1、单元质量检测( 五)(时间：100 分钟 满分：120 分).阅读理解(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOne of the richest collections of earlyhuman fossils ever found has been taken out of an African cave, thanks to the efforts of a team of scientists small enough to fit through ancient narrow ways.The f
2、ossils, discovered in the dark places of the Rising Star cave in South Africa, belong to a new species that appeared at the beginning of the family that includes modern humans.The fossils could be more than 2.5 million years old.Or they could be relatively recent. Homo sapiens (智人) appeared in Afric
3、a roughly 200,000 years ago, so the bones are at least that old.The new species is a strange mixture of parts.It had hands and feet much like those of other members of the biological group called Homo, which includes our own species Homo sapiens.Its brain, though, was only about as big as an orange.
4、The Rising Star ancient humans could control objects with their hands, but their highly curved (弯曲的) fingers also made them good climbers.Their Homolike feet and long legs show they could walk long distances, but their shoulders are also suited for climbing.The researchers call them Homo naledi, aft
5、er the word for “star” in the African language Sotho.The first slight knowledge of the more than 1,550 bits of fossil, representing at least 15 individuals, came from cavers helping a researcher to look for ancient remains.One place leading to the fossil room is just over seven inches wide less than
6、 the width of a sheet of notebook paper.It took a team including six female scientists, chosen for their small size and research experience, to get the fossils.The scientists believe that the bodies were deliberately placed in the cave.It suggests that ancient longago human relatives became involved
7、 in ritual (仪式的) disposals of their dead.语篇解读：本文为说明文。在非洲的一个洞里发现了一些远古人类化石，一个新的物种因此被发现了。1What do we know about the Rising Star ancient humans?AThey were very good at climbing.BThey could only walk short distances.CThey couldnt use objects well with hands.DThey had the same size of brains as modern hum
8、ans.解析：选 A 细节理解题。由第四段可知，他们能用手操控物体，但是他们弯曲的手指也使得他们擅长攀爬。他们的脚和长腿表明他们能走远路，因此 B、C 项错误。由第三段“Its brain, though, was only about as big as an orange”可知， D 项错误。2What was the problem the scientists faced after discovering the fossil room?AHow to protect the fossils.BHow to recognize the fossils.CHow to reach fo
9、r the fossils in it.DHow to persuade cavers to leave it.解析：选 C 推理判断题。由第五段的 “One place leading to the fossil room is just over seven inches wide less than the width of a sheet of notebook paper”可推知，如何够得着那些古化石是个难题。3We can infer from the text that _.Athe exact age of the fossils in the Rising Star cave
10、 is unknownBthe fossils in the Rising Star cave belong to a new speciesCthe fossils in the Rising Star cave were the richest ever foundDthe Rising Star ancient humans dealt with their dead at random解析：选 A 推理判断题。由第二段 “The fossils could be more than 2.5 million years old.Or they could be relatively re
11、cent.Homo sapiens (智人) appeared in Africa roughly 200,000 years ago, so the bones are at least that old”可知，这些化石的具体年龄还不确定。BI found a police report that had been filed in Florida 17 years before. It said a boy was hit and his body was thrown 19 yards. But he wasnt thrown; he was dragged that far and c
12、aught in the chains of the truck. It said someone fled the scene, but that someone was my older brother, Alex, and he didnt flee. He rushed over to his friend, but the boy was already dead. It said . But .Alex had just turned 15. This was the day we never spoke about. We thought it would make a diff
13、erence in helping him step out of the shadow of that accident. So I didnt bring it up until one night, when we were 30 and 31, I asked if he ever thought about the day Jonathan died. But he responded with an unpleasant laugh and a cold silence.Before the accident, we were inseparable. After the acci
14、dent, we didnt have words for any conversation. I was desperate to reconnect and convinced that the only way to do so was to get as close as I could to that day.I tracked down the police report. I wrote down the drivers name and found his phone number. I told him I wanted to know about an accident h
15、e was involved in back in 1999. He told me it was the hardest time in his life. I told him I wanted to find a way to take away my brothers pain.“You cant， ” he said. “But if you want to lessen it, let him talk to you, and once those words start coming, youll realize that asking is the easy part. Lis
16、tening is the hard part.” I hung up the phone but didnt stop there. I tracked down the witnesses.A year after the first phone call, I met with my brother and told him about the people I had spoken to and what they had said, and his instinct (本能) was to confirm and correct each detail. That was my op
17、ening, and his too. Later I was able to ask what no one in my family ever had: “Could you just start at the beginning and tell me everything？”And he did.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者和家人为了帮助哥哥走出事故的阴影决定对哥哥所经历的事故避而不谈，而这对哥哥并没有什么帮助。但后来作者明白倾听才能真正帮助哥哥走出痛苦。4How did the police report in Paragraph 1 appear to be in the au
