1、Period Five Grammar Introduction to attributive clauses感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题1I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.2I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.3We have a car park for both our visitors and our students who drive.4The boy whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.5We watched t
2、he play “Teahouse” which was written by Lao She.6The film which I watched yesterday is very moving.7The teacher that we met yesterday will give us a talk.1句 1 中的黑体词在从句中作定语。2句 2、4、6、7 中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。3句 3、5 中的黑体词在从句中作主语。一、定语从句的定义在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句为定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 先 行 词 ， 可 以 代 表 人 、 物 或 者 全 句 。 引
3、 导 定 语 从 句 的 词 叫 关 系 词 ， 包 括 关 系 代 词 和 关系 副 词。关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that，as。关系副词：when，where，why。关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分。例如：This is the book that my father bought me yesterday.这就是我父亲昨天给我买的那本书。(that my father bought me yesterday 是定语从句；the book 是先行词；关系代词 that 指代先行词 the book，在定语从句中作 bought 的宾语。)The time
4、 when he arrives is unknown.他到达的时间还不知道。(when he arrives 是定语从句； the time 是先行词，关系副词 when在从句中作时间状语。)二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1指人的关系代词 who，whom，whose ，that 的用法(1)作主语(who，that) 。例如：The man who/that is talking with Mr Wang is a famous doctor.正在和王先生说话的那个人
5、是一位有名的医生。(2)作宾语(who，whom，that)。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。例如：He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(3)作定语(whose)。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那 个 人 的 车 坏 了 ， 大 家 都 跑 过 去 帮 忙。2指物的关系代词 which，whose 和 that 的用法that 既可指物又可指人，which 指物，它们在从句中作主语或宾语；whose 既可指物又可指人，在从句
6、中作定语。which 和 that 在从句中作宾语时常可省略。(1)作主语。例如：The money that/which is in the wallet is mine.这个钱包里的钱是我的。(2)作宾语。例如：The chair (which/that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。(3)作定语(whose)。例如：The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old.(whose roofof which the roof/the
7、 roof of which)那座屋顶需要修理的房子才建了三年。3只用 that，不用 which 的情况(1)当先行词为 all，anything，everything ，nothing，much，little，few，none，the one 等不定代词或被 any，no，the only，the very(恰好的)，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用 that。但注意，先行词为 something 时，用 that 或 which 皆可。例如：There are few books that you can read in this bookstore.这家书店几乎没有什么你可以读
8、的书。He is the only person that understands me.他是唯一理解我的人。This is the very question that came up at the meeting.这正是开会时提出的问题。All that should be done has been done.该做的一切都做了。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li has said?你记下李先生所说的一切了吗？(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词的前面有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只能用 that。例如：This is the bes
9、t film that has been shown this year.这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。(3)当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用 that。例如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about？ 你 知 道 他 们 正 在 谈 论 的 人 和 事 吗？.用适当的关系代词填空1 The government started a soiltesting program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.(2018全国
10、)2 Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries.(2018浙江)3The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京)4But Sarah， who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well
11、as beauty.(2017全国)5I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京)6A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山东 )7Among the many dangers which/that sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.(2014江西)8Please
12、 send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陕西)9The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014安徽)10The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected.(2013福建).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )
13、1In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden， is on the thatwhichrooftop of their house.(2017全国，短文改错)2Around me in the picture are the things were very important in my life at that theywhich/thattime：car magazines and musical instruments.(2017全国，短文改错)3The dishes 或
14、what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川，短文改错)whatthat/which4Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012大纲全国，短文改错) .单句语法填空1This is the town which/that we visited last year.2She is the teacher who/that
15、 teaches us Chinese.3This is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.4All the people that are present burst into tears.5They were talking about the persons and things that they could remember in their former school.6Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the country?7 “God，
16、please dont let anything happen today that I cant do with！” the man begged.8The Great Wall is the place which/that almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.9Mr Zhao whom/who/that you met yesterday is my friend.10Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a mobile phone whose fu
17、nctions are more practical.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11The reason why 或 she explained at the meeting for her carelessness in her work whythat/whichseemed reasonable.12I dont like the way 或 which 或 he speaks to his mother. in whichthat13A letter that 或 written in pencil is difficult to read. is14The classroo
