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中考英语培优(含解析)之动词时态

1、聚焦考点温习理解英语中的时态指的是是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。【知识要点】 英语动词有十六种时态,但初中阶段常用的有八种,即:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。动词的时态不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来表达,这就是动词的时态。英语动词有十六种时态,但初中阶段常用的有八种,即:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 (一)一般现在时I.构成形式:am / is / are 或实义动词的原形(主语是

2、第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式)II.常用时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day 等。III.一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作。来源:She visits her parents every day.2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that

3、 the earth is round4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.5)用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的。The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. IV.考查热点:如果主句为 一般将来时,由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句和 when, until

4、, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。(二)一般过去时I.构成形式:动词的过去式II.常用时间状语:. ago, last week, yesterday, just now, in 1988 等。III.一般过去时的基本用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或 情况。 I worked in that factory last year. IV.一般过去时的特殊用法在虚拟语气中表示与现在事实相反的动作或状态。I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻 20 岁。在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。Might I

5、come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你,好吗?V.注意事项: 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago 等,绝对不可与 recently, in the past 10 years, this month 等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系。 used to do 的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do 都对。Used

6、 to do 经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth 结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经“,要求加动词原形;后者表示“习惯于“,要求加名词或动名词。(三)一般将来时I.构成形式:“will(用于任何人称) / shall (用于第一人称) + 动词原形”或“am / is /are going to + 动词原形 ”或“am / is /are + 动词的-ing 形式”II.常用时 间状语:tomorrow, next month, in two days, soon 等。III.一般将来时的用法1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如: I shall attend th

7、e meeting tomorrow. 2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.3)表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺, 命令等时常用will,征求对方意见,主语是第一称时,常用shall。I will do my best to catch up with them. Shall I open the door?4) be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5) be + 动词不定式

8、。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。 We are to meet the guests at the station. 6) be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。 They are about to leave.注意:shall 用于第一人称,常被 will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first?Will you be at home at s even this evening?be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的

9、时间状语连用。IV.考查热点: there be 结构的一般将来时为 there will be / there is going to be。(四)现在进行时I.构成形式:am / is / are + 动词的-ing 形式II.时间状语及提示语:now, these days, at this moment, Listen! Look! 等。III.现在进行时的用法 1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作, 它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now? I am looking f or my k

10、ey. 2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行) 。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3) 某些动词的现在 进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow. IV. 有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be, have 表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wi

11、sh, prefer等。(五)过去进行时I.构成形式:was / were + 动词的 -ing 形式II.常用时间状语:at that time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when + 从句(动词为过去式)等。III.过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如:I was watching TV when she came to see me. IV. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的

12、过去事实, They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知)They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了,动作已经完成)(六)现在完成时I.构成形式:have / has + 动词的过去分词II.常用时间状语及提示词:“for + 段时间”, “since + 点时间 / 从句” ,already, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, so far, ever since 等。III.现在完成时的用法 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的

13、动作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. IV.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过

14、去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较:I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。 )V瞬间动词与延续性动词1)瞬间动词表示短暂。不能持续一段时间的动作,如:come, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。2)持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作,如:work, stay, live, learn, read, write, wait 等3)瞬间动词用于完成时表示动作的完成

15、。She has already bought a dictionary. 她已经买了一本字典。4)瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。但是瞬间动词的否定结构可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间She often goes on business. But she hasnt left Shenyang for a month./since a month ago.5)现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下:closebe closed, put

16、onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost , marrybe married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep ( sleep ) , get to know know come/arrivebe here/in , come/get backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be , borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on , diebe dead , joinbe in/be

17、a member of , catch a cold have a cold VI.have/has been in / to 与 have/has gone to 的区别“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(在途中或已到目的地,还未回来) ”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。 “have/has been in + 地点”表示 “在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。 “have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(说明有某种经历,但现在已不在那儿) 。 ”She has been to Canada. 她去过加拿大。She has gone to

18、 Canada. 她去加拿大了。VII.考查热点:for 与 since 的转换;already 常用在肯定句中,yet 常用在否定句和疑问句中;短暂性动词 不能与表示段时间的状语连用。(七)过去完成时I构成形式: had + 动词的过去分词II. 常用时间状语:by the time / when / before + 从句(动词为过去式), by the end of last year (week, month .) 等。III.过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作,也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时为止的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。 By the e

