1、Section The Language Points of Reading课时作业( 一) 完形填空Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts _1_ our protective blanket on _2_. Light gets through, and this is essential _3_ plants to make the food wh
2、ich we _4_. Heat, _5_， makes our environment tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the _6_. Cosmic (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come _7_ the air from outer space, but _8_ quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. _9_ men leave the atmosphere they are _10_ to this radiation
3、, _11_ their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, _12_ prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in _13_. Doses of radiation are measured in _14_ called “rem (雷姆)”. We all _15_ radiation here on earth from the sun，from cosmic r
4、ays and from radioactive minerals. The “_16_” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems. It _17_ according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have the reason to think _18_ a man can _19_ far more radiation _20_ 0.1 rem without being damaged. The
5、 figure of 60 rems has been agreed on.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊，那么大气层对此又是如何起作用的呢？人们能承受的安全射线数是多少雷姆呢？1A.for Bwith Con Das答案：D act as “充当，起作用” 。句意：大气层再次对我们起到防护的作用。2A.stars Bsun Cearth Dspace答案：C 由上题可知，大气层起到防护的作用，保护的应该是地球。故选 C 项。3A.with Bfrom Cunder Dfor答案：D be essential for “对来说是首要的/基础的” ，为固定
6、搭配。4A.use Blive Ceat Dget答案：C 由常识可知，植物依靠阳光来生长出我们吃的食物，故选 C 项。5A.again Balso Cbesides Dtoo答案：D also 一般紧跟动词；besides 一般用在句首； too 可用在句中，用逗号隔开。此处指热量也使得我们的生活环境温度适宜。6A.environment Bspace Catmosphere Dearth答案：C 由第 1 空所在的句子可知，地球周围有大气防护层，因此推知这里紫外线穿透大气层。故选 C。7A.across Bto Cfrom Dthrough答案：D 这里的 come through 相当于
7、 penetrate“穿透” 。come across “偶遇” ；come to “来到” ；come from “来自” 。句意：各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。故选 through。8A.valid Benormous Cvarious Dproper答案：B 由空格前 but 表转折和句末的“are screened off (被隔开)”可判断此处表述大量的来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。valid “有效的” ；various “各种各样的” ；proper “合适的” 。enormous “大量的 ”符合文意。9A.As soon as BAs well as CAs much as
8、 DAs possible as答案：A as soon as “一就” 。此处表述人一离开大气层就会接触到射线。故选 A 项。10A.shown Bexposed Cfaced Dcovered答案：B be exposed to “暴露于” ，符合语意。11A.but Bbecause Cso Dso that答案：A 本句前半句的意思：人一离开大气层就会接触到射线；后半句的意思：他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会阻止射线造成的损害。前后应该是转折关系，故用 but。12A.get Bmake Chave Ddo答案：D “do动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。13A.Mars Batmosphere
9、 Cspace Dplanet答案：C 由 Radiation 和 explorers 可推测，应选 space (太空)。句意：射线是探险者在太空中所知的最大危险。14A.pieces Bunits Cparts Dsystems答案：B 此处表述射线的剂量可用“雷姆”这个测量单位来测量，故选B 项。15A.receive Baccept Cbring Dcatch答案：A 由第 16 空所在句子中的“radiation that we receive each year”可知，此处表示受到辐射，故选 A 项。16A.conventional Bcommon Cgeneral Dnormal
10、答案：D 此处表述我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为 2 毫雷姆。故选normal。17A.puzzles Bfloats Ccombines Dchanges答案：D 由句意“所处地点不同，所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样 ”可确定答案为 D 项。18A.what Bwhich Cthat Dwhy答案：C 本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词，而从句不缺少成分和语意，故选择 that。19A.put up with Bkeep up with Ccome up with Dcatch up with答案：A 此处表述人类可承受的辐射量。put up with “忍受” ，符合语境。20A.from B
11、than Cas Daway答案：B 由前面的“more” 和后一句中的“The figure of 60 rems”可知，应选than，表示“ 远超 0.1 雷姆的辐射量” 。 阅读理解AEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathe
12、matical problem. He could not figure it out . Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.P1However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem，but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He
13、 told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit.
