1、Period 3 知识讲练课学习目标1.Grasp the usage of such important words and expressions as greet,represent,association,curiously,approach,defence,major,likely,in general,at ease,lose face,turn ones back to,etc.2.Master the following patterns:(1)The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely fo
2、llowed by Julia Smith from Britain.(2) Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.学习过程Step 1 Fill in the blanks according to what you have learned.Yesterday,another student and I,(1) our universitys student associa
3、tion,went to meet this years international students.After half an hour of waiting,I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around (2) .I went forward to (3) them.After being introduced,they greeted each other in different ways,causing some (4) and cultural mistakes. As I get to know
4、 more international friends,I learn more about this cultural (5)“ ”.Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.In the same way that people (6) with spoken language,they also express their feelings through physical
5、distance,actions or (7) . These actions are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I have seen,however,that cultural customs for body language are very generalnot all members of a culture (8) in the same way.(9) ,though,studying international customs can certainly help (10) difficulties in tod
6、ays world of cultural crossroads. Step 2 Words and expressions1.There are many different ways to greet someone using words.有许多利用语言和别人打招呼的方式。【观察思考】(1)Jim came across the room to greet his friends.吉姆穿过房间来迎接他的朋友们。(2)He greeted me in the street with a friendly wave of the hand.他在街上向我亲切地挥手致意。(3)They exch
7、anged greetings and sat down to lunch.他们互相致意后便坐下吃午饭。greet vi.问候greet sb with sth 用欢迎/致意/ 问候某人greet sth with sth 对某事作出某种反应greetings n.问候exchange greetings 互致问候【尝试运用】(1)His speech was (欢呼)by loud cheers. (2)她以笑容迎接我。(汉译英 )(3)We exchange (问候)and gifts. 2.Yesterday,another student and I,representing our
8、universitys student association.昨天,我和另一个学生代表我们学校的学生会【观察思考 1】(1)This painting represents a storm.这幅画描绘了一场暴风雨。(2)You must represent the danger to them.你必须告诉他们危险的所在。(3)We chose a committee to represent us.我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。(4)We appointed her as our representative.我们指派她作为我们的代表。represent vt.表现;描写; 描绘;代表; 声
9、称represent.as 把描绘成represent sth to sb 向某人陈述某事represent oneself as/to be 自称是representative adj.有代表性的 n.代表; 代理人representation n.表现;代表;代理【尝试运用】(1)He (声称)himself as a philosopher. (2)The firm needs more (代理)in China. (3)This mark (代表)a village. 【观察思考 2】(1)Many associations are breaking up for lack of mo
10、ney.许多社团因缺乏资金而纷纷解散。(2)I benefited much from my association with him.和他的交往让我受益匪浅。(3)He associated politics with wars.他把政治跟战争联系在一起。association n.社团;联系; 联想in association with 与联合associate vt.将联系起来;在头脑中联想associate.with.把和 联系起来associate with sb 与某人常打交道【尝试运用】(4)We ( 一想起中国,就联想到了长城). (5)Dont (与打交道)dishonest
11、 boys. 3.I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.我看到几个年轻人进入候机室并且好奇地四处张望。【观察思考】(1)I am curious to know where she found the money.我想知道她是在哪儿找到的钱。(2)They were curious about the people living upstairs.他们对住在楼上的人感到好奇。(3)Out of curiosity,he pulled down the handle of the fi
12、re alarm.出于好奇,他把火警警报器的手把拉了下来。curious adj.好奇的;求知欲强的be curious to do sth 好奇做某事be curious about 对好奇curiously adv.好奇地;感兴趣地curiosity n.好奇心 ;求知欲out of curiosity 出于好奇【尝试运用】(1)She was what had happened. 她很想知道发生了什么。(2)I was how she would react. 我对她会怎样反应感到好奇。(3)He gave in to and opened my letter. 他抵不住好奇心,拆开了我
13、的信。(4)I see his eyes stare at me. 我看到他的眼睛好奇地盯着我。4.Tony approached Julia,touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!托尼走近朱莉娅, 摸了摸她的肩,亲了亲她的脸 !【观察思考】(1)The day of his wedding approached.他结婚的日子临近了。(2)We approached the museum.我们走近博物馆。(3)His work is approaching perfection.他的工作近乎完美。(4)Did he approach
14、you about lending him some money?他有没有向你接洽有关借钱给他的事?(5)Our approach frightened the birds away.我们一靠近,鸟全都惊飞了。(6)We have found a new approach to the study of English.我们发现了学英语的新方法。approach vi.接近; 着手处理approach sb about sth 接洽;要求approach n.靠近approach n.方法,步骤(后常跟介词 to)【词汇辨析】approach,manner,way,method 与 means
