1、Section Grammar 构词法语法图解探究发现He was named their most valued player five times.Lets have a swim .We will try our best to better our living conditions.The girl in black appears very beautiful.Error!Error!我的发现(1)句中，name 通常为名词，此处用作动词。(2)句中，swim 通常为动词，此处用作名词。(3)句中，better 通常为形容词，此处用作 动词。(4)句中，black 通常为形容词，此
2、处用作名词。(5)中，黑体部分为前缀；中，黑体部分为后缀。前者一般不会改变一个词的词性，后者往往改变一个词的词性。一、词的转化1概念：由一种词类转化为另一种词类，称为词的转化。2常见的词类转化形式：(1)动词名词He wanted to taste the soup and know the taste of it.他想尝尝汤，知道汤的味道。We pump water from a well to water the cabbages every night.我们每天晚上从井里抽水浇白菜。(2)名词动词Will you please give me a hand and hand me the
3、 book?你帮我一下，把那本书递给我好吗？The nurse nursed her husband back to health.这名护士看护她的丈夫，使他恢复了健康。(3)形容词动词To make the sentence correct, you must correct the mistakes in the sentence.为了使句子正确，你必须改正句中的错误。The teacher asked the students to keep quiet and the classroom quieted down immediately.老师要求学生保持安静，教室里立刻静了下来。(4)
4、形容词名词We watched the final game, that is to say, we watched the final.我们看了最后的比赛，也就是说，我们看了决赛。The girl in black appears very beautiful and she likes wearing black clothes.穿黑衣服的那个女孩看上去很漂亮，她喜欢穿黑色的衣服。即时演练 1 写出下列黑体单词的词性和词义(2017浙江高考)As soon as you get the answer you need, move on to the next person.n.答案The
5、hall can seat two thousand people.v.容纳Those who do wrong should be punished.n.坏事Wash and dry your hands before you eat meal.v.擦干(5)其他词类转化情况out adv.往外，向外n.托词；出路south n 南方adv.向南，朝南up adv.在上面n.增长upstairs n 楼上adv.在楼上Come down to us we cant hear you upstairs.下来到我们这儿来，你在楼上我们听不清楚。即时演练 2 完成句子The case has be
6、en emptied for these books.箱子已经被倒空用来装这些书。It will free us of a whole lot of debt.它会使我们摆脱巨额债务。She slowed the car and began driving up a narrow road.她放慢车速，开始驶上一条狭窄的道路。Jeremy wants some peace and quiet before his big match.杰里米希望在大赛来临之前能享受到些许平静和安宁。The companies have a total of 776 employees.这些公司总计有 776 名
7、员工。Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.家长们和孩子们应该多交流以缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能更好地了解彼此。二、词的派生1概念：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的方法叫派生法。2常用前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有：dis， il， im， in， ir， mis， non， un等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear 出现disappear
8、消失correct 正确的incorrect 不正确的lead 带领mislead 引入歧途stop 停下nonstop 不停(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：a(多构成表语形容词), anti( 反对；抵抗), auto(自动),co(共同), en(使), inter(互相), re( 再；又), sub(下面的；次；小), tele(强调距离)等。alone 单独的 antigas 防毒气的 Internet 互联网subway 地铁 telephone 电话 autochart 自动图表enjoy 使高兴 reuse 再使用，重复使用cooperate 合作即时演练 3根据汉语提示，运
9、用所学前缀知识写出正确的单词agreedisagree (不同意)ability inability (无能；无力)understandmisunderstand ( 误解；误会)profitnonprofit (非营利的)social antisocial (反社会的)dependinterdependent (相互依赖的 )setreset ( 调整；重新设置)dangerendanger (使遭危险 )3常用后缀(1)名词后缀常用后缀 例词 意义er, or, ist, ee，ian, ss, antreporter, musician，assistant人(可数)er, or cook
10、er, calculator 器具(可数)ness, y, th, dom difficulty, truth 性质或状态(t)ion, (s)ion, ing, ment, aldiscussion, building，arrival动作、过程或结果hood childhood, womanhood 时代即时演练 4 用所给词的适当形式填空The lady is one of the greatest novelists (novel) alive. The governor (govern) was leaving a meeting with US officials when he w
11、as shot.Its difficult to tell the difference (different) between the two words.She hoped that her son would become a musician (music)The teacher was pleased with her honesty (honest)(2)形容词后缀“名词后缀”构成的形容词：名词ic/ical chemical, electric, electrical, historic, historical, physical名词 al national, natural名词
