1、Period Seven Grammar The passive () & Modal verbs感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题(一)1.Every year in September or October，the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world.2.In the old days，dragon boat races were organised only by Chinese people.3.The house was being painted white when I
2、was there.4.The boy is so curious that he wants to know what is being discussed now in the secret room.5.A talk on how to learn English will be given in the school meeting hall tomorrow afternoon.6.So far no letter has been received from my friends.1.句 1 是一般现在时的被动语态。2.句 2 是一般过去时的被动语态。3.句 3 是过去进行时的被动
3、语态。4.句 4 是现在进行时的被动语态。5.句 5 是一般将来时的被动语态。6.句 6 是现在完成时的被动语态。(二)1.The bridegroom has to ask the brides father for his daughters hand in marriage.2.He doesnt/didnt have to contribute a lot of money.3.And what kind of present do I have to take?4.That cant be Maryshes in hospital.5.There is someone outside
4、who can it be?6.Can you speak Spanish?7.If you really want to see it，you ought to ask first.8.There is a box at the entrance to the reception and you ought to put money into it!1.句 1 中 have to 强调客观上的必要性，常译为“不得不” 。2.在句 2、句 3 中 have to 的否定和疑问形式需要借助助动词 do/does/did，而且有数和时态的变化。3.句 4、句 5 中 can 表示推测；句 6 中
5、can 表示一般性的能力。4.ought to 在句 7 中表示“建议或劝告” ，在句 8 中表示“ 义务或责任” 。一、被动语态(一)概念语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。(二)被动语态的构成被动语态的基本构成形式是：be及物动词的过去分词。不及物动词没有被动语态。下面为各种时态的被动语态形式：一般现在时：am/is/are过去分词一般过去时：was/were过去分词现在进行时：am/is/arebeing过去分词过去进行时：was/werebei
6、ng过去分词现在完成时：have/hasbeen过去分词过去完成时：hadbeen过去分词一般将来时：will/shall/be going to/be tobe过去分词过去将来时：wouldbe过去分词English is spoken all over the world.全世界都讲英语。(一般现在时的被动语态 )He was caught by the police for drunk driving.他因为酒驾而被警察抓了。(一般过去时的被动语态)Her favorite TV play is being shown on TV.她最喜爱的电视剧正在电视上放映。(现在进行时的被动语态)
7、The bridge was being repaired when they went to the river bank last time.上次他们去河边时，那座桥正在维修。(过去进行时的被动语态 )His homework has been finished and he can go out to play with other boys.他的作业已经完成，他可以出去跟其他男孩玩了。(现在完成时的被动语态)All had been done before he arrived.他来之前所有的事都已经做了。(过去完成时的被动语态)Who will be sent there to wo
8、rk?谁要被派去那儿工作？(一般将来时的被动语态 )He told me nothing would be done to stop him from going there.他告诉我什么也不能阻止他去那儿。(过去将来时的被动语态)(三)被动语态的特殊结构形式1.情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the babysitter.这个婴儿应该得到保姆的精心照顾。2.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。H
9、is mother gave him a present for his birthday.He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.他的母亲送给他一个生日礼物。3.当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.有人正好撞见这个男孩在抽烟。4.在使役动词 have，make，let 以及感官动词 see，watch， notice，
10、hear，feel ，observe 等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式符号 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.有人看见一个陌生人走进这幢大楼。5.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词” ， “动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。This accident has been looked into.这起事故已经被调查。注意 含有
11、“动词名词介词”(如 make use of，pay attention to，take care of 等) 的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方法：一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；二是把固定动词词组中的名词变为被动句的主语。You should pay attention to your pronunciation.Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.Attention should be paid to your pronunciation.你应该注意你的发音。6.“get过去分词”也可表示被动语态。He was knocked d
12、own by a car and got killed.他被一辆汽车撞死了。(四)主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 lock，open，sell，read，write，wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物，后面常跟一个副词。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很耐洗。2.有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel，sound，taste，look 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来有道理。3.在 need，want，
13、require 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。This machine needs repairing/to be repaired.这台机器需要修理。4.形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式。The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do 与 thin
