1、Period Five GrammarPast perfect tense & Present perfect or past perfect?感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1.By the 1920s，he had become an explorer，searching for the tombs of the Egyptian kings.2.Upon their entering the tomb，Carters lucky pet bird，which he had left in Cairo，was swallowed by a snake.3.Then， a few mont
2、hs after Cater had opened the tomb，Lord Carnarvon，who was also present when the tomb was opened，fell ill with a fever and died in Egypt.以上各句时态为过去完成时，其谓语构成为：had过去分词。该时态表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去” 。一、过去完成时的用法过去完成时由“had过去分词”构成，其用法较复杂，在使用过程中应特别注意以下几个方面：1.过去完成时可用来表示：(1)过去某一时刻或动作以前已完成的动作或存在的状态。The play
3、 had already been on when we got to the theatre.我们到达剧院时戏已经开演了。(2)某些动词的过去完成时表示过去未实现的计划或愿望。常用的这类动词有：hope，expect，suppose，think，want ，intend ，mean ，plan 等。I had thought that we were going to be invited to dinner.我本来以为我们会被邀请去吃饭的。2.过去完成时中的“过去时间”可由下列结构表示：(1)after，before ，by，until 等构成的介词短语。(2)after，as soon
4、as，before，since，when，until 等引导的时间状语从句。(3)already，yet，ever ，before，never 等副词(作状语) 。I recognized the man at once，because I had seen him before.我一下子就认出了这个人，因为我以前见过他。She didnt go to bed until her son had finished his homework.直到她儿子写完家庭作业她才去睡觉。When I called on her，she had been ill for two weeks.我去看她时，她已生
5、病两个星期了。3.在含有 as soon as，after ， before，when，until 等表示过去时态的复合句中，若主、从句动作不同时发生，先发生的就用过去完成时；若一个动作紧接着另一个动作发生或两个动作几乎同时发生，则皆用一般过去时。He died before I had (had) a chance to speak to him.我还没来得及跟他说话，他就死了。4.在“It was the first/second.time从句”结构中，从句必须使用过去完成时。It was the first time he had come to China.这是他第一次来中国。5.在
6、hardly/scarcely/rarely.when.和 no sooner.than.等结构中，主句使用过去完成时。I had hardly got into the car when I heard a man call my name.我刚跨进车子就听见有一名男子叫我的名字。She had no sooner seen her lost child than she began to cry.她一见到她那走失的孩子就哭了起来。6.在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的定语从句中，用过去完成时。But the finger I put into my mouth was not the one
7、 I had dipped into the cup.但是我放进嘴里的手指并不是我在杯子里蘸了一下的那个手指。7.在时间、条件状语从句中，用过去完成时代替过去将来完成时。I knew she would wait long at the school gate until the class had finished.我知道她将在校门口等很长时间直到下课。二、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别1.现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况。The car has arrived.车已经来了。Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。2.过去完
8、成时表示“过去的过去” ，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准。How long had Mr Wang taught in the middle school before he came here?王老师来这里之前，在中学教了多长时间？The machine went much better after it had been oiled.上过油之后机器运转得好多了。.用所给词的正确形式填空1.Since 2011，the country has grown(grow) more corn than rice.(2018全国)2.In the 1
9、950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones hadnt been invented(not，invent) yet.(2017北京)3.When walking down the street，I came across David， whom I hadnt seen(not，see) for years.(2016天津)4.Silk had become(become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by a
10、bout 100 BC.(2016浙江)5.Did you have difficulty finding Anns house?Not really.She had given(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.(2015北京)6.Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I had left(leave) my book in the cafe.(2015安徽)7.I found the lecture hard to follow because it h
11、ad started(start) when I arrived.(2014北京)8.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we had expected(expect).(2014山东)9.During his stay in Xian，Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends had recommended(recommend).(2014陕西).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )1.It was Monday morning，a
12、nd the writing class had just .(2018全国，短文改错)beginbegun2.I grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years.hadhave(2017全国，短文改错)3.She said it was the best gift she ever had.(2010大纲全国，短文改错)hashad4.In fact，there were four tickets on the seat.Someone placed another pair of tickets on to
13、p of hashadthem！(2008陕西，短文改错).用所给词的正确形式填空1.There had been(be) 25 parks in our city up till 2016.2.A quarrel didnt break out as he had expected(expect).3.That was the second time that she had seen(see) her grandfather.4.I had intended(intend) to see you but I was too busy.5.Every means has been tried
14、(try) to solve the problem since last week.6.She said she had seen(see) the film before.7.No sooner had I gone(go) out than he came to see me.8.When I got back to the shop，my bag had been taken(take) away by someone else.9.By the end of last week，I had read(read) three books.10.Why havent you asked
15、her to come here?She was doing an important experiment when I found her and she hasnt finished(not，finish) it.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11.By the time I got outside，the bus already left.hashad12.Scarcely Rosa heard the news when she burst into tears. had13.I didnt ask for the name list.Why it landed on my d