18、thors opinion?AFactfree. BAmbiguous.CPersuasive. DCautiouslyworded.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “It said a boy was hit and his body was thrown 19 yards. But he wasnt thrown; he was dragged that far and caught in the chains of the truck . It said . But”可知，作者认为这份警方报告中有许多与事实不符的地方。故选A。factfree“脱离事实的，不符合事实的 ”；am
19、biguous “模棱两可的，含混不清的” ；persuasive“有说服力的，令人信服的” ；cautiouslyworded“措辞严谨的” 。5Why did the author avoid referring to the accident?ATo avoid arguing with his brother.BTo protect his brother from others scolding.CTo help relieve his brothers pain.DTo show trust in his brothers innocence.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段中
20、的 “This was the day we never spoke about. We thought it would make a difference in helping him step out of the shadow of that accident”可知，之前作者之所以对哥哥那天所经历的事故避而不谈是因为作者认为这样能帮助哥哥走出事故的阴影。故 C 项符合文意。6What may the authors brother need most after the accident?AOthers real understanding.BOthers immediate comp
21、any.COthers sincere listening.DOthers detailed asking.解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “But if you want to lessen it . Listening is the hard part”和最后两段的内容可知，作者通过倾听使哥哥打开了心扉。由此可推知，事故过后，哥哥最需要的可能是他人真诚的倾听。7Which is the best title for the passage?AThe Accident No One Talked AboutBThe Experience Shaping My BrotherCThe
22、 Question No One Cared AboutDThe Moment Changing My Brothers Life解析：选 A 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者和家人为了帮助哥哥走出事故的阴影，决定对哥哥所经历的事故避而不谈，而这对哥哥并没有什么帮助。但后来，正是作者选择倾听哥哥的事故经历，敢于触及那起家人都避而不谈的事故，才让哥哥真正走出事故的阴影，故 A 项“无人谈及的那起事故 ”作本文标题最佳。CYour kids learn a lot from their friends things you cant teach them, no matter how much yo
23、u want to.Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships. As a parent, you cant do this, because you and your child arent equals.For example, when youre sitting on your family room floor and your very young child asks you to pass him the blocks, you probably hand them
24、 right over. If your child is sitting with a peer and asks the same thing, though, he might not get what he wants.To succeed, your child will need to learn strategies for getting what he wants. For example, he might simply yank (猛拉) the toy out of his friends hand. If he does that, he may learn that
25、 its not the best way of getting what he wants because it leads to fighting and timeouts. The successful child will learn that he needs to negotiate a trade, to wait patiently, or to find something else equally fun to play with.Friends also provide emotional support, something that is part of the fo
26、undation of healthy adulthood. You cant be with your child on the elementary school playground or at the high school dance. Your childs friends will be the ones to stick_up_for her, to include her in games, and later, to tell her she looks great even if her lousy prom (糟糕的舞会 ) date wanders off inste
27、ad of dancing with her.Friends also help your children learn. Friends solve problems together, imitate each other, and pass on knowledge.Some experts believe that the single biggest predictor of your childs success later in life is her ability to make friends. In fact, they claim its even more impor
28、tant than IQ and grades.This doesnt mean that the kids who are most popular in school do the best later on in life. What matters is not the number of friends a child has but rather the quality of the relationships.This is good news for those of us who hate to think that popularity really is the Holy
29、 Grail of childhood and adolescence. While its true that popularity has many advantages, and that many popular kids really are nice people and not just the best dressed or best looking its better to have a few good friends than to have the admiration of the masses.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。孩子们会从和朋友的相处中学到许多大人怎么想
30、教都教不会的事，所以真正的好朋友对一个人的成长至关重要。8By giving the example in Paragraph 3, the author wants to show that _.Akids can learn how to deal with the relationships when they stay with their peersBparents should spend more spare time playing with their kidsCkids should learn how to be polite when they ask their pa
31、rents for helpDparents can teach their kids how to be good members in the modern society in their daily life解析：选 A 推理判断题。一般而言，在议论文中，举例都是为了证明作者的观点。由此可知，第三段所举例子是为了证明第二段作者的观点，即“Probably the most important thing kids learn is how to have peer relationships.”。故选 A。9What does the underlined phrase “stick
32、up for” in the fifth paragraph mean?AEnvy. BOppose.CSupport. DIgnore.解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据本段第一句中的 “Friends also provide emotional support”可知，此处将家长与同龄朋友进行比较是为了说明同龄朋友会给孩子们以情感上的支持。由此可知，画线词意为“支持” 。故答案选 C。10In the authors opinion, _ is more important than being popular for kids.Agetting high gradesBhaving some
33、 real friendsCdeveloping a good habitDknowing how to dress themselves up解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据文章最后三段可知，朋友的质量比朋友的数量、智商、分数和外表都重要。故选 B。11Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Bridge the Generation GapBWhat It Takes to Be a Good FriendCWhy Friends Are ImportantDHow to Be Popular
