1、Section Grammar 表语从句和主语从句语法图解探究发现My feeling is that theyre going to be big one day.But the big surprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen!China is no longer what it used to be.The reason why Im calling you is that I want to invite you to my birthday party.That she has became an artist
2、 may have been due to her fathers influence.What we should do next remains unknown.Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen.Its a good thing that the exams are finished.我的发现(1)以上句中，句中黑体部分均引导表语从句，而 句中黑体部分则引导主语从句。(2)由句可知，主语为名词 reason 时，表语从句中的连接词要用 that，而不用 why。(3)由句知，引导主语从句时，what 要在从句中充当句子成分，而 th
3、at 不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接作用。(4)句中，it 用作 形式主语，代替 that 引导的主语从句。一、表语从句1定义在复合句中作表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。2引导词引 导 词 用 法 例 句that，whether (不能用 if)在从句中不作成分，that 没有实际意义，不可省略；whether意为“是否”The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。The point at issue is whether we go to the party.争论
4、点是我们是否去参加聚会。because说明主语所表示的事件发生的原因，意为“因为”He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much. 他有心脏病。那是因为他抽烟太多。从属连词as if/though从句表示的情况发生的可能性较小时常用虚拟语气It seems as if he doesnt know the answer.他好像不知道答案。连接代词who(ever)，whom(ever)，whose，what(ever)，which(ever)等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等Every year, whoe
5、ver makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017北京高考)每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人将赢得一份奖品。连接副词when，where ， why，how 等在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 我们最后一次开心地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。即时演练 1 用适当的连接词填空My opinion is that we should co
6、mmunicate with parents frequently.The problem is whether we can find them there.This is what I should have done first of all.This is where I dont agree with you.The question is how we can get in touch with him.The problem is who will come to replace her.This is because it is raining outside.3注意事项(1)
7、that 与 what 的区别that 引导表语从句时，是连词，在从句中不作成分；what 是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。That was what she did this morning on her way to school.那就是她今天早晨在去学校的路上做过的事。(2)because 与 why 的区别because 引导表语从句时强调原因，why 引导表语从句时强调结果。She often comes late.Thats because she has a baby to take care of.她经常迟到。那是因为她有一个孩子要照顾。She h
8、as a baby to take care of.Thats why she often comes late.她有一个孩子要照顾。那就是她经常迟到的原因。名师点津 名词 reason 作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用 that 引导，而不用 because。The reason why he was late is that it was raining hard.他来晚了是因为天正下大雨。即时演练 2 用 that/what/because/why 填空(2016北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that o
9、ne can be entirely free from dust.This was what he told me.My belief is that I will succeed by working hard.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.That is why I got wet through.You always make the same mistakes in the exams.I think that is because you are too nervous.(3)虚拟语气用于表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词
10、后的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，should 可以省略。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这件事，而不应该只是把它放在一边。as if/as though 引导的表语从句常用虚拟语气。用一般过去时表示现在，过去进行时表示现在进行，过去完成时表示过去，could/would/might动词原形表示将来。It looks as if he were ten years younger
11、 today.今天他看起来好像年轻了 10 岁。即时演练 3 用所给词的适当形式填空The doctors advice is that we (should) take (take)more exercise.The proposal is that the school (should) enlarge (enlarge) the playground. 二、主语从句(一)主语从句的引导词连接词：that, if, whether；连接代词：what, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever；连接副词：
12、when, where, how, why 等。It is very important whether we can finish that task on time.我们能否按时完成任务很重要。It is certain that the film Wolf Warrior was a success.可以肯定的是电影战狼是一部成功的影片。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.你们当中不论哪个进来都将得到奖品。名师点津 whether/if 在从句中不充当句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否” 。whether 引导的主语从句既可放在句首
13、，也可放在句尾； if 引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面用 it 作形式主语。如果 whether 引导的主语从句用 it 作形式主语，whether 可换成 if。Whether life exists on other planets is not clear.其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。It is doubtful whether/if she would play the role.她是否要演这个角色还很难说。即时演练 4 完成句子Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。That the earth turns around th
14、e sun is known to all.我们都知道地球围着太阳转。What will happen to the world is difficult to predict.世界将发生什么事情是难以预测的。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 Why he gave up the chance of studying abroad is unknown.他为什么放弃了出国学习的机会还不清楚。(二)注意事项1常用 it 作形式主语的句型(1)Itbe形容词(obvious, true, natural, surpris
