1、Period Four Grammar Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (I)：statements and questions感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题1She said to me ， “I came back an hour ago.”She told me that she had come back an hour before.2 “Can you help me with my chemistry？” Tom asked Sara.Tom asked Sara if/whether she could help him with his c
2、hemistry.3The lawyer said， “I will come this morning.”The lawyer said that she/he would go that morning.4 “Where have you been these days？” he asked.He asked me where I had been those days.5Our geography teacher said to us， “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”Our geography teacher told
3、us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.1在直接引语变为间接引语的过程中，从句的主语常常按照一定的规律发生变化，从句中的时态往往有一定改变，如句 1、3；但陈述客观事实或真理时时态不变，如句 5。 2直接引语是一般疑问句或反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，其主句动词常用 ask，如句 2。 3直接引语为特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，常将它变成由相应的疑问词引导的宾语从句，如句 4。4语序变化：如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，如句 2、4。 对
4、于直接引语和间接引语的掌握，我们可以遵循这样一个原则：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。一个概念：直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。两种形式：直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不用加引号。三种句型：陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。四种变化：人称、时态、语序和状语。一、陈述句直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词 that 引导，that 在口语中可以省略。The man said， “I am very poor.”The man said (that) he was very poor.二、疑问句1直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词 wheth
5、er 或 if 引导。He asked me， “Are you interested in WeChat？”He asked me if/whether I was interested in WeChat.2直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who，whom，whose，how，when ，why ，where 等引导。“Why did she refuse to go there？” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.三、直接引语变为间接引语时的四种变化1直接引语变间接
6、引语时，要注意人称的变化。对于人称的变化，可记住下面的顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新” 。(1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。She said， “My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her.(2)“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也
7、可以用第一人称。He asked Kate， “How is your sister now？”He asked Kate how her sister was then.(3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr Smith said， “Jack is a good worker.”Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.2直接引语变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分) 的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。变化如下：直接
8、引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 不变一般将来时 过去将来时His friend said to him， “We are planning to have a picnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。 ”(直接引语为现在进行时)His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语改为过去进行时)The organizer said， “We have begun our plan.”组织者说
9、：“我们已开始了我们的计划。 ”(直接引语为现在完成时)The organizer said that they had begun their plan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语改为过去完成时)注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态不发生变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth， ” the teacher told me.The teacher told me that the earth moves around
10、 the sun and the moon moves around the earth.(2)直接引语中有具体的过去时间作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Tom said， “I was born on April 21,1980.”Tom said he was born on April 21,1980.(3)主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。He says， “I am very happy.”He says that he is very happy.3语序的变化直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句的语序变为陈述句的语序。He a
11、sked me， “Do you really understand the meaning of the sentence？”He asked me if/whether I really understood the meaning of the sentence.4其他变化时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。引语用词 直接引语 间接引语this that指示代词these thosenow thentoday that daythis morning that morningtomorrow the next/following dayyesterday the day be
12、forelast night the night before时间状语ago before地点状语 here therebring take方向性动词come goShe asked， “Is this book his？ ”她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用 this)She asked whether that book was his.她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为 that)“Ill be very busy today， ” said the man.那个人说：“我今天会很忙。 ”(直接引语中用 today)The man said he would be very b
13、usy that day.那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为 that day)注 意 ： 如 果 转 述 时 是 在 原 来 的 地 方 或 说 话 的 当 天 ， 就 不 必 改 变 指 示 代 词 、 时 间 状 语 、 地 点 状语 等 。单句语法填空1While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018全国)2Sarah has be
14、en told/was told(tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.(2017全国)3Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were(be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全国)4The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air polluti
15、on.(2015四川)5We must find out when Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆)6You have to know where youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015湖南)7I truly believe that beauty comes from within.(2015北京)8Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening
16、 now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京).直接引语与间接引语间相互转换(每空 1 词)1She said， “My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.”She said that her mother had taken her to an exhibition the day before.2My sister said to me ， “I will come here next week.”My sister told me that she would go there the nex
