1、Period Two Warming Up & ReadingLanguage points.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共 15 小题；每题 1 分，满分 15 分)1renewable adj.能再生的；可更新的2graph n图表；坐标图；曲线图3random adj.胡乱的；任意的4fossil n化石；从地下采掘出来的矿物5byproduct n 副产品6tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt.照顾；护理7measurement n衡量；测量；尺寸8data n资料；数据9catastrophe n大灾难；浩劫10drought n旱灾；干旱11famine n饥荒12mild adj.
2、温和的；温柔的；淡的13environmental adj.环境的14range n种类；范围15glance vi.看一下；扫视；n.一瞥.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共 10 小题；每题 3 分，满分 30 分)16consume v t.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumer n消费者17phenomenon n现象phenomena (pl .)18subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅；vt .签署( 文件)；捐助19quantity n量；数量quality n质量20trend n趋势；倾向；走向21flood n洪水；水灾22oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人) 较量
3、opposed adj .反对的；对立的23consequence n结果；后果；影响consequent adj .作为结果的；随之发生的24state vt.陈述；说明 statement n声明；阐述25steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily adv.平稳地；持续地.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每题 2 分，满分 20 分)26与相比 compare.to/with27发生；造成 come about28同意；赞成；订购 subscribe to29大量的 quantities of30上升；增长；升起 go up31make accurate
4、 measurements of 对做精确的测量32导致 result in33反对be opposed to.34即使 even if/though35继续 keep on.完成句子(共 5 小题；每题 7 分，满分 35 分)36There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球
5、正变得更加暖和(见图表 1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。37It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。38They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dio
6、xide.他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。39On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。40Even if we start reducing the amount of
7、 carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来) 几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。重点词汇So how has this come about and does it matter?那么，这种温度的增长是怎样发生的呢？会造成什么影响呢？?come about 发生；造成come out 出版；结果是；出来；开花come up 发芽；开始；走近；被提出come up w
8、ith 想出(1)The argument came about when they talked about how snakes produce poison.他们在讨论蛇是怎样产生毒液时产生了争论。(2)How did it come about that he failed in the exam?他怎么会考试不及格呢？(3)It is said that his new book will come out next week.据说，他的新书将在下周出版。(4)The man came up to me and asked me to help him.这个人走到我跟前，向我求助。单
9、句改错(5)The young man came up a good idea at the meeting yesterday. withThe problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。?quantity n量；数量a quantity of/quantities of 大量的in quantity/in large quantities 大量地注意 a quantity of/quantities of
10、 后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词。“a quantity of名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。(1)The factory needs a large quantity of workers.这个工厂需要很多工人。(2)It is cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.大量购物比较便宜。(3)A large quantity of money has been spent(spend) on the project so far.目前，这个工程已
11、经花费了大量资金。(4)Large quantities of good soil were washed(wash) away by the heavy rain.大雨冲走了大量沃土。It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。?tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾；vt .照顾；护理tend (to)照料，护理tend to do sth.易于做某事；倾向于做某事t
12、endency n倾向；趋势have a tendency to do sth.喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事(1)Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are.(2018全国)现在很多人在对传统不甚了解的情况下，还往往对传统夸夸其谈。(2)She is tending (to) her sick mother at home.她正在家里照顾生病的母亲。(3)She tends to get(get) angry when you disagree with her.你不同意她的意见时，她
13、往往会生气。(4)The woman has a strong natural tendency(tend) to be cautious.这个女人天生小心谨慎。They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他们还赞同这种观点：正是由于越来越多的化石燃料的燃烧导致了二氧化碳的增加。?result in 产生，导致 (cause/lead to)result from 由于；由造成as a resul
14、t 结果，因此as a result of 作为 的结果；因为(1)His carelessness resulted in the accident.The accident resulted from his carelessness.他的粗心导致了这次事故。(2)As a result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.(2017全国) 结果，人们会吃更多的食物来补上缺失的东西。单句改错(3)He was often late for work.As a result of，he
15、lost his job.On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。?be opposed to 反对opposed adj.相反的；对立的oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人) 较量oppose (doin
16、g) sth./sb.doing sth.反对(做) 某事/ 反对某人做某事(1)Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.很多农民反对这个计划，因为他们害怕狼会杀死他们农场的动物或宠物。(2017 全国)(2)The husband strongly opposed his wife going(go) there alone.这位丈夫强烈反对妻子独自去那里。单句改错(3)She is strongly opposed their pl
17、an.againsttoThey predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他们预言说，变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。?consequence n结果；后果；影响as a consequencein consequence 结果；因此as a consequence ofin consequence of 由于的缘故consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因此；结果(1)It rained yesterday.As
18、 a consequence，the match was cancelled.昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消了。(2)The warming of the earth and the consequent climatic changes affect us all.地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。(3)My car broke down and consequently(consequent) I was late.我的汽车抛锚了，结果，我迟到了。单句改错(4)The ceremony has been put off as a consequence the bad weath