14、gs 是动宾关系，与 I 是主谓关系。)今天下午我有许多事情要做。6.在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，形容词说明不定式的特性，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有easy，hard，difficult，impossible，pleasant ，interesting 等。This problem is difficult to work out.这个问题很难解决。二、情态动词(一)have to/dont have tohave to 表示“不得不，必须 ”，指在客观条件下不得不去做某事；否定式 dont have to，表示“没必要，不必” ，构
15、成疑问句时，要借助助动词 do。The last bus left，and he had to walk home.最后一班公共汽车开走了，他只好步行回家。It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow.我们明天必须离开，真是遗憾。(have to 表示客观上“不得不”)You dont have to leave so early.你没有必要出发这么早。(dont have to needn t 没有必要)(二)can/cant1.表示能力，could 是 can 的过去式。She can sing that song in English
16、.她能用英文唱那首歌。My son could read and write when he was four.我儿子在 4 岁时就能读能写了。2.表示请求，could 不是 can 的过去式，而是表示更委婉的语气，主要用于疑问句(回答时应用 can)。Can you tell me how to get to the airport?你能告诉我怎么去机场吗？Could I borrow your car?Yes， of course you can.我能借用你的汽车吗？是的，当然可以。3.表示许可。You can park your car here.你可以把车停在这里。4.表示理论上的可能
17、性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生) ，或表示“有时”之意。Even experienced teachers can make mistakes.即使是有经验的教师也可能会犯错。She can be very unpleasant.她有时很令人讨厌。5.表示推测，could 比 can 的可能性要弱。I think the work can be completed ahead of time.我认为这项工作能提前完成。若表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测，用“can/could not have过去分词” 。Mike cant have found his car，for he cam
18、e to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为今天早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。(三)ought to/ought not to1.表示义务或责任，意为“应该” 。You ought to work hard.你应该努力工作。2.表示建议或劝告，意为“应该” 。We oughtnt to take risks.我们不宜冒险。3.表示对现在或将来某种可能性的推测，这种推测是可信的。Ask John.He ought to know.问问约翰吧，他应该知道。4.“ought tohave done”结构相当于“should have done”结构，表示“
19、本应该做某事而事实上并没有做” ，其否定结构表示“不该做某事实际上却做了” 。You ought to/should have asked him.你本该问他的。We oughtnt to/shouldnt have told him the news.我们本不应该告诉他这个消息。.用所给词的正确形式或情态动词填空1.I was shocked(shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江)2.My washing machine is being repaired(repaire) this week，
20、so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津)3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take).(2018天津)4.I cant find my purse(钱包).I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津)5.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trappe
21、d(trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018北京)6.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.(2017浙江)7.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones(无线电话) hadn t been invented(not，invent) yet.(2017北京)8.Now
22、adays，cycling ，along with jogging and swimming，is regarded(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津)9.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class，can easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017北京)10.I was allowed(allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(20
23、16全国)11.George cant have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江)12.The giant panda is loved(love) by people throughout the world.(2016四川)13.It was really annoying；I couldnt get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津)14.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been re
24、ached(reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )1.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are for cooking.usingused(2016全国，短文改错)2.We can between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016全国，短文改错)chosechoose3.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming
25、has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国，短文改错)4.Tea in China was traditionally from cups without handles.drankdrunk(2013新课标全国，短文改错)5.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I make my toys last.mustcould/might(2012新课标全国，短文改错).用所给词的正确形式填空1.Books，pencils，ink，and so on are sold(sell) in t
26、his shop.2.A concert was given(give) here by Lang Lang last weekend.3.Your car mustnt be parked(park) here.4.When and where to build the new factory hasnt been decided(not，decide) yet.5.He was made to work(work) for more than nine hours a day.6.More than 100 lives have been saved(save) by the doctor
