1、专题二 代词,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句语法填空 1.(2018全国卷)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give it a try. 2.(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find them(they) alive. 3.(2018浙江卷)Many western
2、ers who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. 4.(2017浙江卷)“She thought I had hurt myself (I),” says Pahlsson.,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句改错 1.(2018全国卷)They(My parents) would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. usme 2.(2018全
3、国卷)I had done myself homework,but I was shy. myselfmy/the 3.(2017全国卷)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. allboth 4.(2017全国卷) This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. yourmy,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点一 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,注意形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词。如:her fathe
4、r她的父亲 “of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格。如:a friend of mine我的一个朋友,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点二 it的用法 1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。 It is half past two now.(指时间) It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.(指距离) It is very cold in the room.(指温度) 2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 Whos that at the door? It is t
5、he milkman. (it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人) Ive broken a plate. It(=Breaking the plate) doesnt matter. (it指前面所提到过的事情),-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当的真正的主语或宾语放在后面。 It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema. No matter where he is,he makes it a rule to go out for a walk before brea
6、kfast. 4.enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,dont mind,be fond of,feel like,see to等动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。 I hate it that you leave the door open. 我讨厌你把门开着。 5.用于某些固定结构。如make it;get it;see to it that;put it。 How shall I put it? 我该怎么说呢?,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点三 替代词it,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those 1.it特指上文所提到的同一事
7、物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于“a/an+单数名词”;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,Yesterday I lost my pen and
8、I couldnt find it.So I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one替代a pen) The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.(those/the ones替代the books) No pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.(that替代pleasure),-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.that和one的主要区别 that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,
9、复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。 The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.(that替代the quality of education) If youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get one for me? (one替代a paper
10、 一份报纸),-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点四 指示代词 指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,有this,that,these,those。this,that是单数,these,those是复数。指示代词可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。 I want this book,not that book. I like these and he like those. The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing.,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点五 all,both,either,neither,each和non
11、e 1.both(两者都),either(两者中的任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上这些词的使用范围为两者。 John and Mary have both won the prizes. The research group produced two reports based on the survey,but neither contained any useful suggestions. Ive lived in New York and Chicago,but dont like either of them very much. 2.both与复数名词连用,either
12、与单数名词连用。 There are flowers on both sides of the street. There are flowers on either side of the street.,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个),none(都不)。以上词的使用范围均为三者或三者以上。 All the students in my class like our teachers. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost none
13、 of her enthusiasm for life. 4.each可指两者,也可指两者以上。 They each have a car.,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点六 no,none,nobody和nothing 1.no不能单独使用,相当于not a或not any,做定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 He has no worry about safety. 2.none既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,可与介词of连用,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句。 How many people are there in the room? None.,
14、-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑问句。 The meeting will be held in September,but nobody knows the date for sure. What are you doing? Nothing.,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点七 another,other,the other和others 1.another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个人或物”。还可以用于“another+数词+复数名词”中,表示“再,又”。
15、 Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is another. You have to wait for another three weeks. 2.other 可用作形容词,意思为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”。 You can ask other people to help you. 3.the other指两个人或物中的“另一个”,不能用another,此时other为代词。 The old man has two sons.One is a teacher;the other is a docto
16、r.,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.the other 后可接可数名词单数也可接可数名词复数,不接不可数名词。此时other为形容词。 On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. He is taller than the other students in his class. 5.others 是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个;其他的”。others表示复数意义,相当于“other+复数名词”,但不能做定语;the others相当于“the other+复数名词”,指剩下的全部。 Two students in o
17、ur class failed,but all the others passed the exam.,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点八 复合不定代词 everyone/everybody意为“每个人”;someone/somebody意为“某人,有人”,其特殊含义是“有价值的人或者重要的人”;anybody意为“任何人,无论谁”;nobody意为“没有人,无人,谁也不”,还可指“无名之辈”。 everything意为“每件事,所有事物”;something意为“某事/物”,其特殊含义是“大致左右,有价值的或者重要的事物”;anything意为“任何事物”;nothing意为“没有;无关紧
18、要的事物”。,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,Somebody has parked his car right in front of mine. He was such a fast talker that nobody could understand him. Have you figured out how much the trip will cost? $4,000,or something like that. A smile costs nothing,but gives much. 常见搭配: nothing but只不过 anything but绝不;根本不 somethi
19、ng of有点儿;在某种程度上是 nothing to do with和没关系 for nothing免费;白白地;白费;无缘无故地,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点九 部分否定与全部否定 all,both,everyone,everybody,everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定。 none,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,not any以及“no+名词”均表示全部否定;但当not 与表示全部肯定的不定代词连用时,不管not的位置在其前还是其后,都表示部分否定。 None of them smoke. No words can expres
20、s my anger. Such a person cant be found everywhere.(部分否定) Not all the students have read the book.(部分否定),-21-,.单句填空 1.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones. 2.Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but neither of them wants to,because the
21、y have work to do. 3.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 4.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in others,knives and forks.,-22-,5.Id appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 6.Its an either-or situationwe can
22、 buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both. 7.Shed lived in London and Manchester but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.,8.At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine. 9.When he took his gloves off,I noticed that each one had h
23、is name written inside. 10.I prefer the large box to the small one.,-23-,.单句改错 1.John,my Spanish teacher,said,“Take easy;it is just a small quiz.” 在easy前加it 2.Some of the houses have bathrooms but much do not. muchmany 3.It was the first time he felt he had achieved something by him. himhimself,4.Mr
24、s.Zhang,who is our new teacher,is so concerned about us that we are all fond of him. himher 5.China is bigger than any others country in Asia. othersother,-24-,.语法填空 Emily sits by her desk.She studies for an exam.Actually,she forces 1.herself to study for that exam,since what she really wants to do
25、is go outside and play soccer! Her friend Kelly is by her window.She throws a little stone at it and then calls,“Is there 2.anybody/anyone home?” “Yes,I am here!” Emily answers.“This is so unfair!I want to be outside with 3.you and not here with these boring booklets(小册子)!” “Whatever you are doing w
26、ith those boring booklets,you should come out and play with us!”Kelly calls back.,-25-,“I cant do 4.that,” Emily says sadly.“This exam of 5.mine is tomorrow,so now I need to study for it.” She takes the stone that Kelly threw in,and sends it flying outside.Then she closes the window.She knows that e
27、verybody else has studied already,and now 6.all of them are playing outside. “Well,” she thinks to herself,“it is my test,and I myself have to study for it.I know that Kelly wants to help me,but not this time.We can help 7.each other with other things.” She takes another look at her two booklets.She
28、 tries to read a page of the first booklet,and then a page of the 8.other.Both are boring. “ 9.Neither of you is interesting!” she tells them seriously. “What can I do?” she thinks to herself.“I really have enough!”,-26-,Suddenly,a great idea comes to her mind.“I know!” she thinks.“Ill make a drawin
29、g of everything I read!I like to draw,and drawings will make it interesting!” She grabs her pencil and happily begins to draw. More and more is drawn on her notebook,and after two hours she finishes her booklets. She is tired but happy,and she can finally go out to play. “Where is 10.everybody/everyone?” she asks herself.Emily notices it is dark already.“I guess they all went home.” Suddenly her doorbell rings.Kelly and the rest of her friends are there.They are all tired and they want to watch a movie together. Emily is very happy.She can now enjoy a movie with her friends!,