19、nd of last term they had learned about twenty English songs. The film had already begun when we got there. IV.注意 before 与 ago 的用法有区别。before 表示“距过去某时以前”,即过去的过去,用于过去完成时;ago 表示“距今以前”,即从现在起的过去,用于一般过去时。 (八)过去将来时I. 构 成形式:“would + 动词原形”或“was / were + going to + 动词原形”II.常用时间状语:the next day (morning, year.),

20、 the following month (week .) 等。III .过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态,过去将来时较多地 被运用在宾语从句中。例:They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I would see him off at the station.IV.考查热点:在含有宾语从句的复合句中,主句为一般过去时,其宾语从句表示将来时常用此时态。常见结构如下:一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时现在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyingha

21、ve studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying过去 studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studied had been studying将来shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have studiedwill have studied来XX Kshall have been studyingwill have been studying过去将来should studywould studyshould be

22、studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying名师点睛典例分类类型一、根据情景及语境及时间状语判断时态【例 1】The skirt is made of silk. It _ so soft. I like it.Awashes Bis washed Cis felt Dfeels【例 2】 Have you finished your task?Yes, it since last weekAended Bcame t

23、o an end Chas been over【例 3】-Great changes_ in my hometown in the past ten years-Wow. How beautiful it is !Atook place Bwere taken place Chave taken place Dhad taken place类型二、根据主句或者从句中的时态判断【例 4】We _ different kinds of resolutions when we had over class meeting.Adiscuss Bare discussing Cdiscussed Dwi

24、ll discuss【例 5】The Wilsons _ in Germany for twenty years before they moved to China.Alive Bhave lived Cwere living Dhad lived课时作业能力提升1. To observe the wild animals, the scientists hid behind the tree and _ silent.Akeep Bkeeps Ckept Dwas keeping2. My cousin _ several prizes for designing since he bec

25、ame an architect.Agains Bgained Chas gained Dwas gaining3. We will be very happy if Ms.Zhang _ us this term.Ateach BteachesC to teach Dteaching4. I _in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.Alived Bwas living Chave lived Dam living5. I first met Julia

26、 three years ago when we _ at a radio station together.6. Christianity has become a worldwide religion since it about two thousand years ago.Ahas begin Bbegins Cbegan Dbegin7. Her grandmother in 1990. She has been for 23 years.Adied; died Bdead; dead Cdying; death Ddied; dead8. Linda told me she _ m

27、e with my lessons and so she _.Ahad helped; had Bhelped; was doingC would help; had done Dwould help; did9. Linda said she _ her hometown for five years and she wanted to come back to see it as soon as possible.Ahas left Bhad leftC has been away from Dhad been away from10. Mr. Green _ Alice in 2004

28、.Agot married with Bmarried with Cmarried to Dgot married to11. When I _my pet dog along the road, I thought of a new way to clean up the mess.Aam walking Bwalk Cwas walking Dhave walked12. Tom wants to try climbing the mountain again even though he _twice already.Afailed Bhas failed Cfails Dhad fai

29、led13. When the bell rang, Nancy _ dinner with her mother in the kitchen.Ais preparing Bhas prepared Cwas preparing Dwill prepare14. Miss Barnardo _several children stories since her first novel was published.Ahas written Bhad written Cwill write Dwould write15. Your dress is out of fashion, Nancy.

30、Why not buy a new one? Well, fashion _ all the time. I dont mind being out.Ahas changed Bwill change Cwas changing Dis changing聚焦考点温习理解英语中的时态指的是是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。 是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。【知识要点】 英语动词有十六种时态,但初中阶段常用的有八种,即:一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。动词的时态不同时间发生的动作要用不同的动词形式来

31、表达,这就是动词的时态。英语动词有十六种时态,但初中阶段常用的有八种,即:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进 行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 (一)一般现在时I.构成形式:am / is / are 或实义动词的原形(主语是第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式)II.常用时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day 等。III.一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性或习惯 性的动作。She visits her parents every day.2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。T

32、he earth moves around the sun.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。Columbus proved that the earth is round4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.5)用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的。The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,一般现在时代替一般将来时。 Ill help yo

33、u as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. IV.考查热点:如果主句为一般将来时,由 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句和 when, until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来(二)一般过去时I.构成形式:动词的过去式II.常用时间状语:. ago, last week, yesterday, just now, in 1988 等。III.一般过去时的基本用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况。 I worked in that fact

34、ory last year. IV.一般过去时的特殊用法在虚拟语气中表示与现在事实相反的动作或状态。I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻 20 岁。在口语中,一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。Might I come and see you tonight? 我想今晚来看你,好吗?V.注意事项: 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago 等,绝对不可与 recently, in the past 10 years, this mon