27、 since he began to work.7.Please wait a minute.Your bike is being mended(mend) now.8.Another new road will be built(build) here next year.完成句子9.You ought to/should take good care of yourself.你应该照顾好自己。10.That cant be my grandfatherhes in hospital.那不可能是我爷爷他在住院。11.We dont have to/neednt rushtheres plen
28、ty of time.我们不必着急有的是时间。12.Jim can be very annoying.吉姆有时候会很烦人。13.It rained heavily，so the children had to stay at home.雨下得很大，所以孩子们不得不待在家里。基础巩固.用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We were treated(treat) well by our hosts.2.It is reported that a space station will be built(build) on the moon in y
29、ears to come.3.I have a letter to write(write).I cant go out with you.4.As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to be repaired(repair).5.It is the first time that he has come here and now it is high time that he was showed/should be showed(show) around
30、.6.Come and look.What has happened(happen) to the flowers?7.Though small，the oranges sell(sell) well，because they taste(taste) nice.8.Will Shirley hold the party in her new house tonight?No.It is being painted(paint) at present.9.Shakespeares play Hamlet has been made(make) into at least ten differe
31、nt films over the past years.10.Hurry up！There is no time to get changed(change).完成句子11.I cant play basketball now，but I could when I was young.现在我不会打篮球了，但年轻的时候我会。12.Its too late；I have to go home now.天太晚了，我现在得回家了。13.You dont have to/neednt finish the work now.你没有必要现在完成这项工作。14.You ought to/should be
32、 more careful next time.下次你应该更小心才是。15.He ought not to/shouldnt be absent from such an important meeting.他不应该缺席这么重要的会议。能力提升.七选五It can be difficult to meet new people and make friends，especially when you move to a new city or find yourself out of your comfort zone.How will you deal with the situation？
33、 16 There are several ways that you can meet people that you might not have considered in the past. 17 You probably have several acquaintances that you see on a daily basis or a weekly basis.If you get along well with certain people，you can see if this acquaintance would like to go out and do someth
34、ing socially with you.If you have common interests，you might suggest that the two of you do something together that involves your interest.Make an effort to accept invitations.Sometimes people that you know may be having a barbecue or other type of social gathering.Try to ensure that you are able to
35、 attend and then show up at the appointed time. 18 If you meet people that you click with，you can make a plan to see them again in the future or you can invite your friends to your own event and ask them to extend the invitation to the friends that were at their gathering too.Go out，even when you do
36、nt feel like it.It turns out that when people invite someone to join them for dinner or a movie or something else，they really want to hang out with you. 19 20 But once you have used the same methods a few times you will know exactly what works and what does not.Dont give up，as everyone is different
37、and it just takes time to get to know people.A.Expand on current relationships.B.Trying to make new friends can be annoying at first.C.Do you work with people that you get along well with?D.But dont call them several times a day or even several times per week.E.Be more social and youll make your lif
38、e more exciting and fulfilled.F.If you tend to say “no” often，people will eventually stop asking you to go with them.G.These types of gatherings often lead to meeting different people who are friends of friends.语 篇 解 读 本 文 对 于 如 何 扩 大 你 的 交 际 范 围 提 出 了 几 种 方 法 。16.答案 E解析 根据上文提到的“How will you deal wi
39、th the situation？( 你如何处理这种情况)” ，可知 E 项“多参加社交活动，你会让你的生活更加精彩和充实”符合语境。17.答案 A解析 本段主要讲了和熟人深化关系，发展成朋友。故 A 项“扩展当前关系”符合语境。18.答案 G解析 根据下文“If you meet people that.”可知，G 项“在这种类型的聚会中往往会结识不同的人，他们是朋友的朋友”符合语境。19.答案 F解析 根据上文提到的“It turns out.with you.(事实证明，当人们邀请别人一起吃饭、看电影或做其他事情时，他们真的想跟你一块儿消磨时光)”可知，F 项 “如果你经常说不 ，人们最终不再邀请你和他们一起去”符合语境。20.答案 B解析 根据下文提到的“But once.and what does not(但一旦你用几次同样的方法之后，你就会知道什么有作用，什么样的不起作用)”可知，B 项“刚开始交新朋友时很令人困扰”符合语境。