1、Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia,单元语法动词不定式和but不定式,内容索引,Period Three Grammar & Writing,单元写作Writing about environmental problems,单元语法 动词不定式和but不定式,.课文原句感知 1.Scientists have tried many ways (solve) this problem and in China，a mass campaign has been started (help) solve it. 2.The storms sometimes continue al
2、l day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult (see). 3.Weather experts advise people not (go) out.,语法感知,语法导学,to solve,to see,to go,to help,4.Its difficult (breathe) and the dust makes me ill.So if you want (go) out，youd better wear a mask. 5. (prevent) it coming neare
3、r，the government is planting trees.,to breathe,to go,To prevent,.完成句子 1.他要求被派往农村工作。 He asked to work in the countryside. 2.看到父亲睡着了，他尽量不弄出任何声响来。 Seeing his father was asleep， . 3.她看起来比实际年龄年轻多了。 She appears than her age. 4.明天举行的会议是关于如何控制污染的。 The meeting tomorrow is about how to control the pollution.,
4、to be sent,he tried not to make any noise,to be much younger,to be held,一、动词不定式的时态和语态形式,语法精析,1.动词不定式的一般式：表示与主动词处于同一时间层面或动作发生于主动词之后。 He seems to understand what I said. 他似乎明白我说的话。 2.动词不定式的进行式：表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。 The two cheats pretended to be working hard. 那两个骗子假装在努力工作。,3.动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。 Sh
5、e seems to have seen this film. 她似乎已看过这部影片。 4.动词不定式的被动语态：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。 She asked to be treated equally. 她要求被公平对待。,二、动词不定式的句法功能 不定式的句法功能是作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、定语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语和评论性状语。 To live in China is Mr Smiths dream.(主语) 生活在中国是史密斯先生的梦想。 She promised to give him a chance.(宾语) 她答应给他一个机会。,Your job
6、 is to wash dishes.(表语) 你的工作是刷盘子。 The teacher told his students to pay attention to their pronunciation.(宾语补足语) 老师告诉学生们要注意发音。 I was asked to help him with his lessons.(主语补足语) 我被请求帮他学功课。 Have you got a pencil to draw pictures with？(定语) 你有绘图的铅笔吗？,Im ashamed to have to trouble you.(原因状语) 我很惭愧不得不麻烦你。 So
7、me scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.(目的状语) 一些科学家去德国参加医学大会。 He was too excited to say anything.(结果状语) 他兴奋得说不出话来。 I have never seen such a person，to tell you the truth.(评论性状语) 实话告诉你，我从来没见过这样一个人。,三、复合结构的不定式 “for名词(或代词宾格)动词不定式”即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在
8、句中可作主语、表语、宾语或状语。 It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 为收获的季节准备好一切对我们来说很重要。,当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong，careless，impolite等。 It is very kind of you to help him every day. 你真是太好了，每天都帮他。,四、
9、疑问词动词不定式 疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。 How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem. 如何阻止他们在这条河里游泳是个问题。,五、but不定式 动词不定式在but，except，besides等表示“除了”之意的介词后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则带to。 She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭什么也不能做。 Tom did nothing except wait before hi
10、s parents came home. 父母回家之前，汤姆只有等待。,What do you like to do besides swim? 除了游泳你还喜欢做什么？ He did nothing else but laugh. 他只是笑笑而已。 I have no choice but to accept the fact. 除了接受这一事实，我别无选择。,拓展延伸 在cant but，cant help but，cant choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。 There being no buses，he cant but walk home. 由于没有公共汽车
11、，他只能步行回家。 He cant choose but accept the offer. 他别无选择只能接受提议。,.用所给动词的正确形式填空,高考链接,1.You dont have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit. (2018全国) 2.During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together (share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. (2018北京) 3.The government enco
12、urages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality. (2018全国),to see,to share,to,improve,4.I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train _(catch).(2017天津) 5.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online (save) their valuable time.(2017
13、北京) 6.They are required (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国) 7. (make) it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.(2016北京),to,to save,to process,To make,catch,8.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up th
14、eir heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day.(2015全国) 9.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. (2015陕西) 10.There are still many problems (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on th
15、e Moon.(2014北京),to cool,to thank,to be solved,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误),1.When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！(2017全国，短文改错) 2.Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. (2015四川，短文改错),
16、 to, to,3.I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits. (2015陕西，短文改错) 4.Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I might make my toys to last.(2012新课标全国，短文改错), to,5.The commanding officer，Wayne Tyler，who was directly responsible for the study of all such reports，d
17、ecided to making his findings known. (2011辽宁，短文改错) 6.My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.(2011大纲全国，短文改错),make,stay,.用所给动词的正确形式填空,达标检测,1.She didnt move quickly enough (avoid) being knocked down by the car. 2.I think it is very import