17、t week.3 “How are you feeling now？” the doctor asked him.The doctor asked him how he was feeling then .4 “Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant？” the woman asked the policeman.The woman asked the policeman if/whether he could tell her how to get to the nearest restaurant.5 “The sun is
18、 bigger than the moon， ” the teacher said to us.The teacher told us that the sun is bigger than the moon.6Mr Smith asked Mary if she would go out with him that night.“Will you go out with me tonight，Mary？” said Mr Smith.7She told me that she would fly to London the next day.She said to me ， “I will
19、fly to London tomorrow.”8Toms mother asked him why he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time.Toms mother said to him， “Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time？”9He asked me if I had visited Beijing two years before.“Did you visit Beijing two years ago？” he asked me
20、.10 “How often do you go to the library？” the teacher asked the student.The teacher asked the student how often he/she went to the library.语法填空Li Ping told me that he 11.had had(have) a talk with his father two days before.His father asked him 12.what he wanted to be and 13.whether/if hed like to be
21、 a lawyer.Li Ping said that he 14.was(be) not sure about his future career.He told his father that there 15.would be(be) an exam the next week and 16.that he didnt know how many times he 17.had failed(fail) and whether he 18.could(can) catch up with others.He hoped that his father 19.would(will) not
22、 give him too much pressure from then on.His father told him that failure 20.is(be) the mother of success and hoped that he would believe in himself.基础巩固.将下列直接引语改为间接引语1The history teacher said to them， “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 23rd,1921.”The history teacher told them that the
23、 Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 23rd,1921.2 “Where are you going？” the father asked his son.The father asked his son where he was going.3 “I havent heard from my parents these days， ” said Mary.Mary said (that) she hadnt heard from her parents those days.4The teacher asked， “How did you
24、 repair it？”The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.5He said ， “Im not going to invite her to the party.”He said (that) he was not going to invite her to the party.将下列间接引语改为直接引语6I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.I said to him， “I have lost my money.I will find it.”7She
25、said that he was washing his car then.She said， “He is washing his car now.”8She asked whether I had gone there by ship or by plane.“Did you come here by ship or by plane？” she asked.9The woman asked him why he had to sleep in the open air.The woman asked him， “Why do you have to sleep in the open a
26、ir？”10Lee said that he joined the League in 1959.Lee said ， “I joined the League in 1959.”.完成句子11He told his mother that if he had enough time，he would go swimming.他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。12He asked us whether Tom had left the day before or that day.他问我们汤姆是昨天还是今天离开的。13He said to me， “I left the book in
27、your room.”他对我说， “我把那本书落在你的房间里了。 ” 14Father asked Peter， “When did you go to bed last night？” 父亲问彼得， “你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？”15My teacher told us yesterday that practice makes perfect.昨天老师告诉我们熟能生巧。能力提升.完形填空Willard Franklin came to my class half a year ago.But from his first day here，he shut himself in his own
28、world and he never 16 to others.As his teacher，I tried to start a talk with him but 17 .It seemed as if he just didnt want to break his 18 .After the Thanksgiving holiday，we received the news of the 19 Christmas collection of money for the 20 in our school.“Christmas is a season of 21 .” I told my s
29、tudents.“Some poor students in our school might not have a 22 holiday.By giving a little money，you will help 23 some toys，food，and clothing for these needy students.We will 24 the collection tomorrow.”The next morning， 25 ，I found out that almost everyone had 26 this matter except Willard Franklin.H
30、e came up to my desk with his head down. 27 ，he dropped two coins into the small box.“I dont need milk for lunch， ” he said in a 28 voice.After school I couldnt help sharing what had 29 in the morning with our headmaster.“I may be wrong，but I 30 Willard might be ready to become a part of our class.”
31、 “I am 31 to hear that， ” he nodded(点头) “And I just received a 32 of the poor families in our school who most need help.Here，take a look at it.”As I sat down to 33 ， I found Willard Franklin was at the top of the list.At that moment，I felt I really 34 Willard for the first time：a cold face with a wa
32、rm heart.From this 35 ，I also learnt that whether rich or poor，every child has a kind heart.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者从自己的经历中认识到：无论是富有还是贫穷，每个孩子都有一颗善良的心。16A.turned BspokeCbelonged Dlistened答案 B解析 根据下文的“I tried to start a talk with him ”推断，Willard Franklin 把自己封闭起来，从来不与别人说话。17A.failed BstoppedCchanged Dsettled答案
