1、,PART 1,语法导学,PART 2,达标检测,Period Seven GrammarThe passive () & Modal verbs,PART 1,语法导学,感悟规律 重点难点剖析,感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 (一),语法感知,1.Every year in September or October，the Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated by the Chinese people all over the world. 2.In the old days，dragon boat races were organised only by C
2、hinese people. 3.The house was being painted white when I was there. 4.The boy is so curious that he wants to know what is being discussed now in the secret room. 5.A talk on how to learn English will be given in the school meeting hall tomorrow afternoon. 6.So far no letter has been received from m
3、y friends.,1.句1是 的被动语态。 2.句2是 的被动语态。 3.句3是 的被动语态。 4.句4是 的被动语态。 5.句5是 的被动语态。 6.句6是 的被动语态。,查看答案,一般现在时,一般过去时,过去进行时,现在进行时,一般将来时,现在完成时,(二),1.The bridegroom has to ask the brides father for his daughters hand in marriage. 2.He doesnt/didnt have to contribute a lot of money. 3.And what kind of present do I
4、 have to take? 4.That cant be Maryshes in hospital. 5.There is someone outsidewho can it be? 6.Can you speak Spanish? 7.If you really want to see it，you ought to ask first. 8.There is a box at the entrance to the reception and you ought to put money into it!,1.句1中have to强调客观上的必要性，常译为“ ”。 2.在句2、句3中ha
5、ve to的否定和疑问形式需要借助助动词 ，而且有数和时态的变化。 3.句4、句5中can表示 ；句6中can表示一般性的 。 4.ought to在句7中表示“ ”，在句8中表示“义务或责任”。,查看答案,不得不,do/does/did,推测,能力,建议或劝告,语法精析,一、被动语态 (一)概念 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。 (二)被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成形式是：be及物动词的过去分词。不及物动词没有被动语态。,下面为各种时态的被动
6、语态形式： 一般现在时：am/is/are过去分词 一般过去时：was/were过去分词 现在进行时：am/is/arebeing过去分词 过去进行时：was/werebeing过去分词 现在完成时：have/hasbeen过去分词 过去完成时：hadbeen过去分词 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to/be tobe过去分词 过去将来时：wouldbe过去分词 English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都讲英语。(一般现在时的被动语态),He was caught by the police for drunk driving.
7、他因为酒驾而被警察抓了。(一般过去时的被动语态) Her favorite TV play is being shown on TV. 她最喜爱的电视剧正在电视上放映。(现在进行时的被动语态) The bridge was being repaired when they went to the river bank last time. 上次他们去河边时，那座桥正在维修。(过去进行时的被动语态) His homework has been finished and he can go out to play with other boys. 他的作业已经完成，他可以出去跟其他男孩玩了。(现在
8、完成时的被动语态),All had been done before he arrived. 他来之前所有的事都已经做了。(过去完成时的被动语态) Who will be sent there to work? 谁要被派去那儿工作？(一般将来时的被动语态) He told me nothing would be done to stop him from going there. 他告诉我什么也不能阻止他去那儿。(过去将来时的被动语态),(三)被动语态的特殊结构形式 1.情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。 The baby should be taken good care
9、of by the babysitter. 这个婴儿应该得到保姆的精心照顾。 2.有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 他的母亲送给他一个生日礼物。,3.当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smokin
10、g a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 有人正好撞见这个男孩在抽烟。 4.在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进这幢大楼。,5.有些相当于及物动词的动
11、词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 This accident has been looked into. 这起事故已经被调查。 注意 含有“动词名词介词”(如make use of，pay attention to，take care of等)的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方法：一是把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；二是把固定动词词组中的名词变为被动句的主语。 You should pay attention to your pronunciation. Your pronunciation should b
12、e paid attention to. Attention should be paid to your pronunciation. 你应该注意你的发音。,6.“get过去分词”也可表示被动语态。 He was knocked down by a car and got killed. 他被一辆汽车撞死了。 (四)主动形式表示被动意义 1.英语中有很多动词如lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物，后面常跟一个副词。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布
13、料很耐洗。,2.有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，look等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来有道理。 3.在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 This machine needs repairing/to be repaired. 这台机器需要修理。 4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一
14、读。,5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。) 今天下午我有许多事情要做。 6.在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，形容词说明不定式的特性，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有easy，hard，difficult，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 This problem is diff
15、icult to work out. 这个问题很难解决。,二、情态动词 (一)have to/dont have to have to表示“不得不，必须”，指在客观条件下不得不去做某事；否定式dont have to，表示“没必要，不必”，构成疑问句时，要借助助动词do。 The last bus left，and he had to walk home. 最后一班公共汽车开走了，他只好步行回家。 It is a pity that we shall have to leave tomorrow. 我们明天必须离开，真是遗憾。(have to表示客观上“不得不”) You dont have