18、ant (protect) this rare species. 3.Li Na was proud (win) several champions at home and abroad. 4.Are you going to the concert (give) next weekend by Lang Lang，a young pianist?,to avoid,to have won,to protect,to be given,5.How brave the girl was when facing the fire！We cannot but _ (admire) her.,admi
19、re,.句型转换,6.She wishes she could become a sports star. Her wish is . 7.The doctor didnt allow the patient to eat fatty food. The doctor eat fatty food. 8.The cold-blooded animal could not choose but lie down and sleep in winter. The cold-blooded animal lie down and sleep in winter.,to become a sports
20、 star,warned the patient not to,had no choice but to,9.I went to the classroom and found it had been locked. I went to the classroom， it had been locked. 10.Tom is so young that he cant go to school. Tom is go to school.,only to find,too young to,.语法填空,(2018江西上饶广丰区高一期中) I dreamed of becoming a teach
21、er when I was little.However，I didnt go to college after high school because my family was poor. Instead，I found 11. job and started working.But I didnt want to give up my dream.In order to make my dream 12. (come) true，I returned to college.When I was 28 years old，I 13. (final) obtained my college
22、degree.,a,come,finally,One day，I 14. (give) an opportunity for an interview at a primary school.I thought Id surely get the job，but the fact that I lost the job made me 15. (surprise).I called the head teacher,16._ gave me the interview，and asked why.He said he thought highly 17._ me until the end o
23、f the interview.He noticed a hole in one of my socks.He said，“If someone doesnt take the time 18. (present) his or her best image at an interview，what kind of teacher is he or she going to be？” Because of carelessness，I failed 19. (get) the job I wanted.Meanwhile，I remembered the head teachers words
24、.So far I 20. (find) another job and I love it very much.,was given,surprised,who,of,to present,to get,have found,单元写作 Writing about environmental problems,技法点拨,关于环境保护方面的议论文一般应注意以下几个方面： 1.观点明确，论据充分，时态正确。 2.条理清晰，内容连贯；可以使用it is well-known/as we all know/as is known，however/but，on the other hand等过渡性词汇。
25、 3.环保类议论文一般按照“三段论”来写：介绍现象(提出问题)提出相关应对措施呼吁人们增强环保意识，自觉保护环境。,写作指导,1.Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. 2.The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. 3.On the one hand.on the other (hand). 4.When it
26、 comes to.，most people believe that.，but other people regard.as. 5.Measures have been taken to deal with these problems by the government.,常用表达,6.I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better. 7.In my opinion/It seems to me that./As far as I know. 8.
27、A public education campaign should be launched to make people have a good knowledge of environment.,近年来沙尘暴肆虐我国。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点用英语写一篇100词左右的信向报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。 过去我的家乡是一个美丽的地方。茂密的树木和青草随处可见。可是，为了盖房和种更多的庄稼，人们砍掉了越来越多的树。随着时间的流逝，整个树林几乎全被破坏了。渐渐地，青山变成了荒地。结果，沙尘暴时常来袭，给我们带来很多灾害。所以，我真的希望所有的人都认识到不保护环境的严重后果。而且，为了
28、改善生活状况，我们应看护好树林，种更多的树而不是砍树。 参考词汇：荒地wasteland,典题示例,写作要求是写一篇关于沙尘暴的文章。写作时应注意下面几点： 1.确定文体：这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，写作中应注意文章结构。 2.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3.主体人称：人称应该以第三人称为主。,审题谋篇,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,联想词汇,要点词句,1.过去常常做某事 2.为了 3.砍伐(树木) 4.结果 5.不时地 6.处理，处置 7.在乎，关心 8.照顾，照料,used to do sth. in order to/so as to cut down as a result no
29、w and then deal with care about take care of,句式升级,1.过去我的家乡是一个美丽的地方。，my hometown was a beautiful place.(介词短语)My hometown a beautiful place.(used to) 2.结果，沙尘暴时常来袭，给我们带来很多灾害。As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then，_ _.(并列句)As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then，_ _.(非限制性定语从句),In the past,u
30、sed to be,and we suffered a,lot from it,from which we,suffered a lot,3.所以，我真的希望所有的人都能认识到不保护环境的严重后果。So，I all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment.(do强调谓语动词)So, its all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment.(同位语从句
31、),do hope that,my hope that,4.而且，为了改善生活状况，我们应看护好树林，种更多的树而不是砍树。， ，we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down.(moreover；in order to do)，we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down _. (whats more；so as to do),M
32、oreover in order to improve our living conditions,Whats more,so as to improve our living conditions,My hometown used to be a beautiful place.Thick trees and green grass could be seen everywhere.However，in order to build houses and grow more crops，people cut down more and more trees.As time went on，t
33、he whole woods were almost destroyed.Gradually，the green hills have changed into a wasteland.As a result，sandstorms struck us now and then，from which we suffered a lot.,连句成篇,Dear Editor， Id like to tell you something about the changes of my hometown.,Measures should be taken to deal with these problems.So，its my hope that all the people should realize the terrible result of not caring about our environment.Whats more，we should take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down so as to improve our living conditions.,Yours， Li Hua,