1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China,单元语法限制性定语从句和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,内容索引,Period Three Grammar & Writing,单元写作Writing a discursive essay,单元语法 限制性定语从句和“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句,.用when，where，who，whose，which填空 1.Ancient China was a place states were often at war with each other. 2.But it was al
2、so a time there were many great philosophers. 3.Confucius is the philosopher influence has been the greatest. 4.Mozi was another teacher was very influential. 5.He came from a family was very poor.,语法感知,语法导学,where,when,whose,who,which,.用适当的介词填空 1.The athletes against he will compete come from Greece
3、. 2.The man whom you talked is my friend. 3.The plane which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 4.I still remember the day which I first came to the school. 5.We depend on the land which we get our food.,whom,with,in,on,from,.限制性定语从句 一、关系代词的用法 关系代词的一般用法列表如下：,语法精析,The man who was here yesterday is
4、 a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(who作主语) The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人叫史密斯。(who作宾语，亦可省略),A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read. 用铅笔写的信很难读。(that作主语，指物) This is the book which/that has been translated into many languages. 这就是那本被译成多种语言的书。(which/that作主语) She is no longer the gir
5、l (that) she was before she went to college. 她已不是上大学前的她了。(that作表语，指人) This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(whose作定语，指人),Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in. 没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌了的房子。(whose作定语，指物) I dont like such person as he. 我不喜欢像他这样的人。(as作表语，指人),二、关系副词
6、的用法 关系副词的一般用法列表如下：,Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我们绝不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。 The office where he works is on the second floor. 他工作的办公室在二楼。 The reason why he didnt come was not made clear. 他没来的原因没有弄清楚。,三、关系代词as引导的定语从句 as可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼
7、应，从句中的谓语动词常省略。 We jumped for joy at the news，as was natural. 我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。 We do the same work as they (do). 我们和他们干同样的活。 He is not the same man as he was. 他和从前不一样了。 I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. 我希望得到像他正在用的那样的一本词典。,四、关系代词that与which的用法区别 1.关系代词用which不用that的情况 (1)非限制性定语从句中
8、。 He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 (2)关系词前有介词时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. 这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。 (3)先行词本身是that时。 Whats that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？,(4)关系代词后有插入语时。 Here is the English grammar book which，I
9、think，can help improve your English. 这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书。 2.关系代词用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all，everything，nothing，something，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。 That is all that I want to say. 那就是所有我想要说的。,(2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 When people talk about Hangzhou，the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
10、 当人们谈及杭州时，第一个想到的是西湖。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 (3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。,(4)当先行词被the very，the only等修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that helps me a lot. 这正是那本对我帮助很大的词典。 (5)当先行词
11、既指人又指事物时。 They talked about the things and persons that they remembered. 他们谈论了他们所记得的人和事。 (6)在there be句型中。 Theres a foreign man that lives in that village. 有一个外国人住在那个村子里。,.“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 一、关系代词的选定 如果先行词指事(物)，关系代词就用which，指人用whom。 This is the classroom in which we studied last year. 这就是我们去年学习用的教室。 The
12、re are sixty students in our class，twenty of whom are girls. 我们班有六十名学生，其中二十名是女生。,二、介词的选定 1.根据先行词来选用介词。 The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. 我来这儿的原因是我想得到你的帮助。 The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look. 我曾经工作过的农场呈现出一派新景象。,2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。 The person t
13、o whom this letter was addressed died three years ago. 这封信的收信人三年前就去世了。 Volleyball is a sport of which I am very fond. 排球是我很喜欢的运动。,3.根据句意确定介词。 Air，without which man cant live，is really important. 空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。 注意：很多情况下关系副词可以用“介词which/whom”来代替。 The day when I met the famous pop star was the gre
14、atest day of my life. The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life. 见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。 This is a hall where the medical conference will be held. This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held. 医学会议将在这个礼堂召开。,.用适当的关系词填空,高考链接,1.Two of the authors of the r
15、eview also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018全国) 2.Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018浙江)
16、 3.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏),that/which,who/that,where,4.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京) 5.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise. (2016北京) 6
17、.Creating an atmosphere in employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015浙江) 7.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津),that/which,whose,which,where,8.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time he shou
18、ld be able to be independent.(2015陕西) 9.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.(2015安徽) 10.A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014山东),when,which,whose,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),1.They also had a small pond which they rai
19、sed fish. (2018全国，短文改错),或They also had a small pond which they raised fish., in,where,2.The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.(2018全国，短文改错),when,3.Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.(2017
