1、山西 2019 中考英语：短文七选五类练习（四）及解析Passage 1请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。It is not always a good thing to praise children because “empty” words may make them unhappy. Words such as “Well done!” may make them doubt their own abilities. 1 He said that words such as “Youre so cleve
2、r!” or “Youre such an artist!” could also stop their future development at school. 2 They may say they cant live up to these expectations.Instead, he advised parents and teachers to praise children less and use words like“trying really hard”. Mr. Grosz said, “ 3 People often pay no attention to chil
3、drens feelings and thoughts.” He also mentioned a research showing that children who were heavily praised probably performed worse at school.Some psychologists from Columbia University asked 128 pupils aged 10 and 11 to work out a number of math problems. 4 But the researchers told the other group,
4、“You did really wellyou must have tried really hard.” Both groups of children were then given more difficult questions and those who had been told they were clever did not do as well as the others.He said that when collecting his daughter from a school near their home in North London, he heard a tea
5、cher telling his daughter,“You have drawn the most beautiful tree. Well done.” Later, after she had done another drawing, the same teacher said, “Wow, you are really an artist.” In his book, Mr. Grosz wrote, “How could I explain to the teacher? 5 ”As a parent of two children, I strongly agree with M
6、r. Grosz. I want them to know if I praise them, they have done something beyond my expectation, beyond what they are able to do.A.Parents should praise their children from time to time.B. Empty praise is as bad as thoughtless criticism(批评).C. In fact, I would prefer it if she did not praise my daugh
7、ter.D. Later, some were told, “You did really wellyoure so clever.”E. A leading psychologist(心理学家) Stephen Grosz has warned it.F. He also said that such empty praise caused children to be unhappy.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了总是用空洞的话语来表扬孩子并不是一件好事。1. E 【解析】由本空后面的 He 可知此处需要引出一个权威人物。 E 项“ 著名心理学家斯蒂芬格罗斯已经警告过了。 ”符合
8、语境。2. F【解析】从引出心理学家 Stephen Grosz 开始，都是在陈述他说的话。 F 项“ 他也说如此空洞的赞扬会导致孩子不开心的。 ”符合语境。3. B【解析】由前句“Instead, he advised parents and teachers to praise children less and use words liketrying really hard.”和后句“People often pay no attention to childrens feeling s and thoughts”可知 B 项“空洞的表扬和轻率的批评一样糟糕。 ”放在此处符合上下文语境
9、，故选B。4. D【解析】本段是关于心理学家对 128 名小学生分组做研究的事情。根据下文“But the researchers told the other group.”表示转折，可推知是对另一组学生做了不同的事情或说了不同的话。D 项“然后，一些被告知， “你做的真的很好你是如此的聪明。 ”符合语境。5. C【解析】本段描述的是 Stephen Grosz 碰到老师表扬自己女儿的事情。根据上文可推出他对空洞的表扬是持否定态度的。C 项“ 实际上，如果她不表扬我的女儿，我会更愿意的。 ”符合语境。Passage 2请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选
10、项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。For teenagers, growing is a good thing, but it is also a painful experience in their life. Many changes happen in those short years, including physical and emotional changes. 1 Well, what are the changes?2 There is an increase in height and weight, changes in voice and skin and
11、so on. They begin to worry about all these changes in their bodies, and to check whether they are developing normally. 3 In primary school, children usually wore what their parents gave them, and never thought about the style of the clothes. 4 They will have a strong wish to look good and be admired
12、 by others. And sometimes they will even have arguments with their parents about the clothes they should wear.Teenagers hope to be accepted by others and want to have several true friends. Whether they are popular or not will become a very important part in their life. 5 However, as teenagers, whate
13、ver problems you have, remember to talk to your parents, teachers, friends or anyone that can share your worries and give you advice. Teenage life is a wonderful time. Enjoy it!A. Teenagers will find a lot of small changes in their bodies.B. But now, they will think about how they look in others eye
14、s.C. They will feel confused and afraid, and even lose confidence.D. They will continue comparing themselves with other teenagers.E. Sometimes they will compare with each other to see who has the most friends.F. Teenagers never want to talk about their worries to someone who can help them.【主旨大意】本文是一
15、篇议论文。主要介绍了成长对于青少年来说是一件好事情，但在成长的过程中，也存在一些痛苦的经历，因为在他们的身体和心灵上会发生很多变化。1. C【解析】根据上文“Many changes happen in those short years, including physical and emotional changes.”及备选项可知此处应指这些改变对青少年的影响， C 项符合语境，故选C。2. A【解析】根据下文“There is an increase in height and weight, changes in voice and skin and so on.”可知此处指青少年身
16、体方面的改变，故结合备选项可知选 A。3. D【解析】根据下文中提到的几点内容可知，青少年面对这些变化时会和其他同龄人作比较，才有了比较谁的朋友最多等。故结合备选项可知选 D。4. B【解析】根据上下文可判断此处指青少年会关注自己在别人眼中的形象，故结合备选项可知选 B。5. E【解析】根据本段第一句“Teenagers hope to be accepted by others and want to have several true friends.”可知空缺处所填句子与朋友有关，故结合备选项可知选 E。Passage 3请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处
17、的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。Everybody is nervous on the first day of school. Here are a few steps to help you look better and feel more comfortable.Plan ahead. Its the most important. 1 Make sure that you have all your school things, such as paper, pens and pencils. You can also visit the school and ta
18、ke a look around.Get your schedule (时间表) before the first day of school and look it over a few times. Theres nothing worse than looking terrible on the first day of school. 2 Have a good breakfast. You would be surprised at how much happier and more focused (专心的) you will be after having a good brea