14、Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same
15、 comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction W1 W2of what comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction
16、 could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halleys comet, in his honorp2.1Halley made his discovery _.Aby doing experimentsBby means of his own careful observationCby using the work of
17、other scientistsDby chance答案：C 细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句及第三段第二、三、四句“He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.”可知应选 C。2Halley made a surprising，but corr
18、ect prediction in the year _.A1704 B1705 C1706 D1707答案：B 细节理解题。由第五段第三、四句“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.”可知，他预言彗星出现的时间是 1758 年，而这个预言还要经过53 年才能验证，由此可以计算出哈雷得出这个预言的时间是 1705 年。3This passage in general is about
19、 _.AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a cometCNewton and HalleyDHalley and his discovery答案：D 主旨大意题。文章的中心大意就是哈雷以及他的发现。4What can we infer from the text?AEdmund Halley was an American scientist.BHalley made his discovery by doing experiments.CNewton was a famous mathematician.DThe orbit of a com
20、et had the shape of a circle.答案：C 推理判断题。从文章首句可知 A 项错误；从第 1 题的分析中可知 B 项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除 D。W重 点 单 词1astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的2prediction n. 预言P重 点 短 语1figure out 解决；计算出2in sb.s honor 向某人致敬B“Hello, Earth! Can you hear me？” Thats the voice more than 400,000 people received recently. It was from Phi
21、lae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions (传送信号) back home went silent since then.It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and P1reach comet 67P/CG. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe (探测器), which has been circling
22、 around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014.Philaes job was to collect materials to study the comets composition . W1And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that, sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philaes landing on the comets icy su
23、rface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the P2shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end, it failed to work.However, as comet 67P/CG moved closer to the sun, more sunlight reac
24、hed the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta, which passed on the information back to Earth.“We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but thats enough to let us know it is alive and well， ” says Stephan Ulamec, who works for
25、 the European Space Agency.“We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4kilometerwide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions .”W25Hearing Philaes voice， those people must have felt _.Aafraid Bcalm Cexcited Dworried答案
26、：C 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Philae . landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions (传送信号) back home went silent since then.”可知，Philae 于 2014 年着陆彗星后就失联了，所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋，故选 C 项。6According to the text, Philae _.Awas damaged when it landedBmoved around comet 67P/CGCneeds light and gas to keep workingD
27、helps scientists learn about a comet答案：D 细节理解题。由第三段首句“Philaes job was to collect materials to study the comets composition.”可知，Philae 的任务是帮助科学家了解一颗彗星的相关情况，故选 D 项。7What Stephan says in the text suggests that _.ARosetta will move around another cometB Philae will continue to work for scientistsC most
28、comets are as wide as four kilometersDhe wonders whether Philae is still alive答案：B 细节理解题。由最后一段尾句“Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions.”可知，Philae 将会继续为科学家们服务，故选 B 项。8What does the author mainly talk about in the text?AA sleeping s
29、pace vehicle wakes up.BIt is very dangerous to travel in space.CA new comet was discovered recently.DPhilae was sent into space successfully.答案：A 主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章主要介绍了彗星着陆器 Philae的一些情况。它在“沉睡”了好久之后“醒”了过来，并向地球发出了信息。W重 点 单 词1composition n. 成分；构成 2.instruction n. 命令；指示P重 点 短 语1make ones way 行进；前进2end up
30、最终处于 ，以 而告终 七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If something that youre doing doesnt challenge you, then it doesnt change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all. _1_ So challenge the following limits：1Figure out what you are scared of and do it continuously.If you are a
31、salesman, and youre scared of talking to people personally or over the phone, now, instead of being scared and thinking you will fail, spend at least five minutes a day picking up the phone and making a call. _2_ But dont stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eyes and say, “
32、Go on, Im not scared！”2Take a class for a hobby youve been wanting to develop.Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. _3_ Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra incom
33、e.3Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise._4_ A simple 9minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight, but also make you feel better about yourself.4_5_Dont just limit yourself to your fellow traveler
34、stry to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people theyre going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.AYou should do it continuously.BYou dont need to go to the gym.CSomeone may make you dis
35、turbed.DRunning in the gym may be a better choice.ESome examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on.FTravel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.GYou can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.1G 本段第一句“If something that youre doing doesnt challenge you, th
36、en it doesnt change you.”便告知，如果你做的事没有挑战，你就不会改变。G 项(如果你待在舒适区，那么你永远不会有进步。)顺承了文意，故选 G。2C 本段在讲与人交流，根据空格后一句“But dont stop on the first try！(但别停止在第一次上！)”推断，上文指可能遇到了不好的人或事，故 C项(有人可能让你心烦。) 引起下文，符合语境。故选 C。3E 由标题可知，该段在讲报兴趣培训班，下文内容陈述如何进行选择，E 项列举了兴趣班的类型，符合语境，故选 E。4B 根据空格后一句“A simple 9minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself.(在你住的街区一个简单的 9 分钟跑步就能为你自己产生神奇的作用。)”可知，B 项(你不必去体育馆。)引起下文，符合本段意思，故选 B。5F 根据最后一段中的“You never know what kind of people theyre going to be. Get out of your house or go online . ”可推知，作者鼓励出去见识更多的人，故选 F。