15、approach 表示具体的做事的方法或手段,只和介词 to 搭配。manner“方式,样子 ,态度”, 和介词 in 连用,如指“礼貌”,形式为复数,即 manners。way“方式,方法”, 和介词 in 连用。method“方法,办法”,多指某种具体的方法,只和介词 with 连用。means“方法,手段”, 和介词 by 连用。注意 means 的单数和复数形式相同。【尝试运用】(1)Im going to (接洽)the bank about a loan. (2)The ( 临近 )of winter brings cold weather. (3)What is the best
16、 way ( 处理)this problem? 5.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in defence.她后退几步,显得很吃惊,并举起手来,好像在做防卫一样。【观察思考】(1)She had to defend herself against the guard dog.她不得不防备看门狗咬她。(2)The union said that they would take action to defend their members jobs.工会说他们将采取行动维护会员的工作权益。(3)A thi
17、ck overcoat is a good defence against cold.一件厚大衣足以御寒。(4)They took up arms in defence of their country.他们拿起武器保卫祖国。defend vt.保卫,保护 ;捍卫,( 为被告)辩护defend.against/from.保卫以免受defend oneself 自我防卫;为自己辩解defence n.防御;保卫,保护in defence 防御,防卫in defence of 为了保卫【尝试运用】(1)He left home to join the army to (保卫)his motherl
18、and. (2)The accused man had a lawyer to defend him.(英译汉)(3)Would you be able to (自卫)if someone attacked you in the street? 6.I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.我猜想这其中可能有个大的误会。【观察思考】(1)The major part of the job is done by machine.这种工作主要由机器来做。(2)Whats your major at university?你
19、大学时的专业是什么?(3)The majority were on Bens side.大多数人都站在本这一边。major adj.主要的major n.C专业;主修科目major vi.主修major in 主修majority n.大多数【尝试运用】(1)汤姆在改进教学方面起了主要作用。( 汉译英)(2)He (主修)English at university. 7.However,people from places like Spain,Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more like
20、ly to touch them.不过, 来自西班牙、意大利和南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方,而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。【观察思考】(1)She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。(2)He is likely to get hurt because he always trusts people easily.他很容易受伤,因为他很轻易就相信别人。(3)Its likely that he will succeed.=He is likely to succeed.他很有可能成功。likely adj.可能的 ;
21、有希望的be likely to do 很可能;有希望It is likely that.很可能【词汇辨析】likely,possible 与 probablelikely 是常用词,指表面上看很可能。主语既可以是人也可以是物。可以说 sb/sth be likely to do 或 Its likely that.,但是不能说 It is likely for sb to do。possible 强调客观上的可能,但含有实际上可能性很小的意思。主语不能是人,只能用 it作为形式主语。构成 It is possible for sb to do sth 或 It is possible tha
22、t.结构。probable 主要强调有根有据、合情合理的推测,含有“很可能 ,十有八九”的意思。构成 It is probable that.结构。【尝试运用】(1)It (很可能 )that he will not consent. (2)这趟火车很可能晚点。(汉译英 )(3)She is not to come next month. A.like B.properly C.possibly D.likely8. In general,though,studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in
23、 todays world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说,在当今文化交融的世界, 学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难。【观察思考】In general,your idea is not bad.大体上来说,你的想法还不错。in general 总的来说;通常generally speaking 大体上说as a whole 整个来说(总体上)on the whole 总的来说【尝试运用】(1)I like games (总的来说),especially football. (2) ,his work has been good,but this es
24、say is dreadful. A.In case B.Above all C.On purpose D.In general9.The most universal facial expression is,of course,the smile its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.微笑当然是最普遍通用的面部表情,它的作用是表示快乐和安人心境。【观察思考】(1)At first we didnt feel at ease before him.开始时,我们在他面前感到有些拘束。(2)He handed her a
25、 cup of coffee to put her at ease.他递给她一杯咖啡,让她放松下来。(3)She led a life of ease.她过着舒适安逸的日子。(4)Talking eased his anxiety.那番话打消了他的顾虑。at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在ease n.安逸;舒适ease vt.减轻( 痛苦、忧虑)ease sb of sth 消除某人的痛苦等at comfort 舒适地feel at ease 感到自在put/set sb at ease 使某人感到舒适、放松be/feel ill at ease 感到不舒服【尝试运用】(1)He felt
26、(轻松自在)and confident about the future. (2)这种药减轻了她的痛苦。( 汉译英)(3)Set your mind at ease.(英译汉)10.There are unhappy smiles,such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.有一些微笑表示的并非高兴,比如说当有人“丢了面子”而用微笑来掩饰。【观察思考】(1)Hell lose face if he does not keep his promise.如果他不遵守诺言,他就会感到羞愧。(2)Though shed lost he
