1、Unit 21 Human Biology,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,达标检测,课文预读,Period Three Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained,基础自测,.重点单词 1. adj.城市的 2. vt.重建 3. n.试验；试用；审判 4. vt.禁止n.禁止；禁令 5. vt.联合；团结；统一 6. n.停顿；暂停 7. n.统计资料；统计数字,urban,rebuild,trial,prohibit prohibition,unite,pause,statistics,8. n.症状 9. n.常规；惯例 10. n.新闻界；报界vt.压；按；紧握；逼迫 1
2、1. n.相似之处；平行线 12. n.变化；变种 13. vt.预见 14. vi.&vt.感到悲痛；表示哀悼 15. vt.表明重要性；强调,symptom,routine,press,parallel,adaptation,foresee,mourn,underline,16. adj.彻底的；细致的 17. n.协作；配合 18. n.信心；信任；信仰；信念adj.忠实的；忠诚的；如实的adv.准确地；如实地；忠实地；忠诚地,thorough,teamwork,faith faithful faithfully,.重点短语 1. 彻底毁灭；彻底消灭 2. 达到(某数量、程度等) 3.
3、死于(疾病、过度悲伤等) 4. 记录在案的 5. (使)扫过/掠过/迅速传遍于 6. 对做试验 7. 而不是,wipe out,up to,die of,on record,sweep through,do trials on,rather than,8. 缺乏，缺少 9. 对有害 10. 导致 11. 终止；消灭 12. 漏掉，忘掉,a lack of,be harmful to,lead to,stop sth. in its tracks,leave out,.重点句式 1.现在完成进行时 Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists (do) tri
4、als on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks. 自从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就已经着手做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。,have been doing,2be believed to have done.被认为 Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed (be)the most acute epi
5、demic in history. 西班牙流感在18个月的时间里就杀死了5 000万人，它有传染年轻人和身体健康的人而不是老年人的倾向，因此西班牙流感被认为是人类历史上最严重的传染病。,to have been,3.leave宾语宾补 It struck near the end of the First World War and left families _ (mourn) worldwide. 它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声 之中。,mourning,课文预读,.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F) 1.Flu kills millions of people
6、 every year.( ) 2.Most diseases are very new.( ) 3.Epidemics have affected historical events.( ) 4.It takes years for a disease to spread worldwide.( ) 5.Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.( ),T,T,T,T,T,.课文阅读理解 1.Why is it important to look at the spread of diseases t
7、hrough the history? A.Because it can enlarge our knowledge. B.Because many epidemics could be the next global epidemics. C.Because people are curious about the history of epidemics. D.Because it can help us discover the causes and effects of epidemics，and foresee and prevent them in the future.,答案,1
8、,2,3,4,5,2.Which of the following is one of the earliest epidemics on record? A.The Black Death. B.The epidemic which happened about 500550 AD and swept throughNorth Africa，the Middle East and Europe. C.The Spanish Flu. D.SARS.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,3.Which of the following is one of the main causes of the f
9、all of the Roman Empire according to the passage? A.Up to 50% of the areas population died of a serious epidemic. B.The king of the Roman Empire died. C.The economy of the Roman Empire had fallen down. D.Other countries invaded the Roman Empire.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,4.Which of the following is NOT the condi
10、tion for “The Black Death” to spread worldwide? A.War. B.Crowded cities. C.A lack of basic health routines. D.Food.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,5.What kind of people did the Spanish Flu strike most? A.Women. B.The young and fit. C.The old. D.The weak.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,.课文难句分析 1.Modern communication technology and medi
11、cal research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite，share knowledge，and work together without pause to help put SARS behind us. 句式分析 本句是简单句。_ _是主语；谓语动词是_；health experts all over the world是 ；to unite，share knowledge，and work together without pause是三个不定式连用，作 ；to help put SARS behi
12、nd us作 。 自主翻译 _ _,Modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow,现代通讯技术和医学研究技术使全世界的医学专家们能够联合起来，分享知识，不停顿地通力合作，这将有助于我们摆脱“非典”。,宾语,宾语补足语,目的状语,2.Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of t
