1、One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (551 BC 479 BC). He sometimes went by the name of Kong Zi though he was born Kong Qiu, styled (命名，称呼 ) Zhong Ni. He was born in Zouyi (Qufu today) in the state of Lu.Confuciuss father died three years after Confuci
2、us was born, leaving the family in poverty, but Confucius nevertheless (然而 ) received a fine education. He got married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he got a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked f
3、or the governor of his district.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about the world, nature, and human behaviour. He also helped the government and the ruler by teaching them lessons on how the ruler should rule his kingdom successfu
4、lly.It is commonly known that ancient China had a great effect on the world. And many great people and great inventions of ancient China still influence the world today.Section_ Introduction 反义词为 disbelief。love/lv/n.仁爱 23 look after 照顾；照料 24 第 3 段译文墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前 476 年，出身贫寒。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而闻名。墨子创
5、立了被称为“墨家学说”的哲学理论。他的学说在某些方面和孔子的学说相似。例如，他认为政府是最重要的。因此，他花了许多年的时间试图寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，众生平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子的仁爱思想不同。墨子告诫人们要兼爱，要照顾弱者。他憎恨那种战争的观点。墨子于公元前 390 年去世。Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.1equal An.职位2importance Bn.善良3philosophy Cadj.有影响的4kindness Dn.秩序5order Eadj.平等的6principle
6、 Fn.原则；准则7position Gn.哲学8stress Hvt.强调9resign Ivi.辞职10influential Jn.重要；重要性15_ 610_答案：15 EJGBD 610 FAHICLeadinThe following are some beliefs of some great ancient philosophers and match them with their Chinese meanings.1Man is born good._C_2All human beings are equal._ F_3The family is important. We
7、 are members of a group._B_4Treat others in the way you want to be treated._D_5People are more important than rulers._A_6We should love all human beings._E_A民贵君轻 B家天下C人性本善 D己所不欲，勿施于人E兼爱 F众生平等Whilereading Fastreading1Find the topic sentence of each paragraph. (1)Para.1 AMozi founded the philosophy ca
8、lled Mohism.(2)Para.2 BConfucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.(3)Para.3 CMencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.(1)(3)_答案：(1)(3) BCA2Whats the main idea of the text?ATeachings of ancient Chinese thinkers.BThree great philosophers of
9、ancient China.CInteresting stories about the three philosophers.DThe history of ancient Chinese philosophy.答案：BCarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1Who had the greatest influence on Chinese society?AMencius. BMozi.CConfucius. DZhuangzi. 2Confucius stressed the importan
10、ce of the following aspects EXCEPT_.Akindness Bfriendship Corder Dduty3Which statement is NOT true about Mozi?AHe was known for his unusual clothes and behavior.BHe hated the idea of war.CAll his beliefs were the same as those of Confucius.DHe believed all men were equal.4“If the government was kind
11、, then people would be good.” is the teaching of _.AMencius BConfuciusCMozi DXunzi 5Menciuss teachings were very similar to those of _.AConfucius BXunziCZhuangzi DMozi 6Which shows Mozis belief was similar to that of Confucius?AWe should love all human beings.BThe government shouldnt treat people ba
12、dly.CWe should look after those who are weaker than ourselves.DThe government is most important.答案：16 CBCAADStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.句式分析尝试翻译 孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。2He b
13、elieved that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.句式分析 本句是并列句。and 连接 believed 和 hated 两个谓语，前一分句是 that 引导的宾语从句，后一分句含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。尝试翻译 他认为民贵君轻，憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。.阅读理解AKong Zi, also called Confucius (551479 BC.), and Socrates (469399 BC.) lived only a h
14、undred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace
15、, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek citystates were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers
16、 how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as
17、 a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential (潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that th
18、e greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concer
19、n. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.语篇解读：本文主要是阐述孔子与苏格拉底两位伟大哲学家的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。1Which of the following is TRUE ac
20、cording to the first paragraph?ASocrates and Confucius had much in common.BConfucius had much influence on Socrates ideas.CThe societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas.DThere were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的 “. and how these ideas in turn, shaped t
21、heir societies”可知 C 项正确。2Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that_.Aall men were equal when they were bornBthe lower classes should be ruled by the upper classCthe purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomDpeople should not do to others what they did not want others to do to them解析：选 B 细节理解题
22、。根据第三段最后一句 “Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.”可以判断。3What made some people different from others according to Confucius?AFamily. BPotential.CKnowledge. DCommunity.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “. and that it was knowledge that set men apart”可以判断。4This
23、passage is organized in the pattern of _.Atime and eventsBcomparison and contrastCcause and effectDdefinition and classification解析：选 B 篇章结构题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故 B 项正确。BScience, as we think, was born when the Greek philosopher Thales (about 640546 BC.) asked a
24、difficult question: What makes up our universe?No one had a ready answer, so Thales went on studying the earth around him, the sky and the stars. He saw so much water on earth and so much water falling from the sky as rain that he decided water must be the basic substance (物质) of the universe.Other
