are built for.完成句子1(2017全国卷书面表达)To start with, what_I_intend_to_stress_is_that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am. next Friday.首先，我想强调的是下周五上午十点钟在教学楼的 8 号教室我们将开始我们的下节课。2(2017北京高考书面表达) I_do_hope_that
21、 my advice will be of some help to you and that youll have a good time in China.我确实希望我的建议能对你有帮助，也希望你在中国玩得快乐。3(2016全国卷书面表达)I have just found that_I_have_to_attend_an_important_class_meeting that afternoon.我刚刚发现那天下午我不得不参加一个重要的班会。4(2015重庆高考满分作文)All the participants can get what_they_want.所有的参与者都可以得到他们想
22、要的东西。5First of all, Id like to know when_the_class_will_start and how many students there will be in a class.首先，我想知道什么时候开始上课，一个班里会有多少学生。6To practice as much as possible is where_the_secret_lies.尽可能多的练习是秘诀所在。7I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and thats why_Im_writing_to_voice_
23、my_opinion.我读了关于你们学校英语报纸的改版，这就是我写信表达我的意见的原因。8In such a case I will insist on whatever_I _think_is_right.在这种情况下，我会坚持我无论我想什么都是正确的。.短文改错I visited my aunt in the countryside near the city last week. I was surprising to see that great changes had been taken place in the countryside. Take my aunts family
24、for example. We supply precious trees and flowers to the stores in the city and have ten workers working for themselves. Their familys income reached as much 100,000 yuan last year. Not only did they have a house, a car and computers, they can also afford a trip abroad every year. When asking what e
25、lse they needed most, they said that they wanted to learn a few English so that they could do business with foreigners directly. To their delighted, my cousin can use that he has learned from university to help them with overseas trade.答案：第二句：surprisingsurprised; 去掉 been第四句：WeThey; themselvesthem第五句：much 后加 as第六句：diddo第七句：askingasked; fewlittle第八句：delighteddelight; thatwhat