12、ish foolish, childish, womanish名词ly brotherly, friendly, weekly名词 en golden, wooden, woolen名词ern eastern, northern名词y rainy, cloudy, dusty, funny名词ous dangerous, famous名词less endless, homeless, hopeless“动词后缀”构成的形容词：动词ed excited, tired, interested动词ing surprising, interesting, astonishing动词able comfo
13、rtable, enjoyable, acceptable动词 ive/fic/ory active, terrific, preparatory即时演练 5 写出下列单词的形容词形式naturenatural foolfoolishgoldgolden carecarefulexciteexcited/exciting enjoyenjoyable(3)动词后缀后缀 en (使成为、变得), fy (使得、变成 ), is(z)e(成为、使)例词widewiden 加宽， beautybeautify 美化， realrealize 意识到， organ organize 组织(4)副词后缀
14、常用后缀 例词 意义ly happily, suddenly, strangely 以方式ward(s) backward(s), forward(s)，afterward(s), eastward(s)表示方式或动作的方向有的形容词的副词有两种形式，一种和形容词同形，一种加后缀构成副词。原形副词表示具体的含义，而加后缀ly 组成的副词表示抽象的含义。例如：The tunnel led deep under the mountains.这条隧道在群山深处穿过。Her lies hurt my father deeply.她的谎言深深地伤害了我父亲。即时演练 6 完成句子He came up w
15、ith a program to beautify the nations highways.他提出了一个美化国内公路的计划。The city is widening the street.该城市正在拓宽这条街。Well organize an oral English contest.我们将筹划一次英语口语比赛。He drove directly to school.他开车直接去学校。.用所给词的适当形式填空1Man is short of natural (nature) resources now.They really require to be protected.2Be reaso
16、nable (reason) you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time.3Oh, the roast chicken really tastes delicious! I have never eaten such tasty (taste) dish.4Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy (health), wealthy (wealth) and wise.5She was even more beautiful (beauty) than I
17、had expected.6You will make mistakes (mistake) if you do things in a hurry.7The murderer is dangerous (danger) with a gun on him.8The homeless boy experienced endless (end) hardships and difficulties during his growth.9Today, fresh fruit from these trees is shipped (ship) from one country to another
18、.10He fooled (fool) a lot of people into believing that he was an honest statesman.完成句子1(2017全国卷书面表达)Im delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems.我很高兴得知你对唐诗感兴趣。2(2017全国卷书面表达)Papercutting is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years.剪纸是中国的一种传统艺术形式，已有 1 500
19、 多年的历史了。3(2016全国卷书面表达)Moreover, by doing the parttime job I can get some precious experience so that I can better adapt to the development and changes of society.此外，通过做兼职我能得到一些宝贵的经验，以便我能更好地适应社会的发展和变化。4(2015陕西高考书面表达)Firstly, because my spoken English is fluent, I think I am very suitable for this job
20、.首先，因为我的英语口语很流利，我认为我非常适合这份工作。5But what I want you to realize is that everybody may have such an unpleasant period.但我想让你认识到的是，每个人都可能有这样一个不愉快的时期。6He emptied the contents of the envelope onto the table.他把信封里的东西全都倒在桌子上。7She seated herself at her desk.她坐在自己的书桌旁。.短文改错Dear Xiao Wang，I have received and rea
21、d your letter, which you mentioned that you wanted to lose weight by dieting. It is only natural that young girls at your age hope to look beautiful. But, in my opinion, health is more important than beautiful. For the student, studying is the first thing to consider while appearance is the second.
22、So do not let others opinions to affect your normal life. However, if you do want to lose weight, that is an good idea to do it by getting more exercise and changing unhealthy eating habits. The most important thing is you keep a healthy state of mind, as it will help with your studies, and will also help you overcome difficulties on dieting.I hope my advice will be helpful to you and Im look forward to your next letter.Yours，Li Hua答案：第一句：which 前加 in第三句：But However; beautifulbeauty第四句：第一个 thea第五句：去掉 to第六句：that it; ana第七句：is 后加 that; onin第八句：looklooking