35、th 等连用,因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系。 used to do 的否定形式和疑问形式很特别:你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例:used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do 都对。Used to do 经常与 be used to doing sth/ sth 结构进行对比。前者表示“过去常常或过去曾经“,要求加动词原形;后者表示“习惯于“,要求加名词或动名词。(三)一般将来时I.构成形式:“will(用于任何人称) / shall (用于第一人称) + 动词原形”或“am / is /are going to + 动词原形 ”或“am

36、 / is /are + 动词的-ing 形式”II.常用时间状语:tomorrow, next month, in two days, soon 等。III.一般将来时的用法1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如: I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.3)表示将来的意愿,决心,许诺, 命令等时常用will,征求对方意见,主语是第一称时,常用shall。I will do my best to catch up with them

37、. Shall I open the door?4) be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型,表示打算,计划,最近或将来要作的某事。 I am going to Beijing next week. 5) be + 动词不定式。表示有职责,义务,可能,约定,意图等。 We are to meet the guests at the station. 6) be about + 动词不定式,表示马上,很快作某事。 They are about to leave.注意:shall 用于第一人称,常被 will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。W

38、hich paragraph shall I read first?Will you be at home at seven this evening?来源:ZXXKbe about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。IV.考查热点: there be 结构的一般将来时为 there will be / there is going to be。(四)现在进行时I.构成形式:am / is / are + 动词的-ing 形式II.时间状语及提示语:now, these days, at this moment, Listen! Look!

39、等。III.现在进行时的用法 1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作, 它注重现在正在进行的动作,而不管动作从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行) 。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3) 某些动词的现在 进行时可以表示即将发生的动作,这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to

40、 Hong Kong tomorrow. IV. 有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词,尤其是静态动词,如:be, have 表示认识、知觉和情感的动词,如:know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。(五)过去进行时I.构成形式:was / were + 动词的 -ing 形式II.常用时间状语:at that time, this time yesterday, at six yesterday, when + 从句(动词为过去式)等。III.过去进行时的用法 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如:I was w

41、atching TV when she came to see me. IV. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实, They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知)They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了,动作已经完成)(六)现在完成时I.构成形式:have / has + 动词的过去分词II.常用时间状语及提示词:“for + 段时间”

42、, “since + 点时间 / 从句” ,already, yet, never, ever, just, before, once, so far, ever since 等。III.现在完成时的用法 1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完 成或刚完成的动作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 来源:Z|xx|k.Com2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在,或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。 We have lived h

43、ere since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. IV.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。试比较:来源:Z,xx,k.ComI saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在)I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。 )V瞬间动词与延续性动词1)瞬间动词表示短暂。不能持续一段时间的动作,如:co

44、me, leave, begin, become, buy, receive, die, join, borrow, lend, go,等。2)持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作,如:work, stay, live, learn, read, write, wait 等3)瞬间动词用于完成时表示动作的完成。She has already bought a dictionary. 她已经买了一本字典。4)瞬间动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。但是瞬间动词的否定结构可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,说明某动作不发生的状态可以持续一段时间She often goes on business. But

45、she hasnt left Shenyang for a month./since a month ago.5)现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与 for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下:closebe closed, put onwear , openbe open get upbe up, finish/endbe over , losebe lost , marrybe married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep be asleep ( sleep ) , get to kno

46、w know come/arrivebe here/in , come/get backbe back , go/leave-be away , become be , borrow keep , buyhave , begin/startbe on , diebe dead , joinbe in/be a member of , catch a cold have a cold VI.have/has been in / to 与 have/has gone to 的区别“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(在途中或已到目的地,还未回来) ”,指主语所指的人不在

47、这儿。 “have/has been in + 地点”表示 “在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。 “have/has been to +地点” 表示“曾经去过某地(说明有某种经历,但现在已不在那儿) 。 ”She has been to Canada. 她去过加拿大。She has gone to Canada. 她去加拿大了。VII.考查热点:for 与 since 的转换;already 常用在肯定句中,yet 常用在否定句和疑问句中;短暂性动词不能与表示段时间的状语连用。(七)过去完成时I构成形式: had + 动词的过去分词II. 常用时间状语:by the time /

48、when / before + 从句(动词为过去式), by the end of last year (week, month .) 等。III.过去完成时的用法 过去完成时表示过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作,也可指从过去某时开始到过去另一时为止的动作或状态,即“过去的过去”。 来源:ZXXKBy the end of last term they had learned about twenty English songs. The film had already begun when we got there. IV.注意 before 与 ago 的用法有区别。before