19、er. ofIn fact，Hambley states， “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.It will make plants grow quicker；crops will produce more；it will encourage a greater range of animalsall of which will make life for human beings better.”实际上，汉布利说道：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事。它使植物生长得更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物的生长所有这些都能改善人类的生
20、活。 ”?state vt.陈述；说明；声明；n.状况，情况；国家?range n种类；范围；v.排列；(在一定范围内) 变化，变动It is stated that.据说statement n声明；陈述make a statement 作出陈述；发表声明a range of 一系列out of ones range 超出某人的范围range from A to B 从 A 到 B 变动(1)It is stated that we use only 10 percent of our brain.据说，我们只运用了大脑的 10%。(2)The man refused to make a st
21、atement(state)，which made the reporters disappointed.这个人拒绝发表声明，使得记者们都很失望。(3)The team will hold a range of activities，including some training and matches.(2017全国)球队将举行各种活动，包括一些训练和比赛。(4)The national park has a large collection of wildlife， ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.(2017北京) 国家公园有许多的
22、野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.快速浏览杂志文章并回答下列问题。?glance vi.匆匆一看；扫视； n.一瞥glance at 浏览，扫一眼take/give/have a glance at.粗略地看一下at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下at a single glance 只 看一眼；一眼；立刻(1)He took/gave/had a glance at the newspaper headlines.他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的标题。(2)At fir
23、st glance the problem seemed easy.乍一看问题似乎很简单。(3)He could tell at a (single) glance what was wrong.他一眼就看出了问题所在。易混辨析 glance，glare，stareglance 一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂。glare 怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度。stare 盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味，也可指吃惊、害怕或深思地盯着看、凝视。选词填空 glance，glare，stare(4)They stopped arguing and glared at each other.(5)The manag
24、er glanced at the document and signed down his name.(6)Dont stare at a foreigner for a long time！Its rude!经典句式There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和
25、(见图表 1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。There is no doubt 意为“毫无疑问” ，后接 that 从句或“about名词”结构。There is doubt 意为“值得怀疑” ，后接 whether 引导的从句或“about名词”结构。doubt v&n.意为“怀疑；疑问” 。作动词时，用法如下：在否定句或疑问句中，doubt 后接 that 引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt 后面一般接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句。作名词时，用法如下：用于否定句或疑问句时，一般接 that 引导的同位语从句；用于肯定句时，一般接 whether 引
26、导的同位语从句。(1)But the urge would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money.(2018北京)如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望无疑会更大。(2)There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.(2017全国)毫无疑问，你应该提前了解关于唐朝的历史。(3)There i
27、s some doubt whether he will pass the final exam.他能否通过期末考试，还有些疑问。(4)I dont doubt that my daughter will have a bright future.我毫不怀疑我的女儿会有光明的未来。(5)I doubt whether/if our class will win the final match.我们班是否会赢得最后的比赛，我对此持怀疑态度。Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas
28、es，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在 未来 几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。even if相 当 于 even though，引 导 让 步 状 语 从 句 ，意 为 “即 使 ；尽 管 ”。(1)Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要去旅行。(2)Be openminded to different opinions even if/though you
29、dont like them.尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。易混辨析 even if/though，as if/thougheven if/though 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然” 。as if/though 用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像似的；似乎；仿佛” 。选词填空 even if/though，as if/though(3)They are talking as if/though they had seen a ghost.(4)Even if/though you dont like this film，youd better see
30、it.单句语法填空1As a consequence(consequent) of oversleeping this morning，I was late for school.2I tend to wake(wake) up early in the morning to do morning exercises outdoors.3As a result of destroying the forests，large quantities of desert have covered the land.4Your statement(state) is too general.Could
31、 you be more specific about what youre going to do in the future?5Opposed(oppose) to the new plan ，most of the members left the meeting room.6She has many kinds of jobs，ranging (range) from cook to model.完成句子7There is no doubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。8Even if/though (Im) in
32、vited，I will not go to his birthday party.即使受到邀请，我也不去参加他的生日聚会。9He took a glance at/glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔叔的笔迹。10Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。基础巩固.单词拼写1The witness stated(陈述) that he had never se
33、en the man before.2Before he died，he had consumed(消耗；喝掉) a large quantity of alcohol.3He glanced(扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.4It can be quite an eye opener to see the range(种类) of classical apples still in existence，such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.5However，ocean expe