33、 A解析 由本句中的 but 可知，本次谈话没能成功。18A.promise BheartCsadness Dconcern答案 D解析 由上文可知 Willard Franklin 从来不与别人说话，作者作为他的老师，想和他谈话但未成功，由此可知他不想打破沉默。19A.daily BweeklyCmonthly Dyearly答案 D解析 作者和学生们收到了圣诞节捐款的消息，而圣诞节是一年一次。20A.young BsickCpoor Dstrong答案 C解析 由下文的“Some poor students in our school”可知，圣诞节捐款项目是为贫穷的学生设置的。21A.gi
34、ving BenjoyingCreceiving Dspending答案 A解析 由下文的“By giving a little money”可知，作者对学生们说：“圣诞节是个给予的季节。 ”22A.free BhappyCpopular Dlong答案 B解析 根据本句中的 poor 及下文 “By giving a little money.for these needy students.”可知，一些贫穷的学生可能不会有一个快乐的圣诞节。23A.find BpackCbuy Dchoose答案 C解析 由 toys，food，clothing，needy students 以及下文 Fr
35、anklin 捐出买牛奶的钱可知，捐款的主要目的就是帮助那些贫困的学生买一些玩具、食物和衣服。24A.share BshowCstart Dcontinue答案 C解析 由下文的叙述可知，圣诞节捐款活动在第二天开始。25A.therefore BhoweverCotherwise Dbesides答案 B解析 由下文可知，事情的发展让人出乎意料，所以 however 符合语境。26A.forgotten BdiscussedClearnt Drealized答案 A解析 由下文可知，只有 Willard Franklin 捐了款，所以这里指其他学生都忘了捐款这件事。27A.Personally
36、 BGratefullyCCertainly DCarefully答案 D解析 由下文的“I dont need milk for lunch”及最后一段中的“I found Willard Franklin was at the top of the list”可知，Willard Franklin 家里非常贫困，但他把自己买牛奶的钱省了出来，因此可推测他小心翼翼地把钱放进募捐箱。28A.smooth BtiredClow Ddeep答案 C解析 由上文可知 Willard Franklin 从来不与别人说话，因此第一次当着全班同学及老师的面说话他非常害羞，声音很小。29A.appeared
37、 BarrivedChappened Dremained答案 C解析 作者把早晨发生的事情(即 Willard Franklin 捐款的行为)告诉了校长。30A.agree BfearCdecide Dbelieve答案 D解析 作者通过这件事看出 Willard Franklin 是一个热心肠的学生，因此认为他很愿意融入这个班级。31A.glad BsorryCsurprised Dlucky答案 A解析 作者告诉校长的是一条好消息，而且校长也点头了，由此可以推断校长听到这个消息应该很高兴。32A.message BreportCresearch Dlist答案 D解析 由下文中的“I fo
38、und Willard Franklin was at the top of the list”可知，此处指一张贫困学生名单。33A.rest BreadCwork Dstudy答案 B解析 通过下文 found 的提示可知，作者坐下来看名单。34A.knew BignoredCsupported Daccepted答案 A解析 通过这次捐款事件，作者对 Willard 有了更多的了解，作者觉得自己第一次真正认识了 Willard。35A.result BexperienceCsurvey Ditem答案 B解析 作者通过捐款这件事，对这个一向沉默寡言的学生有了新的认识。同时作者意识到：无论是
39、富有还是贫穷，每个孩子都有一颗善良的心。experience 符合语境。.语法填空(2019湖南衡阳市八中高一上期末)Reggie was a normal boy，but he had been born deaf.He was well known to everyone in town，and they were all very fond of him.Unfortunately， he always seemed to be treated 36. (different) from everyone else.Reggie didnt like this very much.But
40、the person 37. disliked this most was his friend Michael.Michael decided that things had to change.So he managed to persuade other people in town 38. (choose) one day of the festival for deaf people this year.During that whole day everyone in town would have to wear earplugs(耳塞)The day 39. (call) Th
41、e Day of Silence，and when it arrived everyone stuck plugs in their ears.As the hours passed，people began to realize 40. difficult life was for the deaf.Soon no one was thinking of Reggie as 41. deaf person.42. (use) his usual gestures，Reggie was the one who could communicate best with everyone.They
42、were surprised at his ability to find solutions 43. almost any problems.They realized all Reggie needed was 44. (much) time than others to communicate.That was the only difference.It was on this day 45. everyone realized they have to give people a chance to show how useful they are.语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要
43、讲了 Reggie 天生失聪，别人对待他的方式与其他人有所不同。他的朋友设法说服镇上的其他人选择今年的一天为今年的聋人节。随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到耳聋者的生活是多么的艰难。很快，就没有人把 Reggie 当成一个耳聋者来看待了。36答案 differently解析 考查词性转换。该空修饰动词 treated，用副词，所以填 differently。37答案 who/that解析 考查定语从句。 “ disliked this most”是一个定语从句，the person 是先行词，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，所以填 who/that。38答案 to choose解析 考查非谓语动词。p
44、ersuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事，是固定用法，所以填 to choose。39答案 was called解析 考查时态和语态。整篇文章都用的是一般过去时，所以这里也用一般过去时，The day 与 call 之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以填 was called。40答案 how解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到耳聋者的生活是多么的艰难。 “ difficult life was for the deaf.”是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语表示“多么” ，所以填 how。41答案 a解析 考查冠词。句意为：很快，就没有人把 Reggie 当
45、成一个耳聋者来看待了。此处为泛指一个耳聋者，deaf 的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词 a。42答案 Using解析 考查非谓语动词。use 的逻辑主语是 Reggie，它们之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，所以填 Using。43答案 to解析 考查介词。句意为：他们对他几乎能解决所有问题的能力感到惊讶。find solutions to.找到的解决方案，为固定用法，所以填 to。44答案 more解析 考查比较级。根据“than others to communicate”可判断出这里在进行比较，用比较级，所以填 more。45答案 that解析 考查强调句。把 It was 和该空去掉
46、，这个句子结构完整，语义清晰，所以这是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是：It is/was被强调部分that句子的其他成分，所以填that。.读后续写(2019辽宁沈阳东北育才学校高一上期中)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。It was a warm and sunny morning at the Central Park Zoo.Mary and her classmates were chatting noisily with excitement as their school bus entered the zoo parking lot.Today，Mar
47、y s class was going on a field trip to the zoo to learn more about the animals and their natural habitats.“Before you leave the bus，please make sure you have your partner！” Mrs Brown announced.To make sure no one got lost in the zoo，each student had a companion.Marys companion was named John.John lo
48、ves animals and was also excited to go to the zoo.But sometimes，John does not follow the rules and gets in trouble.Mary hoped that today，John would follow the rules so they would not get in trouble.While the rest of the students got off the bus，Mary and John quickly ran off to explore.They found the exhibits for many different kinds of animals and learned a lot about their natural habitats.They saw