25、Greek thinkers became interested in this question. They suggested other answers. One said that because air lies around the earth, it must be air that makes up all things. Another said that fire, appearing in different forms, was the building block of the universe.The Greek philosophers were feeling
26、their way towards the ideas on which chemistry is based. Centuries later, scientists proved that the universe is made up of certain basic substances. But the list is much more complicated than the Greeks realized. We now know of 103 basic substances which we call “elements (元素)”语篇解读：本文讲述了希腊的哲学家在很早的时
27、候就对宇宙的组成物质有所研究。他们通过研究发现因为水、火和空气始终伴随着宇宙，认为它们是宇宙的基本组成物质。在后来人的研究中确实发现希腊的哲学家所说的宇宙是由基本物质组成的观点是对的，只不过不是三种而是 103 种基本物质组成的。5Thales, the famous Greek philosopher, died when he was about_.A94 years old B106 years oldC40 years old D46 years old解析：选 A 数字计算题。根据 “Thales (about 640546 BC.)”两数相减得知选A。6The meaning of
28、 the underlined word “complicated” in the last paragraph is “_”Anot difficult Bnot simpleCnot famous Dnot different解析：选 B 词义猜测题。根据 “We now know of 103 basic substances which we call elements (元素)”我们现在知道宇宙是由 103 种基本物质组成，所以清单上列出的肯定比希腊哲学家发现的复杂得多，故选 B。7From the passage we know that _.AThales asked many
29、questionsBGreeks were all philosophersCscience began long agoDwater and air make up all things解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据希腊哲学家关于宇宙的研究可知，科学出现的很早，故选 C8After reading the passage, we can be sure that_.Anothing ever changes in the universeBThales decided that the basic substance of the universe was airCthe universe
30、is made up of four different substancesDthe early Greek thinkers did much valuable work for the progress of science解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “The Greek philosophers . made up of certain basic substances.”后来的人根据希腊哲学家的研究继续从事研究发现宇宙确实是由一些基本物质构成的，故选 D。C“This isnt Disneyland, Im not a novelty, this is as real
31、as it gets，” sing The Sisters of Invention.The young women Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline are a pop group with a difference. All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir (合唱
32、队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists. Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group. Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy (脑瘫) and a mild learning disability. She says
33、, “We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage. For the invention part, we are trying to change peoples view of people with disabilities. We are reinventing the rules.”All their songs are based on the members own experiences and
34、were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti. “We would arrive in the morning and Id say, What do you want to talk about today？ ” says their manager and producer Michael Ross. He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape. Ross says that putting “their truth” out
35、 there is important. He says, “What Im interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see. It is creative gold.”When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says, “Theyre not up there to show t
36、heir barriers or difficulties. Theyre up there to show their strengths.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。9What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?AAll its members are disabled.BIt was founded all by five girls.CIt has existed for less than ten years.DThey perform not in order
37、to make money.解析：选 A 细节理解题。由第二段 “All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。10The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because _.Athey all have great talentBthey help each other like sistersCthey have the same experiencesDthey are good at invent
38、ing things解析：选 B 细节理解题。由第四段 “.because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。11How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?ABy talking with the girls.BBy asking the girls questions.CBy learning about pop culture.DBy using h
39、is personal experiences.解析：选 A 细节理解题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。12How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?AThey will feel bored.BThey will be inspired.CThey will feel disappointed.DThey will have pity on them.解析：选 B 推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们
40、意在向人们展现自己的力量。.阅读七选五For most teens, bedtime is just a childhood memory. Keep in mind the risks that come along with a lack (缺乏) of shuteye; dont wait to reintroduce a bedtime, and be sure to pass along these five ways to get a better sleep.Dont stay up late to study.Teens are often found staying up l
41、ate to study. Studies show sleep helps you understand and remember information. _1_ If you think you badly need to study more, get up early and study in the morning instead._2_Sleeping with your smartphone nearby results in 21 minutes less sleep each night. If your phone is easy to reach, youll prob
42、ably end up using it when you should be dreaming.Turn your phone on airplane mode (飞行模式) Even if your phone is out of reach, you may want to get up and check it when you hear it. Turn your phone on airplane mode._3_Create a bedtime routine (常规)_4_Having a bedtime routine will cause your body to prep
43、are for sleep around that time each night. Set a time you think is proper and stick to it. Use your desk for working and your bed for sleeping.Getting into bed to do homework, read, or check your phone may make you feel good._5_ABedtimes arent just for babies.BDont sleep right by your phone.CBesides
44、, sleeping by your phone may be harmful to your health.DBut getting into bed should be a sign for sleep, not other activities.EYour texts wont come until you turn airplane mode off in the morning.FThats why teens often get poor grades when they cannot get enough sleep.GAfter all, your bed is likely one of the most comfortable spaces in your home.答案：15 FBEAD