1、Grammar 1 Adverbial clause of condition,Look at these sentences from the passage. If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences. We use “learned” body language when we are introduced to strangers. Now tick the true statements.,The sentences from the passage. 1. descri
2、be common situations. 2. describe impossible situations. 3. use if or when to introduce the situation. 4. explain the result of the situation in the other part of the sentence. 5. use the present simple tense in both parts of the sentence.,我们知道, 引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if, 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。如: 如果你请
3、他帮忙, 他会帮你的。 If you ask him, he will help you.,Answers: 1,3,4,5,If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考试不及格, 你会让他失望的。另外, if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件, 也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设, 从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时。如:,If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你, 我会邀请他参加聚会。 I would have arrived much earlier if I h
4、ad not been caught in the traffic. 如果没有堵车, 我会到的早一点儿。,其他的连词:,unless conj.除非, 若不, 除非在的时候You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 如果你不早点动身, 你就不能及时赶到那儿。 Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨, 比赛将照常进行。,2. on condition(that).在条件下, 如果; on condition (that).引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件
5、或唯一条件。I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相, 条件是你答应保守秘密。,You can go swimming on condition (that) you dont go too far from the river bank. 你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。 3. supposing conj.如果, 假如supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件,Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports
6、 meeting? 倘若下雨, 我们的运动会还要继续举行吗? Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then? 假如出了什么问题, 你准备怎么对付?,4. provided conj.假如,除非,以为条件provided (that) +从句表示一种假设条件。He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms. 如果我们提出更优惠的条件, 他就会在合同上签字。,He wont be against us in the meeting provid
7、ed that we ask for his advice in advance. 如果我们提前征求一下他的意见, 他就不会在会上反对我们。,另外还有in case, as/so long as In case it rains, do not expect me. 如若下雨, 就不要等我了。 As long as you promise to come, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要你答应, 我就等你来。,从上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等词引导的条件状语从句,
8、 主从句条件关系分明,结构清晰。 在条件状语从句中, 用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 一般过去时代替过去将来时。,但有些句子, 虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系, 这些句子常用一些词, 如but for, without等引出一个介词结构来表示条件, 条件常常是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。如:,but for若非, 要不是,But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨, 我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。 But for your help, we should not have finished in time. 要不是你
9、帮忙, 我们肯定不能及时完成任务。,Find more examples of sentences with if or when in the passage.,The key: 1) If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. 2) If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them.,3) We shake hands when we make a deal. 4) When we greet someone, we pu
10、t the right hand over the left and bow slightly. Match the two parts of these sentences about body language in Europe or America.,1. When you meet someone for the first time. 2. If you say goodbye to someone 3. When you show someone the way 4. If you nod your head 5. When you enter a house 6. If you
11、 shake your head,A. you usually mean no. B. you usually point C. you often wave to learn D. you dont take your shoes off E. you shake hands with them F. you usually mean yes.,The key:,1) E 2) C 3) B 4) F 5) D 6) A,a. If you meet someone you usually shake his/ her hand. b. What shall I do if Im invit
12、ed to dinner? c. Unless youre very unlucky youll soon think of something.,Look at the sentences and answer the questions.,1. Which sentences refers to a normal everyday situation? 2. Which sentences refers to a possibility in the future? 3. Which word in the third sentence mean if not? The key:,1.a
13、2. b 3. unless,1. If you _ a cake, your host _ very pleased. (take, be) 2. Unless the weather _ better, I _ at home. ( get, stay) 3. He _ home early if he _ well. (go, not feel),take,will be,gets,will stay,goes,doesnt feel,If I see her Ill invite her to the party. (see, invite),Exercises,4. What _ I _ if they _ about politics? (do, talk) 5. If you _ your hand, the taxi _.(raise, stop) 6. I _ anything unless he _ me. ( not stay, ask),raise,will stop,will not say,asks,shall,do,talk,Thank you,