13、he 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus. 句式分析 本句是复合句。especially as.是as引导的 从句；本句中含有两个who引导的定语从句，分别修饰先行词scientists和people；that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus是that引导的 从句。 自主翻译 _ _,时间状语,许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽
14、流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。,宾语,要点探究,Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas. 传染病能够彻底毁灭城市一半的人口。,wipe out彻底毁灭；彻底消灭 wipe away/off/up(用布、手等)擦干净，抹掉 wipe sth. down/wipe down sth. (用湿布)彻底擦干净,重点词汇,(1)Measles(麻疹)，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of th
15、e MMR vaccine(疫苗). 通过普遍使用MMR疫苗，14年前麻疹在美国就已经被彻底消灭了。 (2017北京) (2)Wipe your tears away/off/up；believe yourself and try again. 擦干你的眼泪，相信自己，再试一次。 (3)When youve washed the car，wipe it well. 洗完车后，要把它(布)用彻底擦干净。,down,Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit an
16、y future outbreaks. 自从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就已经着手做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。,trial n.试验；试用；审判 do trials on对做试验 on trial在试验中 be on/go on/stand trial for.因受审 bring sb. to trial将某人付诸审判 come/go to trial开庭审理,_,(1)We had the machine on trial for a week. 这台机器我们试用了一个星期。 (2)She will be on/go on/stand trial for fraud.她因涉嫌诈骗将受到审判
17、。 (3)The men were arrested but not . 这些人已被逮捕但并未送交法院审判。 一词多义 写出下列句子中trial的汉语意思 (4)She agreed to employ me for a trial period. (5)In a trial，a judge must decide which eyewitness to believe and which not to believe.,brought to trial,试用,审判,(6)The professor was deaf and any talking was prohibited. 教授是个聋哑
18、人，任何谈话都是被禁止的。(2017全国) (7)We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours. 工作时间内我们不得喝酒。 (8)His small size prohibits his (become)a policeman. 他的小个子使他无法当警察。 (9)The prohibition drunken driving will save many lives. 酒后开车的禁令将会挽救许多人的生命。,becoming,against,(10)They voted in favor of the (prohibit
19、) of smoking in public areas. 他们投票赞成禁止在公共场合吸烟。 联想归纳 表示“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的其他表达法： _ 单句改错 (11)The law prohibits tobacconists(烟草商) selling cigarettes to children.,prohibition,discourage sb. from doing sth. ；ban sb. from doing sth. ；prevent sb. (from) doing sth. ；forbid sb. from doing sth. ；keep sb. from doing
20、 sth. ； stop sb. (from) doing sth., from,The conditions in much of Asia and Europewar，crowded cities and a lack of basic health routinesprovided the perfect conditions for the disease to spread worldwide. 当时亚洲和欧洲的大部分地区都陷于这样的状况战争频发，城市拥挤不堪，缺乏基本的健康体系，这种状况促进了瘟疫在全球范围内的蔓延。,routine n.常规，惯例 break/follow the
21、 routine 打破/遵守常规 daily routine 日常生活；日常工作 a break from routine 摆脱刻板的生活,(1)She doesnt do it according to routine. 她没按常规做这件事。 (2)A creative man will never . 勇于创新的人永远不会墨守成规。 (3)She needed a . 她需要摆脱一下刻板的生活。,follow the routine,break from routine,It is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout
22、 history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics，and hopefully，foresee and prevent them in the future. 重要的是回顾一下历史上疾病的传播情况，从而弄清楚流行病的起因和后果，并且希望将来能够预见并阻止它们的发生。,(1)foresee vt.预见 (2)foresight n.先见，远见；预见 (3)foreseeable adj.可预知的；能预测的 注意：foresee的过去式为foresaw，过去分词为foreseen。,(1)I dont foresee any diffi
23、culties so long as we keep within budget. 只要我们不超出预算，我看不出会有什么困难。 (2)He had the foresight to invest his money carefully.他深谋远虑，投资谨慎。 (3)He that one day his books would sell in millions. 他从没预想过有一天他的书会卖掉几百万本。 句型转换 (4)He foresaw that prices would drop next year. He that prices would drop next year.,could
24、never have foreseen,predicted,With all the international effort being made，we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks. 随着国际间的共同努力，我们应该相信人们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。,(1)faith n.信心；信任；信仰；信念 have faith in sb. 信任某人/对某人有信心 lose faith in对失去信心/不再相信 in good
25、faith真诚；诚心诚意地 (2)faithful adj.忠诚的；诚实的；如实的 be faithful to忠实于，忠诚于 (3)faithfully adv.准确地；如实地；忠实地,(1)He is always telling lies，so nearly all the people lose faith in him. 他总是撒谎，因此几乎所有的人都不信任他了。 (2)The woman who sold me the car claimed she had acted . 那个卖给我汽车的女人声称她是真心实意出售的。 (3)She was always (faith) to he