16、esk?hadhas14.He insisted that he stolen the bike and therefore shouldnt be punished.hasnthadnt15.I been there more than a week before I set to work with the scientist.havehad基础巩固.用所给词的正确形式填空1.Last night I had a great dinner at my friends house.It was the first time I had had(have) a real British din
17、ner.2.The twins，who had finished(finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton in the playground.3.The moment I got home，I found I had left(leave) my jacket in the playground.4.Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement has been reached(reach) so far by the two sides.5.Hardly had the
18、speaker finished(finish) his speech when the audience kept asking him questions.6.She stared at the painting，wondering where she had seen(see) it before.7.When residents learned on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers trapped underground had survived(survive)，they burst into tears.8.Danny has w
19、orked(work) hard for a long time to realize his dream and now he is popular.9.When Rose returned home， she found that her computer had been removed(remove) and she was very confused.10.I had planned(plan) to go out for a walk after supper， but someone called by and I couldnt get away.完成句子11.By the t
20、ime he was six years old，the boy had shown a desire to be an actor.这个男孩六岁时就表现出想当演员的愿望。12.Not until he got to the office did Martin realize he had left his glasses in the dormitory.直到到了办公室，马丁才意识到他把眼镜落在宿舍里了。13.Her son forgot what he had said，and still spent most of his time playing computer games.她儿子忘
21、了他说过的话，仍把大部分时间花在玩电脑游戏上。14.All the guests had arrived by 9 oclock，but the host didnt show up until half an hour later.所有客人 9 点前都到了，但主人半小时后才露面。15.Upon hearing the news that I had been allowed to take part in the activity，I informed my mum of the news.一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就告诉了我的母亲。16.Anna didnt come to Ja
22、cks birthday party just because she hadnt been invited.安娜没有来杰克的生日聚会，只是因为她没有被邀请。17.In the last few years，China has made great achievements in environmental protection.在最近的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。18.She had finished her homework before she paid a visit to her grandmother.在去看望外婆之前，她已经完成了她的家庭作业。能力提升.阅读理
23、解A(2019江西九江一中高一上期末) A mother goat is able to pick out her own baby from its voice alone by the time the kid is just five days old.Researchers from University of London played kidsbleats to female goats and studied their responses.They were surprised to find that the animals were able to pick out the
24、ir own kids voices.“A mother and the kid rely a lot on smell to recognize one another and，in the wild，during the first week of their lives，the animals hide in grass and dont call much.Its a strategy they use to avoid enemies， ” Dr Elodie Briefer， who led the research，explained to BBC News.“The mothe
25、r calls to the kids when she wants them to come and feed，so we expected that kids would recognize the mothers voices.” In fact，this is the case for deer，which also use this hiding strategy，although they do not belong to the same family of species as goats.She and her team recorded and played back yo
26、ung kids calls to the female goats and recorded their responses.She explained， “Even when the calls came from kids that are five to six days old，we could see the mothers responding more to the voices of their own babies.” Hearing the voice of their own kids， the females would look towards the speake
27、r that the sound was coming from，moving around and calling in response.The scientists say that understanding how goats behave and communicate is very important.“This helps us understand just how smart these animals are， ” said Dr Briefer.“Farmers might be able to change their way to raise goats cons
28、idering this natural behaviour.”语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了母山羊能够从小山羊宝宝发出的叫声中分辨出自己的孩子。19.What does the underlined word “bleats” mean?A.Habits. B.Voices.C.Responses. D.Videos.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。由第二段“Researchers from University of London played kids bleats to female goats and studied their responses.They were surpri
29、sed to find that the animals were able to pick out their own kids voices.”可知， 来自伦敦大学的研究人员对母山羊播放小羊的叫声，并研究它们的反应。他们惊讶地发现，这些动物能够分辨出自己孩子的声音。所以画线单词“bleats”是 voices“声音”的意思。故 B 选项正确。20.During the first few days of the baby deer，the mother and the kid mainly depend on to recognize each other when they are hi
30、ding in grass.A.voice B.touchC.videos D.smell答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第三段中的“A mother and the kid rely a lot on smell to recognize one another and，in the wild，during the first week of their lives.In fact，this is the case for deer.”可知，在小羊出生的第一周，在野外时，羊妈妈和小羊依靠气味来识别彼此。事实上鹿也是这种情况。所以在小鹿出生后的几天内，母鹿和小鹿躲在草丛里，主要靠气味来辨认对方。故
31、 D 选项正确。21.In the experiment，what does a mother goat do when hearing her kids voice?A.Making voice in response.B.Jumping over and over.C.Hiding herself somewhere.D.Behaving just as usual.答案 A解析 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“Hearing the voice of their own kids，the females would look towards the speaker that the sou