19、kfast. 3 Remember to avoid sugar-rich food, since it may make you less focused.Smile and be friendly. 4 Smiling can help you get on well with others. Also, you can improve a lot in your studies when there is a friendly atmosphere (气氛), because others will be happy to help you.Have fun. School isnt a
20、lways boring. 5 If you want the time to fly by, enjoying yourself is a great way to make it happen.A. Plan out what youre going to wear.B. Try bread, fruit or other healthy food.C. Set an alarm clock to wake you up on time.D.We should try our best to help others if they are in need.E. Everyone would
21、 like to be friends with those who are kind and friendly.F. Do something crazy, but remember not to be disruptive (破坏的) when you should pay attention.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。每个人在上学第一天都会感到紧张，本文介绍了如何让自己看起来不紧张自信的方法。1.A【解析】根据前两句“Plan ahead. Its the most important.”可知此处所填内容与计划有关。故选 A。2.C【解析】根据本段第一句 “Get your sche
22、dule (时间表) before the first day of school and look it over a few times.”可知此处所填内容与设立时间表有关。故选 C。3.B【解析】根据前句“You would be surprised at how much happier and more focused (专心的) you will be after having a good breakfast.”及后句“Remember to avoid sugar-rich food, since it may make you less focused.”可知此处所填内容与早
23、餐有关。故选 B。4.E【解析】根据后句“Smiling can help you get on well with others.”可知此处所填内容与微笑的好处有关。故选 E。5.F【解析】根据前句“School isnt always boring.”可知此处所填内容与让学校生活不那么无聊的方法。故选 F。Passage 4请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。Life is filled with regrets. 1 When we look back, we always wish that we have
24、 made better choices. Then what can we do to avoid regrets in the future?Make better plans. When you start to do something, you need to make a plan before doing it. The earlier, the better. 2 Youll also know what you should do and what you shouldnt do.3 You can go around more often. More outdoor act
25、ivities can keep you relaxed and active. You also need to be kind. “Thank you” can bring a smile on someones face. Learn to say “sorry” and dont be angry with others.Make the right friend. A friend may make your life and can break your life as well. 4 Good friends will always make your ideas better.
26、Never fear failure. Everybody fails. Even the greatest person fails. We should not fear the failure, because failure is not the end of the road. 5 Life is good. We dont have to live in our past, but we do hope that we can plan better, live better and work better when we have the chance to do so.A. L
27、ive a more active life.B. You will know what comes first and what comes last.C. Almost all of us have no difficulty telling our regrets.D. So you have to think twice when you choose a friend.E. Be more careful if you dont want to fail in the future.F. We should take failure as a chance to learn and
28、improve ourselves.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。生活充满遗憾，本文针对如何才能避免未来可能会出现的遗憾提出了几点建议。1. C【解析】根据前句“Life is filled with regrets.”及下句的“When we look back, we always wish that we have made better choices.”可知此处描述了生活中的种种遗憾。只有 C 项能够很好地衔接上下文。故选 C。2. B【解析】根据段首“Make better plans.”及下文的“Youll also know what you should do and wha
29、t you shouldnt do.”可知此处还是在建议对方如何制定更好的计划。故选 B。3. A【解析】根据下文的“You can go around more often. More outdoor activities can keep you relaxed and active.”可知，该段主要描述怎样让自己在生活中充满活力，A 项符合语境。故选 A。4. D【解析】根据前句“A friend may make your life and can break your life as well.”可知，交朋友应该慎重；下文的“Good friends will always make
30、 your ideas better.”上下文相互印证了“选择朋友时应慎重三思” 的观点，D 项能够很好地衔接上下文。故选 D。5. F【解析】根据前文“We should not fear the failure, because failure is not the end of the road.”可知下文要阐述对待失败的态度。选项中 F 项提到如何对待失败，故选 F。Passage 5请阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。If you want to see a thing well, reach out a
31、nd touch it!That may seem a strange thing to say. 1 Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the glass ball is. You can feel how heavy the glass is. When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it. 2 For example, y
32、our fingers can tell the differences between two coins in your pocket. You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too.All children soon learn what “Dont touch!” means. They hear it often. 3 In shops, we touch things that we might buy. To see something well, we have to touch it.4 O
33、ne way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body and the air on your skin. At first, it is not easy to feel these things. You are too used to them!Most museums are just for visiting. 5 Their signs say, “Do touch
34、!” There you can feel everything on show. If you want to see better, reach out and touch. Then you will really see!A. With your skin, you can feel better.B. But touching things can help you see them better.C. There are ways of learning to see better by feeling.D. But today some museums have somethin
35、g to touch.E. Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up.F.Each of us should not touch the thing if we dont know about it.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。看一件东西，不但要用眼睛看，还要用手触摸或者用身体皮肤去感受，这样才能全面地、更好地了解这件东西。1. B【解析】根据前一句可知下一句应表示转折，再结合后两句“Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round. But by holding it in y
36、our hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the glass ball is.”可知应选 B。2. A【解析】根据后一句的举例 “For example, your fingers can tell the differences between two coins in your pocket.”可知此处应填与触摸东西有关的内容，结合备选项，A 项符合语境，故选 A。3. E【解析】根据前两句“All children soon learn what Dont touch! means. They hear it often.”和后面一句“In
37、shops, we touch things that we might buy.”并结合备选项，E 项符合语境，故选 E。4. C【解析】根据后两句“One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin. Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin.”可知此处应是和方法有关。故选 C。5. D【解析】根据前一句“Most museums are just for visiting.”和后一句“Their signs say, Do touch!”可知大多数博物馆只能看，而现在一些博物馆让人们通过触摸来感知物品。故选D。