34、in School解析：选 C 标题归纳题。文章的中心段是第一段，由此结合全文内容可知，文章主要说明了同龄朋友对孩子成长的重要性。故选 C。DWe all have our own tricks to cheer up when were feeling down; these little tricks can make you feel a little bit happier every day. While there are certainly happy memories tied up in the wedding ring you and your spouse (配偶) pu
35、rchased together years ago or your teddy bear from childhood, new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of wellbeing when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a thing, even if it holds great value.The report, called Places That Make U
36、s, was conducted by National Trusts and Surrey Universitys researchers. Experts performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)(磁共振成像) scans on 20 volunteers and conducted an online survey of 2,000 people to better understand this deep draw toward special places.“Working with leading researche
37、rs and academics, and using cuttingedge MRI brain technology, we examined how places affect people, how they become special, and why we feel a pull towards them， ” explained Nino Strachey, head of research for the National Trust.The 20 volunteers were shown images of landscapes, houses, and other lo
38、cations, as well as personally meaningful objects. Measuring their brain activity, the researchers found that it was the places, as opposed to the objects, that caused the brain to get the most excited.Volunteers were also interviewed at great length two times, once at home and the other time at the
39、ir special place. The research made discoveries that had never known before the favorite places awoke feelings of belonging, physical and emotional safety, and an intense internal pull to the place.Dr. Andy Myers weighed_in_on the research, saying, “For the first time we have been able to prove the
40、physical and emotional benefits of places, far beyond any research that has been done before.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了回忆某个与美好时光相关的地方时，我们会感到平静，幸福感也更加强烈。12How was the research conducted?ABy performing MRI on 2,000 volunteers.BBy measuring the participants brain by MRI.CBy doing rough interviews with the pa
41、rticipants.DBy showing meaningful objects to the participants.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “Experts performed . on 20 volunteers”和第三段中的“using cuttingedge MRI brain technology”可知，研究者使用磁共振成像检查技术对参与者的大脑进行检测，故选 B 项。13How would the author feel about the findings of the study?AIt is pioneering. BIt is groundless.
42、CIt is imperfect. DIt is uncommon.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的 “The research made discoveries that had never known before”可知，该研究的发现是前所未有的，故 pioneering“开创性的，先驱的”符合题意。14What does the underlined phrase “weighed in on” mean?AThink highly of. BLook down on.CPay attention to. DMake fun of.解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据最后一段 Dr.
43、Andy Myers 的话“For the first time we have been able to prove the physical and emotional benefits of places, far beyond any research that has been done before”可推知， Dr. Andy Myers 认为这个研究开辟了先河，比之前的任何研究都好，所以对它“高度评价” 。15What does the text mainly talk about?AEveryone has his way to be happy.BValuable place
44、s can make people happy.CTeddy bears are best memories for children.DMeaningful objects lead to greater wellbeing.解析：选 B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的 “new research finds that we typically feel calmer and experience a greater sense of wellbeing when we focus on a place that reminds us of happier times rather than a
45、 thing”及下文的内容可知，本文主要讲的是与某件物品相比，当我们集中精神回忆某个与美好时光相关的地方时，我们尤其会感到平静，幸福感也更加强烈。所以选 B 项。.阅读七选五(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Playing soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Its not hard to learn at a young age with a great amount of exercise. _16_However, playing so
46、ccer is a little dangerous, and collisions with other players can cause injuries. All the running in a soccer game can lead to ankle sprains (扭伤)_17_ Therefore, its necessary to learn to keep things as safe as possible while playing soccer._18_ For example, whenever you practise or play, look at the
47、 field carefully to make sure that there are no holes or other dangerous things like broken glass. Also remember to warm up before playing or run in place (原地跑) for a few minutes._19_ Keep your head up and be aware of your teammates and the other teams players at all times because collisions are mor
48、e likely if you dont pay attention to other players. You also should use proper techniques, particularly when it comes to heading the ball because heading the ball can injure your head and neck if you dont do it properly.If you are injured or feel painful while playing, ask to come out of the game,
49、and dont start playing again until the pain goes away. _20_ However, it can make an injury worse.APlaying soccer is good for your health.BBesides, its an exciting game that has lots of fun to play.CWhile playing soccer, know and obey the rules of soccer.DPlaying through pain might seem like a brave thing to do.EClose your mouth and keep yo