32、nd was coming from，moving around and calling in response.”可 知 ， 听 到 自 己 孩 子 的 声 音 时 ， 母 羊 会 看 向 发 出 声 音 的 扬 声 器 ， 四 处 走 动 ， 并 以叫 声 做 出 回 应 。 所 以 在 实 验 中 ， 母 羊 在 听 到 自 己 孩 子 的 声 音 时 ， 会 以 声 音 回 应 。 故 A 选 项 正确。22.The passage is mainly written for to read.A.teachers B.writersC.farmers D.lawyers答案 C解析 读
33、者对象题。由最后一段最后一句“Farmers might be able to change their way to raise goats considering this natural behaviour.”可知，考虑到羊的这种自然行为，农民也许可以改变他们养羊的方式。所以判断出，这篇短文主要是写给农民，供他们阅读的。故 C 选项正确。BElizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired，al
34、ong with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as “Mumbet” or “Mum Bett”.For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day，Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Angry，she left
35、the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Thcodore Sedgewick.With his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said tha
36、t all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually，Mumbet won her freedomthe first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and
37、instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbets tombstone still stands in th
38、e Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads，in part： “She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”语篇解读 本文讲述了美国历史上一位勇于追求自由的女性黑奴伊丽莎白弗里曼的故事。她生来就是奴隶，过了近三十年的奴隶生活。虽然她既不会读书，也不会写字，但是她的贡献却无与伦
39、比。23.What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A.She was born a slave.B.She was a slaveholder.C.She had a famous sister.D.She was born into a rich family.答案 A解析 细节理解题。由第一段第一句以及最后一段引文中的“She was born a slave”可知，她是奴隶出身。24.Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A.She found an employer.B.Sh
40、e wanted to be a lawyer.C.She was hit and got angry.D.She had to take care of her sister.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三、四句可知，被打后她非常生气，所以离开了阿什利家。25.What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?A.She should always obey her owners orders.B.She should be as free and equal as whites.C.How to
41、 be a good servant.D.How to apply for a job.答案 B解析 推理判断题。由第三段第二句“If the constitution said that all people were free and equal.apply to her.”可知，她从新的宪法中得知黑人应该和白人一样享有自由、平等的权利。26.What is the text mainly about?A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C.T
42、he life of a brave African American woman.D.A trial that shocked the whole world.答案 C解析 主旨大意题。本文讲述了一位非裔美国黑人伊丽莎白弗里曼勇敢追求自由的故事，故 C 项最能概括本篇文章的大意。.七选五(2019黑龙江双鸭山一中高一期末)Ways to say “Happy birthday to me”Tomorrow is my birthday，and Im at an age when not everyone looks forward to cakes and presents.27 It al
43、ways makes me feel excited to be alive and grateful for my life and my family.So I think even if your birthday is a regular old day at work or home，there are some easy ways to raise it to the special occasion.Give a gift to someone else. 28 While everyone loves to open a birthday present，there is a
44、lot of joy and goodness to be gained from being generous with others.Making a birthday donation(捐赠) to a charity means something to you. 29 Try something new.Today is new to us.Why not enjoy the newness of the moment？Dip your tones into some new waters，sign up for an adult education class，go for a n
45、ew-to-you park or plan a new trip. 30 31 Whether or not you have the opportunity to share a meal，outing or party with friends and family，please take time on your birthday to connect with people who are important to your life， if you use social media like phones，you are likely filled with well-wishes
46、 from loved ones.Use these as a jumping off point to start new conversations and reconnect with people who lift your spirits and support you in your journey towards being your best self.A.I love my birthday，though.B.Its better to give than to receive.C.Connect with people who matter to you.D.This ye
47、ar my birthday is on a Saturday.E.Freshen up yourself with countless opportunities.F.One choice is to donate a dollar amount to match your age.G.Downloading an app to learn a new language is also a good choice.语 篇 解 读 本 文 属 于 生 活 哲 理 性 文 章 ，作 者 向 我 们 介 绍 了 几 种 庆 祝 自 己 生 日 的 方 式 。27.答案 A解析 根据上文可知，作者已
48、不是期盼生日蛋糕和礼物的年纪了，后句“It always makes me feel excited to be alive and grateful for my life and my family.”说明了生日对于作者的意义。由此可判断虽然生日不是期待东西，但作者还是喜欢它。故选 A。28.答案 B解析 本段主要讲述有关给予和奉献的。根据前句“Give a gift to someone else.”和后句“While everyone loves to open a birthday present，there is a lot of joy and goodness to be ga
49、ined from being generous with others.”并结合选项可知 B 项(给予胜过获得)符合语境。29.答案 F解析 根据前句“Making a birthday donation(捐赠) to a charity means something to you.”可知 F 项符合此处语境。30.答案 G解析 本段的主题句是“Try something new.”分析选项可知 G 项与尝试新事物有关，故选G。31.答案 C解析 本段主要叙述在生日那天要抽出时间与那些对你很重要的人保持联系。观察备选项可知，C 项“Connect with people who matter to you.”符合本段主旨，故选 C。.短文改错(2019江西南昌二中高一上期末)I have a classmate named Angel，who is a lovely and bright girl.She is popular from all t