1、,24 刘姥姥进大观园,1.整体感知,梳理小说的情节,把握主要内容。 2.通过对人物典型语言和动作描写的分析,把握小说中的人物形象。 3.拓展阅读相关情节,加深对传统名著的热爱,探究刘姥姥在红楼梦中的作用。,点击图片观看视频,【曹雪芹】(约1715年约1763年),名沾,字梦阮,号雪芹。曹雪芹出身清代内务府正白旗包衣世家,他是江宁织造曹寅之孙,曹颙之子(一说曹頫之子) 。,曹雪芹早年在南京江宁织造府亲历了一段锦衣纨绔、富贵风流的生活 。至雍正六年(1728年),曹家因亏空获罪被抄家,曹雪芹随家人迁回北京老宅。后又移居北京西郊,靠卖字画和朋友救济为生。,红楼梦:原名石头记,中国古典长篇章回体小说
2、。红楼梦是一部具有世界影响力的言情小说作品,举世公认的中国古典小说巅峰之作,中国封建社会的百科全书,传统文化的集大成者。,小说以贾、史、王、薛四大家族的兴衰为背景,以贾府的家庭琐事、闺阁闲情为中心,以贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗的爱情婚姻故事为主线,描写了以贾宝玉和金陵十二钗为中心的有情人的人性美和悲剧美,歌颂追求光明的叛逆人物,通过叛逆者的悲剧命运预见封建社会必然走向灭亡,揭示出封建末世的危机。,一部红楼梦刘姥姥共三次到贾府。一进:刘姥姥的女婿狗儿不争气弄得家业萧条,就搬出了城住到了乡下。到了年冬岁末,狗儿家生活艰难,岳母刘姥姥只好借着狗儿祖上与王夫人家连过亲,到贾府攀亲,寻求救济。,二进:刘姥姥
3、为感谢上次贾家的救助,特地去谢恩。见识到大户人家的吃穿行等事宜,课文所选即是二进大观园内容。三进:刘姥姥得知贾府被抄,去狱神庙探望凤姐,凤姐拜托她一定要把巧姐找回来,她费了好大劲才把学唱戏的巧姐赎回来,带着巧姐到乡下。,蓼溆 戗金 篾片 敁敠 麈尾 搓弄 发怔 筵席,lio x,qing,din duo,cu,mi,zhng,zh,yn,速读课文,试用一句话概括文章内容。,作为社会底层的农家老妇刘姥姥,来到贵族贾家,与上流社会的贾母、王熙凤等人一起用餐,在王熙凤等人的安排下,闹出了许多笑话。,再读课文,为本文内容划分结构。,第一部分:(贾母便笑道鸳鸯笑道:“很不与大奶奶相干,有我呢。”),饭前
4、:凤姐、鸳鸯等人计划设局取笑刘姥姥。,第二部分:(正说着,只见贾母等来了将各样的菜给板儿夹在碗上),饭中:刘姥姥上演“笑”剧。,第三部分:(一时吃毕婆子们添上碗箸来,三人吃毕。),饭后:刘姥姥感慨,凤姐、鸳鸯等以实情相告。,1.快速浏览全文,说说从刘姥姥的视角来看,贾府具有怎样的特点。,(1)居室威武(柜子比我们一间房子都大);,(2)饮食奢侈(一两银子一个的鹌鹑蛋);,(3)富而好礼(礼出大家)。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
5、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
6、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.刘姥姥进大观园后表演的“笑”剧是谁导演的?她们为什么要导演这场“笑”剧?,是由凤姐、鸳鸯等人导演的。她们觉得刘姥姥的言行举止与大观园有些格格不入,甚至很滑稽可笑,于是就拿刘姥姥来开涮,取笑。,3.自由读第
7、二部分,这一部分细致地描写了各具情态的笑,给人留下了难忘的印象。请说说主要人物的笑有什么不同,反映了他们怎样的性格特点。,思考:为什么众人发笑之前先是“发怔”?,“发怔”这一神态描写尤为传神,一方面写出了刘姥姥的语言及“鼓着腮不语”样子出乎大家的意料,瞬间寂静,又与众人大笑的热烈场面形成强烈对比。,(1)凤姐、鸳鸯,独有凤姐鸳鸯二人掌着,还只管让刘姥姥。,笑而不露,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