27、r job,she saved face by saying shed left it willingly.她失去了工作,却说是自愿离职以保全面子。(3)His ambition was to meet his favorite pop star face to face.他的愿望是面对面地见见他心目中的流行歌星。(4)We are powerless in the face of such forces.面对这样强大的力量,我们无能为力。lose face 丢脸save ones face 保全面子be faced with 面对着make a face/faces 做鬼脸face to f
28、ace 面对面地in the face of sth 面对某事物look sb in the face 直视某人【尝试运用】(1)The embarrassing situation caused me to (丢面子). (2)Jeff (会丢面子)if his friend fails to work hard. (3) (面对)with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. 11.In most places around the world,frowning and turning ones back to so
29、meone shows anger.在世界上很多地方 ,皱眉或者背对某人表示愤怒。【观察思考】(1)He turned his back to me,and I knew he must be annoyed by my words.他背过身去不理我,我知道他肯定是被我的话惹恼了。(2)You cant turn your back to him when he is in trouble.当他遇到麻烦时,你不能背弃他。(3)Lucy and Lily sit back to back.露西和莉莉背靠背坐着。turn ones back to 背对; 背弃back to back 背靠背tur
30、n up 出现,到场;开大turn down 拒绝;开小一点turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn to sb for help 向求助turn out 证明是,结果是【尝试运用】(1)He (背对)the audience. (2)While the teacher (背对)his students,a boy was making a face. (3)I wont ever forgive my elder brotherhe (背弃)to me and refused to lend me money when I lost my job. Step 3 Sentences
31、 we are going to learn1.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼 加西亚, 随后紧跟着的是来自英国的朱莉娅 史密斯。【观察思考】(1)He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。(2)He is always the first person to come and the last to leave.他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
32、当中心词是序数词或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,常用不定式作后置定语。【尝试运用】(1)Liu Yang is the first woman in China . 刘洋是中国第一位在太空遨游的女士。(2)The last one pays for the meal. Agreed!最后一个到的请客。同意!2.Not all cultures greet each other the same way,nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方
33、式不尽相同,身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。【观察思考】(1)Not all answers are correct.=All answers are not correct.不是所有的答案都是正确的。(2)Not every student has passed the exam.=Every student has not passed the exam.并不是每一个学生都通过了考试。(3)I never saw him again,nor did I hear from him.我再也没有见到他,也没有收到他的信。(1)not all.=all.not.并不是所有的都(部分否定)n
34、ot every.=every.not.并不是每一个都 (部分否定)not both.=both.not.并非两者都( 部分否定)none of 都不( 全部否定)neither of.两者都不(全部否定)(2)本句中 nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people 是不完全倒装句。否定意义的词或短语放在句首通常用不完全倒装句,即把助动词提到主语前面。【尝试运用】(1) (并不是所有的 )the new companies can succeed. (2)I dont like
35、all the books.(英译汉)(3)不是每个人都喜欢这本书。( 汉译英)(4)Hardly believe the news. 我几乎不能相信这个消息。Step 4 Homework1.Go over the words and expressions as well as sentence structures we have learned today.2.完成句子。(1)He is the first person every morning. 每天早上,他是第一个到达教室的人。(2)The teacher came out of the classroom, a group o
36、f students. 老师走出教室,后面跟着一群学生。(3)Seldom in all my life such a determined person. 我一生中很少遇到这样意志坚定的人。(4)This is the way I do such thing. 这是我做这件事的方式。(5) in the factory work hard. 并不是工厂里所有的工人都努力工作。参考答案Step 1(1)representing (2)curiously (3)greet (4)misunderstandings (5)body language (6)communicate (7)postur
37、e (8)behave (9)In general (10)avoidStep 21.【尝试运用】(1)greeted (2)She greeted me with a smile. (3)greetings2.【尝试运用】(1)represented (2)representation (3)represents (4)associate China with the Great Wall (5)associate with3.【尝试运用】(1)curious to know (2)curious about (3)curiosity (4)curiously4.【尝试运用】(1)appro
38、ach (2)approach (3)to approach5.【尝试运用】(1)defend (2)被告有一律师为他辩护。 (3)defend yourself6.【尝试运用】(1)Tom played a major part in the improvement of teaching. (2)majored in7.【尝试运用】(1)is very likely (2)The train is likely to be late. (3)D 8.【尝试运用】(1)in general (2)D 9.【尝试运用】(1)at ease (2)The medicine eased her o
39、f the pain. (3)请放心。10.【尝试运用】(1)lose face (2)will lose face (3)Faced11.【尝试运用】(1)turned his back to (2)turned his back to (3)turned his backStep 31.【尝试运用】(1)to wander in space (2)to arrive2.【尝试运用】(1)Not all (2)我并不是哪一本书都喜欢。 (3)Not everyone likes this book. (4)could IStep 42.(1)to arrive at the classroom (2)followed by (3)have I met (4)in which/that/不填 (5)Not all the workers