34、rt Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special wayby studying movements of random(任意的) floating garbage.6Have a look at this graph(图标)It shows the total sales to date.7First they collected sound data(数据) from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching.8He is a mild(温和的) man ， who is r
35、easonable.9The need to produce everincreasing quantities(数量) of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.10These years，our company has been developing steadily(平稳地).选词填空subscribe to， come about， quantities of， go up， as a result， even if， keep on， compare .to11Compared to a traditional smar
36、tphone，Paper Phone is lighter in weight.12Every day，I have to spend most of my time in studying.As a result，I dont have enough time to take exercise.13Large quantities of food were on the table.14I keep on walking after supper because I cant think of a better way to keep fit.15I have never subscribe
37、d to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of our life.16How did it come about that he was always so busy?17With summer approaching，the temperature is going up quickly.18Even if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel，I went there by air to save time.单句语法填空19The measurement(measur
38、e) of individual intelligence is very difficult.20A large quantity of rice was(be) sold at a discount in the market yesterday.21The air crash resulted in the death of 221 passengers.22The parents strongly opposed their daughter going(go) there alone.23Brian had been ill for a long time and consequen
39、tly(consequence) he was behind in his work.24I could see at first glance that it wasnt the work of Xu Beihong.25Nowadays there is a growing tendency(tend) for people to shop on the Internet.26There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.完成句子27I do not oppose listening to your story again.我不反
40、对再次听你的故事。28As a consequence of/As a result of/In consequence of a great fire，the house was completely destroyed.由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。29Here we have a range of products，our toys.我们这儿有一系列的产品，我们的玩具。30People under stress tend to develop their full range of potential.处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。 能力提升.阅读理解Some fish seem
41、 to be able to adapt rapidly to climate change.In fact，they might even boom(繁荣 ) in the warmer ocean in the future，growing bigger and healthier than they can at presentday temperatures.Evidence gathered over the past decade has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate(迁徙) to cooler w
42、aters，or else fish will face extinction.Signs of such migration have already been seen.But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.Philip Munday of James Cook University and his colleagues showed that one key tropical(热带的) fish species did t
43、his by turning on and off some of its genes.Yet there are questions over the potential cost of such adaptation.The fishs ability to swim seems to be unchanged，but as Munday noted， “Maybe well see tradeoffs with growth rates.There is no free lunch in this world.”Donelson from Sydney raised several gr
44、oups of maroon clownfish，which live in coral reefs throughout the West Pacific.She kept one group at temperatures representing presentday conditions on the Great Barrier Reef，from where the parents of the fish were collected.In addition，she kept another group at 1.5 warmer and the third group at 3 w
45、armer，representing the ocean temperature rise expected by the end of the century.After a year of growing，the fish adapted to the warmer temperatures，upping their aerobic metabolism(有氧代谢 )，which seemed to contribute to other benefits：those raised at temperatures 3 warmer grew 8 percent larger and 29
46、percent heavier than fish raised at lower temperatures.Donelson says that it is hard to make predictions about how different species will deal with climate change.“But at least it wont be all negative news for all species， ” she says.语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文 。文 章 向 我 们 介 绍 了 一 些 鱼 能 够 适 应 气 候 变 化 并 做
47、 出 改 变 。31What is the main idea of the first paragraph?ASome fish can adjust to warmer waters.BSome fish may die out in cooler waters.CSome fish are forced to move to cooler waters.DSome fish can grow bigger at presentday temperatures.答案 A解析 段落大意题。根据第一段内容，尤其是“But recent studies have shown that some
48、fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.”可知，最近的研究表明一些鱼能够适应更温暖的水域，故选 A。32How does one of tropical fish species adjust to the changed surroundings?ABy switching their genes on and off. BBy training their ability to swim.CBy growing quickly. DBy living in a group.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“one key tropical(热带的) fish species did this by turning on and off some of its genes”可知，这种鱼通过改变基因来适应周围环境的改变，故选 A。33What can we know from Donelson s experiment?AThe clownfish she raised are from the Great Barrier Reef.BShe raised the fish in