8、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
9、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成路,状元成才路,状元成才路,(2)史湘云、薛姨妈、探春,史湘云掌不住,一口饭都喷了出来。 薛姨妈也掌不住,口里茶喷了探春一裙子。 探春手里的饭碗都合在迎春身上。,自然流露,率真、爽朗,(3)王夫人,笑着用手指着凤姐儿,却说不出话来。,委婉含蓄,(4)林黛玉,笑岔了气,伏着桌子嗳哟。,极力控制,(5)宝玉,宝玉早滚到贾母怀里。,自然流露,(6)惜春,惜春离了坐位,拉着他奶姆,叫揉一揉肠子。,自然流露,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元
10、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,(7)贾母,贾母笑的眼泪出来。,自然流露,3.赏析有关刘姥姥的言谈举止的句子,分析刘姥姥这一人物形象。,金银的筷子反而不及平常的伏手合用,可见刘姥姥的朴素实在的老农妇形象。,(1)原是凤姐和鸳鸯商议定了刘姥姥道:“去了金的,又是银的,到底不及俺们那个伏手。
11、”,(2)刘姥姥便站起身来,高声说道:“老刘,老刘,食量大似牛,吃个老母猪不抬头。”说完,却鼓着腮帮子,两眼直视,一声不语。,刘姥姥之所以故意出丑,是因为她早已知道是为了哄老太太开心,但她决不是傻子,而是一位“大智若愚”的人物,为了环境的需要,她不得不装作愚者,以获得别人的同情,希望得到些恩惠。,(3)刘姥姥便伸箸子要夹,那里夹的起来,满碗里闹了一阵,好容易撮起一个来,才伸着脖子要吃,偏又滑下来,滚在地下。,写出刘姥姥使用沉且滑的筷子,夹不住鸽子蛋,以至于鸽子蛋满碗乱跑的情形。,突出刘姥姥吃鸽子蛋时的小心翼翼而又憨态可掬。,写出筷子光滑、鸽子蛋小,且鸽子蛋掉下时速度之快。,(4)“姑娘说那里话
12、。咱们哄着老太太开个心儿,可有什么恼的!你先嘱咐我,我就明白了,不过大家取个笑儿。我要心里恼,也就不说了。”,面对鸳鸯与凤姐的“赔不是”,刘姥姥说的这番话,表现了她的善良纯朴。,思考:刘姥姥明知道鸳鸯等人要“拿她取个笑”,为什么还要积极配合呢?,凤姐和鸳鸯要拿她取笑,她虽心知肚明,却仍积极配合,是因为她甘愿博众人一笑,这表现了刘姥姥的聪明、圆滑,深谙生存之道。当然,这种圆滑里面包涵深深的奴性。,这场“笑”剧的背后包含了作者怎样的思想感情?,主题探究,在这场“笑”剧的背后,包含着作者对下层劳动人民的悲悯与尊敬,作者正是以悲悯尊敬的眼光来塑造刘姥姥这位市井小民形象;同时,作者也透过刘姥姥的眼睛映射
13、出贾府“朱门酒肉臭”的景象,对贾府的腐败进行了深重的谴责。,随着情节的推展,作者一再让刘姥姥对大观园及贾府生活发出赞叹,有何作用?,贾府的豪奢,是刘姥姥难以想象的,所以见了缀锦阁的种种对象直念佛;将园景比成画景;赞美贾母的房间威武、黛玉的房间齐整等。这固然是缘于刘姥姥的少见多怪,也是借刘姥姥之口侧面写出贾府的奢华。此外,刘姥姥感叹“一两银子,也没听见个响声就没了”,“去了金的,又是银的,到底不及俺们那个伏手”“这个菜里有毒,我们那些都成了砒霜了”,更对比出府内、府外贫富之悬殊,也暗示了贾府由兴盛到衰败的主题。,本节选叙述了刘姥姥第二次进贾府,被凤姐和鸳鸯故意戏弄的事。既刻画了刘姥姥聪明、圆滑的
14、形象,又通过她的角度观察这“钟鸣鼎食”的豪门巨宅,暗示了贾府衰败的必然性。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,刘姥姥进大观园,设局取笑贾府奢华,上演“笑”剧滑稽可笑,告知实情圆滑奴性,谴责腐败生活 悲悯刘姥姥,