26、r husband. 她对她的丈夫一直忠贞不渝。 单句改错 (4)I always have faith he will come to our party in person.,in good faith,faithful, that,stop sth. in its tracks终止；消灭 stop sb. in sb. s tracks (由于恐惧或吃惊)某人突然止步或怔住 be on track稳步前进；做法对头 keep/lose track of.了解/不了解的动态；保持/失去联系,(5)This famous sportsmans career was stopped in it
27、s tracks because of his doping drugs. 因为服用违禁药品，这位著名的体育运动员被终止了运动生涯。,(6)What happened then? The noise . 后来呢？ 那声音突然使我怔住了。 (7)Curtis for the gold medal. 柯蒂斯正踏上夺取金牌之途。 (8)Bank statements help you where your money is going. 银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。,stopped me in my tracks,is on track,keep track of,经典句式,Having
28、killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history. 西班牙流感在18个月的时间里就杀死了5 000万人，它有传染年轻人和身体健康的人而不是老年人的倾向，因此西班牙流感被认为是人类历史上最严重的传染病。,(1).be believed to be.为固定句式，意为“被认为是”，本句中
29、不定式用的其完成时。 (2)该句式也适用于以下动词：say/think/expect/suppose/consider.，该句式中的不定式可根据句子的时态用以下几种不同的形式：to do/be，to be done，to have done，to have been done等。 (3)该句式还可以转化为It is/was believed/said/thought/expected/.that从句。 注意：Its suggested/required/demanded that.中，that从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should 动词原形，should可以省略。,(1)The banks
30、 are widely believed to be planning a cut in interest rates. 人们普遍认为银行正在计划降低利率。 (2)It is considered to be a great honor.它被认为是一种莫大的荣誉。 (3)He is said (leave) the stage already as he has become an official. 据说因为成为了一名官员他已经离开了舞台。 句型转换 (4)They are believed to have left London. they have left London.,to hav
31、e left,It is believed that,It struck near the end of the First World War and left families mourning worldwide. 它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声之中。,本句中使用了“leave宾语宾补”的结构，其常见句式结构为： (1)leave宾语形容词/副词/介词短语，表示“使处于某种状态”。 (2)leave宾语名词，多表示一种结果。 (3)leave宾语现在分词/不定式，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 (4)leave宾语过去分词，其中宾语与宾补之
32、间是逻辑上的动宾关系。,(1)His illness has left him very weak. 他的病使他的身体很虚弱。 (2)His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan. 他父母去年双双去世，他成了孤儿。 (3)Dont leave the work half (do).不要半途而废。 (4)He left his lawyer (deal) with his will after his death. 他让律师在他死后处理他的遗嘱。 单句改错 (5)Dont leave her wait outside in the r
33、ain.,waiting,done,to deal,达标检测,.单句语法填空 1.We should be (faith) to our friends. 2.Youd better leave him (solve) the problem by himself. 3.He made a quick (adapt) to the new enviroment. 4.I have searched (thorough) for the book but couldnt find it. 5.An experienced doctor usually judges a patients illn
34、ess according to the various (symptom). 6.Only in this way can we wipe the enemy troops.,faithful,to solve,adaptation,thoroughly,symptoms,out,7.Several facts have told us humans must stop the destruction of the environment its tracks. 8.Last summer was the wettest record. 9.Common people are prohibi
35、ted entering this palace. 10.Hes trial for murder.,in,on,from,on,.完成句子 11.约翰匆忙地冲了出去，门都没有锁。 John rushed out in a hurry， . 12.汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。 Tom the online games for more than twenty hours. 13.我们应该给予那些依然过着贫穷生活的人更多的帮助，以使他们至少有足够的钱接受教育。 We should give more help to such people so that they can at least
36、receive education with enough money.,leaving the door unlocked,has been playing,who still live a poor life,14.我们应该信任他，他总是很诚实。 We should him；he is always honest. 15.人们认为政府正计划在六月举行大选。 The government an election in June.,have faith in/trust,is thought to be planning,.课文短文改错 One of the earliest epidemic
37、 on record happened about 500550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempted to rebuild the Roman Empire. In the 1330s，“The Black Death” appeared in Asia，that spread rapid.Years ago，SARS breaks out. Since then，scientists had been doing trials to prevent it. Before SARS，the Spanish Flu is bel
38、ieved to have been most acute epidemic in history because of it killed 50 million people in 18 months.,epidemics,attempting,which,rapidly,broke,have, the,However，since Bird Flu first appeared in 1997，it has taken many than a hundred lives.With all the international effort being made，we have faith which there will be solutions to stop it.,more,that,