20、全国，短文改错) 4.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川，短文改错),which/that,或The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.,which/that,.单句语法填空,达标检测,1.She lives in a house windows all face south. 2.Jack is always ready to help others is a very kind-hearted man. 3.The train has just left is for Nann
21、ing. 4.This is the most interesting novel Ive ever read. 5.In the dark street，there wasnt a single person whom she could turn for help.,whose,who/that,which/that,that,to,6.He built a telescope which he could study the skies. 7.I didnt know the reason which he came late. 8.Do you remember the day on
22、you joined our club? 9.Do you still remember the farm we worked three months ago? 10.She described in her composition the people and places impressed her most.,through,for,which,where,that,.把下列句子合并为含有定语从句的主从复合句,11.The students article was published.I know the student. _ 12.My grandparents live in a
23、house.It lies at the foot of the mountain. _ _ 13.There came a day.The rain fell at last then. _,I know the student whose article was published.,My grandparents live in a house which/that lies at the foot of the mountain.,There came a day when the rain fell at last.,14.We will start at the point.We
24、left off there. _ 15.Give me one good reason.I should help you for the reason. _,We will start at the point where we left off.,Give me one good reason why/for which I should help you.,.语法填空,(2017安徽青阳一中高一期中) One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival.I left it early because I had a
25、n appointment 16. (late) that day.My friends 17. (walk) me to the bus stop and waited with me until the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man 18. (sit) at the front.He 19. (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be 20._ (mental
26、) disabled.,later,walked,sitting,was pretending,mentally,Behind him were other people to 21. he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking 22. (annoy).I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him 23. his own either. After a whi
27、le I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had an 24. (amaze) conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy 25._ rest of the way home. Im glad I made the choice.It made both of us feel good.,whom,annoyed,on,amazing,the,单
28、元写作 Writing a discursive essay,技法点拨,正反对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。正反对比类议论文在高考中占很大比例，是中学英语写作的重点体裁之一。 正反对比类议论文的表现形式是：先提出某个现象，然后进行正反两方面的论述，是一种限定性的写作，其论点、论据和论证相对比较简单。它要求同学们结合题目要求，从正反两个方面陈述各自的理由，要点要全面，层次要清晰，通常最后都要求简述自己的看法，来引发人们的思考。,写作指导,正反对比类议论文通常分成四段：第一段综述议论的内容；第二段表述正方观点及理由；第三段表达反方的观点及理由；第四段陈述自己的观点。 正反对比类议论文
29、一般是同一时态，对当前某种观点的议论用一般现在时，对过去讨论的阐述要用一般过去时，最后在表达自己的观点时，要用一般现在时。,正反对比类议论文模板： 导入：第1段 Recently weve had a discussion about whether we should.(导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧) 正文： 第2段：Most of the students are in favor of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons.First，.Second，.Finally，.(列出23个赞成的理
30、由),第3段：However，the others are strongly against it.(反方观点) Their reasons are as follows.In the first place.Whats more.In addition.(列出23个反对的理由) 结论：第4段 Personally speaking，the advantages overweigh the disadvantages，for it will do us more good，so I support it.(个人观点),1.Last week，we had a discussion about
31、whether. 2.There are two different opinions about. 3.Some think that.，but others say/consider that. 4.Some students are for/agree to it，while/but others are against/disagree to it. 5.On the one hand.，on the other hand. 6.Generally (speaking)，more students think we should.,常用表达,7.First，.Second，.Final
32、ly，. 8.Besides/In addition/Also/Apart from it. 9.As a result，.Therefore，. 10.I have my own view about.,随着互联网的发展和流行，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了，双十一成了一个代名词。某英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论中学生网上购物的问题。请结合实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件，谈谈你对中学生网购的看法。 1.网上购物的好处； 2.网上购物的缺点； 3.中学生对网购应该持什么样的态度。,典题示例,写作要求是根据提示写一篇短文，谈谈中学生网购的利弊。写作时应注意下面几点： 1.确定文体：这是一
33、篇正反对比类议论文，写作中应注意文章的结构，常分为四段。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3.主体人称：人称应该以第三人称为主，表达自己的观点时要用第一人称。,审题谋篇,_ _ _ _ _ _,联想词汇,要点词句,1.变得越来越受欢迎 2.在的帮助下 3.代替，而不是 4.省钱 5.导致 6.因为,become more and more popular with the help of instead of save moneyy lead to/cause/contribute to/result in due to/thanks to/because of/as a result
34、 of,句式升级,1.此外，我们可以通过比较不同网上商店的商品价格来节省开支。Besides，we might save money by comparing the price of goods _in different online shops.(限制性定语从句)Besides，we might save money by comparing the price of goods in different online shops.(过去分词短语作后置定语),that/,sold,which are sold,2.另外，你不能试穿这些衣服看看尺寸是否适合你，不像你在实体店里购物那样。Fo
35、r another，you cant try on the clothes to see whether they fit you or not like you do .(时间状语从句)For another，you cant try on the clothes to see whether they fit you or not like you do .(状语从句的省略),when you are shopping in a real shop,when shopping in a real shop,3.总之，我认为中学生应该对网上购物持谨慎态度。All in all， high s
36、chool students should have a cautious attitude towards online shopping.(宾语从句)All in all， high school students should have a cautious attitude towards online shopping.(同位语从句),I think that,I hold the view that,连句成篇,Opinions on Online Shopping With the development of the Internet，online shopping has be
37、come more and more popular in China.Im writing to share my views about online shopping. On the one hand，with the help of online shopping，we can buy things we want at home instead of going to the shopping mall.Besides，we might save money by comparing the price of goods sold in different online shops.
38、,On the other hand，it might lead to many problems.For one thing，your package cant always reach you on time due to various unexpected reasons.For another，you cant try on the clothes to see whether they fit you or not like you do when shopping in a real shop. All in all，I hold the view that high school students should have a cautious attitude towards online shopping.,