15、ing, good, wonderful, funny, certain 等)that 从句It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam.你们都通过了这么难的考试，真是太好了。名师点津 在“Itbe形容词that 从句”句型中，如果形容词为 necessary, important, strange, natural 等时，从句谓语动词常用 “(should) 动词原形” 。It is important that we (should) build more hydroelectric power station
16、s.我们建立更多的水力发电站是重要的。(2)Itbe名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)that 从句It is no wonder that she was so upset.难怪她如此心烦意乱。(3)Itbe过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)that 从句Its reported that another earth satellite has been put into orb
17、it.据报道另一地球卫星已被送入轨道。名师点津 在“Itbe过去分词that 从句”句型中，如果过去分词为 suggested, advised, ordered, requested, required 等时，that 从句谓语动词使用“(should)动词原形” 。It is suggested that you (should) attend the opening ceremony.有人建议你出席开幕典礼。(4)It seems/happens 等不及物动词或短语that 从句It seems that they have known our secret.好像他们已经知道了我们的秘密
18、。(5)It doesnt matter (makes no difference, etc.)连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句It makes no difference whether we go by train or by boat.我们坐火车去还是坐船去都无所谓。即时演练 5 句型转换(用 it 作形式主语)That he should know about it is important.It is important that he should know about it.That he has gone to Shanghai is said.It is said that
19、he has gone to Shanghai.That you didnt come to the basketball match yesterday is a pity.It is a pity that you didnt come to the basketball match yesterday. Whether he comes or not doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whether/if he comes or not.2whatever 和 whoeverwhatever 和 whoever 可以引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等
20、。此外，它们还可以引导让步状语从句。Keep calm, whatever happens.不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.(2016北京高考改编)你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么，都会对我们有帮助。即时演练 6 判断下列从句的类型Whoever breaks the law should be punished.主语从句Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.让步状语从句Whatever may happe
21、n, you must keep calm.让步状语从句3主语从句中的主谓一致单个的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式；两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词常用单数形式；但如果 what 引导的从句作主语，代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出) 时，谓语动词常用复数形式。What we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet.他们将于何时出发去伦
22、敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet.会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。What I need are two pens.我所需要的是两支钢笔。即时演练 7 用所给词的适当形式填空What I want to buy are (be) several books.What we cant get seems (seem) better than what we already have.用适当的连接词填空1The reason for your mistake is th
23、at you lack confidence in yourself.2Thats what we should do.3The doubt is who has got away with the document.4He looked as if/as though he was ill.5The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.6That they are not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.7What side effe
24、ct this medicine has is not known to the patient.8It is still unknown if/whether the medicine will be effective to human beings.9It is not clear how he got here without any money.10Tom left immediately.Thats because he only had 10 minutes to get to his next job!.完成句子1Thats why I came here.那就是我要来这里的原
25、因。2Im uncertain whether they will go or not .我不能肯定他们去还是不去。3Which college I want to go to has not been decided.我想上哪一所大学还没有决定下来。4Its a pity that she cant come to the prom she is ill.很遗憾她不能参加毕业舞会她生病了。5Who they will choose to be captain is not known.他们将选谁当队长还不知道。6Where we will spend our holiday has not
26、been decided.我们要去哪儿度假还没有决定。 7Why he failed the biology exam isnt clear.他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。8Who made the longdistance call is not important.谁打的长途电话并不重要。9When they will come hasnt been made public.他们什么时候来还没有公布。10My belief is that I will succeed by working hard.我相信通过努力我会成功的。.短文改错Dear John，I received your
27、 letter just now. Dont worry me. Im getting on well with my research works in the lab. But in my surprise you say you will give up learn English. The reason is because you have not done well in the last exam and you have lost interest. Im afraid I cant agree to you. I know its not easy to learn Engl
28、ish. But English is wide used in the world today and it will be important tool in your future work. Besides, it is becoming more and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, and you will succeed. Do remember that where there is a will, there is a way.Looking forward to hear from you.Yours，Li Hua答案：第二句：worry 后加 about第三句：workswork第四句：into; learnlearning第五句：becausethat第六句：towith第八句：widewidely; be 后加 an第十句：去掉 and第十二句：hearhearing