18、m door is broken will soon be repaired.whichwhose15Those want to go to the computer room will have to change their shoes here. who基础巩固.用适当的关系代词填空1There is a mountain whose top is always covered with snow.2Is this the city that/which you visited last year?3A plane is a machine that/which can fly.4Tho
19、se who have good manners will be highly respected.5I have never regretted the decision that/which I made years ago.6Could you tell me the person from whom you borrowed this book?7A man who/that really knows how to learn will always be successful.8Body language is the best way that helps you communic
20、ate smoothly.9In this factory，I found little that was different from ours.10You can take any seat that is not taken.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11This is the last place 或 which I want to visit.whichthat12Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.whichthat13Do you know the pro
21、fessor will give us a speech next week?whomwho/that14The soldier legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay.hiswhose15Those want to go please sign your names here.thatwho.用定语从句合并下列句子16This is the book.I want to read it.This is the book (that/which) I want to read.17The boy is Tom.The boy
22、is studying in the classroom.The boy who/that is studying in the classroom is Tom.18This is the girl.I met the girl in the street.This is the girl (who/whom/that) I met in the street.19I have read the book.I like its characters very much.I have read the book whose characters/the characters of which/
23、of which the characters I like very much.20Who is the girl？The girl was praised at the meeting.Who is the girl that was praised at the meeting?能力提升.阅读理解AWhat a day！I started at my new school this morning and had the best time.I made lots of new friends and really liked my teachers.I was nervous the
24、night before，but I had no reason to be.Everyone was so friendly and polite.They made me feel at ease.It was like Id been at the school for a hundred years!The day started very early at 700 am.I had my breakfast downstairs with my mom.She could tell that I was very nervous.Mom kept asking me what was
25、 wrong.She told me I had nothing to worry about and that everyone was going to love me.If they didnt love me，Mom said to send them her way for a good talking to.I couldnt stop laughing.My mom dropped me off at the school gate about five minutes before the bell.A little blonde(金发的) girl got dropped o
26、ff at the same time and started waving(招手) at me.She ran over and told me her name was Abigail.She was very nice and we became close straight away.We spent all morning together and began to talk to another girl called Stacey.The three of us sat together in class all day and we even made our way home
27、 together！It went so quickly.Our teacher told us that tomorrow we would really start learning and developing new skills.I cannot wait until tomorrow and feel as though I am really going to enjoy my time at my new school.I only hope that my new friends feel the same way too.语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 一 篇 记 叙 文 。作
28、 者 在 文 中 主 要 描 述 了 自 己 新 学 期 第 一 天 的 经 历 。21How did the author feel the night before her new school?ATired. BExcited.CWorried. DRelaxed.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据首段中的“I was nervous the night before”可知，作者在开学前夕感到紧张不安。22What did the author think of her mothers advice?AClear. BFunny.CReasonable. DExcellent.答案 B解析
29、细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mom said to send them her way for a good talking to.I couldnt stop laughing.”可知，作者觉得妈妈说的话很好笑。23What happened on the authors first day of school?AShe met many nice people.BShe had a hurried breakfast.CShe learned some new skills.DShe arrived at school very early.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据首段中的“I ma
30、de lots of new friends and really liked my teachers.”和“Everyone was so friendly and polite.They made me feel at ease.”以及下文作者详细介绍自己遇到的朋友可知，作者在开学第一天遇到了很多友好亲切的人。24What can we infer about Abigail?AShe disliked Stacey.BShe was shy and quiet.CShe got on well with the author.DShe was an old friend of the a
31、uthor.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“She was very nice and we became close straight away.We spent all morning together”和“we even made our way home together”可知，Abigail 和作者相处得非常好。BSome people learn a second language easily.Others have trouble learning a new language.How can you help yourself learn a new langu
32、age，such as English? There are several ways to make learning English a little easier and more interesting.The first step is to feel positive about learning English.If you believe that you can learn，you will learn.Be patient.You do not have to understand everything all at once.It is natural to make m
33、istakes when you learn something new.We can learn from our mistakes.In other words，do not worry about taking risks(风险)The second step is to practice your English.For example，write a diary every day.You will get used to writing it in English，and you will feel comfortable expressing your ideas in Engl