16、to leave so early. 你没有必要出发这么早。(dont have toneednt没有必要),(二)can/cant 1.表示能力，could是can的过去式。 She can sing that song in English. 她能用英文唱那首歌。 My son could read and write when he was four. 我儿子在4岁时就能读能写了。,2.表示请求，could不是can的过去式，而是表示更委婉的语气，主要用于疑问句(回答时应用can)。 Can you tell me how to get to the airport? 你能告诉我怎么去机
17、场吗？ Could I borrow your car? Yes，of course you can. 我能借用你的汽车吗？ 是的，当然可以。,3.表示许可。 You can park your car here. 你可以把车停在这里。 4.表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上看是可能的，但实际未必会发生)，或表示“有时”之意。 Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能会犯错。 She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。,5.表示推测，could比can的可能性要弱。 I think the w
18、ork can be completed ahead of time. 我认为这项工作能提前完成。 若表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测，用“can/could not have过去分词”。 Mike cant have found his car，for he came to work by bus this morning. 迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为今天早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。,(三)ought to/ought not to 1.表示义务或责任，意为“应该”。 You ought to work hard. 你应该努力工作。 2.表示建议或劝告，意为“应该”。 We oughtnt
19、 to take risks. 我们不宜冒险。 3.表示对现在或将来某种可能性的推测，这种推测是可信的。 Ask John.He ought to know. 问问约翰吧，他应该知道。,4.“ought tohave done”结构相当于“shouldhave done”结构，表示“本应该做某事而事实上并没有做”，其否定结构表示“不该做某事实际上却做了”。 You ought to/should have asked him. 你本该问他的。 We oughtnt to/shouldnt have told him the news. 我们本不应该告诉他这个消息。,高考链接,查看答案,.用所给
20、词的正确形式或情态动词填空 1.I (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time. (2018浙江) 2.My washing machine (repaire) this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津) 3.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take). (2018天津) 4.I cant find my purse(钱包).I have left it in t
21、he supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(2018天津),was shocked,is being repaired,taken,could,查看答案,5.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ (trap) in the mountains for two days.(2018北京) 6.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish
22、.(2017浙江) 7.In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones(无线电话) (not，invent) yet.(2017北京) 8.Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，_ (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津) 9.Samuel，the tallest boy in our class， easily reach t
23、he books on the top shelf.(2017北京),had been trapped,swept,hadnt been invented,is regarded,can,查看答案,10.I (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.(2016全国) 11.George have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.(2016浙江) 12.The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world
24、.(2016四川) 13.It was really annoying；I get access to the data bank you had recommended.(2016天津) 14.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement _ (reach) so far by the two sides.(2015天津),was allowed,cant,is loved,couldnt,has been reached,查看答案,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.Every day he makes sure that fresh
25、 vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.(2016全国，短文改错) 2.We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. (2016全国，短文改错) 3.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.(2015全国，短文改错),used,choose,4.Tea in China was traditionally dran
26、k from cups without handles. (2013新课标全国，短文改错) 5.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. (2012新课标全国，短文改错),drunk,could/might,查看答案,PART 2,达标检测,当堂检测 基础达标演练,1.Books，pencils，ink，and so on (sell) in this shop. 2.A concert (give) here by Lang Lang last weekend. 3.Your car mus
27、tnt (park) here. 4.When and where to build the new factory (not，decide) yet. 5.He was made (work) for more than nine hours a day. 6.More than 100 lives (save) by the doctor since he began to work. 7.Please wait a minute.Your bike (mend) now. 8.Another new road (build) here next year.,.用所给词的正确形式填空,查看
28、答案,are sold,was given,be parked,hasnt been decided,to work,have been saved,is being mended,will be built,9.You yourself. 你应该照顾好自己。 10.That hes in hospital. 那不可能是我爷爷他在住院。 11.We rushtheres plenty of time. 我们不必着急有的是时间。 12.Jim very annoying. 吉姆有时候会很烦人。 13.It rained heavily，so the children . 雨下得很大，所以孩子们不得不待在家里。,查看答案,.完成句子,ought to/should take good care of,cant be my grandfather,dont have to/neednt,can be,had to stay at home,