34、ish.Several weeks later，you will see that your writing is improving.In addition，you must speak English every day.You can practice with your classmates outside class.You will make mistakes，but gradually you will become comfortable communicating in English.The third step is to keep a record of your la
35、nguage learning.You can write this in your journal.After each class，think about what you did.Did you answer a question correctly? Did you understand something the teacher explained？Perhaps the lesson was difficult，but you tried to understand it.You must be positive about learning English and believe
36、 that you can do it.It is important to practice every day and make a record of your achievements.You will enjoy learning English，and you will feel more confident in yourself.语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 关 于 学 习 英 语 的 几 条 建 议 。25To feel positive about learning English means “ ”Aif you are patient，you will learnBif
37、you believe you can learn，you will learnCif you keep a record，you can improveDif you make mistakes ，you can learn from your mistakes答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The first step is to feel positive about learning English.If you believe that you can learn，you will learn.”可知，B 项为正确答案。26According to the passage，
38、what is not helpful for you to enjoy learning English?ATo communicate in English.BTo worry about taking risks.CTo make a record of the achievements.DTo think about what has been done after each class.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We can learn from our mistakes.In other words，do not worry about taking risks(风
39、险) ”可知答案。27What does the underlined word “journal” in Paragraph 4 mean?ADiary. BComposition.CMagazine. DNewspaper.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上一句“The third step is to keep a record of your language learning.”及第三段中的“write a diary every day”可知，此处句意为：你可以把这些写在你的日记里。故选 A。28What is the main idea of this passage?AIt
40、 is very important to learn a second language.BSome people learn a second language easily while others do not.CDont worry about making mistakes when learning a second language.DAdvice for people who learn English.答案 D解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“There are several ways to make learning English a little easier an
41、d more interesting.”以及下文的介绍可知，本文是关于学习英语的建议。故选 D。.七选五When I was 16 years old，a boy gave me an important gift. 29 It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school，and my old school was far away. 30 I was very lonely，and afraid to make friends with anyone.Every time I listened to other
42、students talking and laughing，I felt my heart broken.I couldnt talk with anyone about my problems.And I didnt want my parents to worry about me.Then one day，my classmates talked happily with their friends，but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. 31 I didnt know who he was.He passed me and then turne
43、d back.He looked at me，with a smile on his face.Suddenly，I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.It made me feel happy，lively and warm.32 I started to talk with other students and made friends.Day by day，I became closer to everyone in my class.The boy with the lucky smile has become my bes
44、t friend now!33 I believe that the world is what you think it is.If you think it lonely，you might always be alone.So smile at the world and it will smile back.AAt that moment，a boy entered the classroom.BHe s living in Australia now and he loves it.CIt doesnt matter because all the dark days have go
45、ne.DIt was a smile.EThat smile changed my life.FIt s practically impossible to make friends here.GAs a result， no one knew who I was.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者来到一所陌生的学校，孤单而无助，但一个男孩的微笑改变了一切。29答案 D解析 由设空处前一句“一个男孩给了我一个重要的礼物”可知，该空应说明是什么礼物，再根据倒数第二段最后一句“The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now！
46、”可知选 D 项。30答案 G解析 由设空处前一句“这是我上初中的第一年，离我原来的学校很远”可知，G 项“因此，没有人认识我”符合语境。31答案 A解析 由设空处后面的“我不认识他。他从我身边走过转过身来”可知 A 项“这时一个男孩走进了教室”符合语境。32答案 E解析 由第四段最后一句中的 a smile 和设空处后一句“我开始与其他学生交谈并成为朋友 ”可推知，男孩的微笑改变了“我”的生活，故 E 项正确。33答案 C解析 由设空处后面的内容“我相信世界正如你所认为的那样。如果你认为它孤独，你就可能永远孤独。如果你向它微笑，它也会朝你微笑”可知，作者现在的心态很阳光，很积极，他认为所有黑
47、暗的日子都过去了。故选 C。.短文改错Last week，my friend asked me to visit her hometown for her.She told me that my hometown was very beautiful，so I asked for my parents permit and they agreed.We decide to stay for a week.Leave home for the first time made me so happily.I was like a bird flying in the sky，breathed th
48、e free air.But when fourth day came，I started to miss my parents，especially when night came.The darkness made me to feel lonely.I just wanted to be with my parents.Until then did I realize home is sweet.My parents are the more adorable persons in the world.Getting home feels so good!答案Last week，my friend asked me to visit her hometown her.She told me that forwith myherhometown was very beautiful，so I asked for my parents and they agreed.We permitpermissionto stay for a week. home for the first time made me so .I was like a bird decidedecided LeaveLeaving happilyhappyflying in the sky，