1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China,Along with silk and paper，gunpowder is another invention by Chinese and the Silk Road helped it spread to the West.The dating of gunpowder is as early as 850 AD.The Chinese used gunpowder to make fireworks and for signal flares.Gunpowder wa
2、s also thought to have been used in medicine and in alchemy(炼金术). This invention seems to have been discovered in China by accidentby alchemists when doing experiments.,话题导入,The gunpowder used for military purpose was first recorded in 919 AD.By the 11th century，explosive bombs filled with gunpowder
3、 were introduced and used in China.The words “fire cannon” “rocket” and “fireball” appeared time and again in the official Song history as well as two other books written during the same period. The first detailed description of using the “fire cannon” in warfare was in connection with a battle foug
4、ht in 1126 when the Song army used it against the invading enemy. The so-called “fire cannon” was a tube,made of bamboo filled with gunpowder which，when fired，threw a flaming missile towards the enemy.According to a description of a battle scene in 1132，it took two persons to carry a “fire cannon”，a
5、nd the cannons were fired from a moving platform.And this platform had to be moved close to the wall of the besieged(被围攻的) city. The Chinese invention of gunpowder reached Japan，the Islamic countries and then Europe in the 13th century and the Arabs improved gunpowder for military use. The early acc
6、ount of gunpowder in Europe,was recorded by English philosopher Roger Bacon in the 13th century.One century later the Arabs used it to attack the Spanish town Baza and the next year in 1326 Florence ordered the manufacturing of cannon and cannon balls.From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread t
7、o other European countries，and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.,根据上文完成下列各题 1.Whats the best title of the passage? _ 2.List the countries the Chinese invention of gunpowder reached. (1) ； (2) ； (3) .,Gunpowder,Japan,Islamic countries,European countries,基础自测,课文预读,内容索引
8、,要点探究,当堂达标,Period One Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary,基础自测,.重点单词 1. adj.平等的 2. n.重要；重要性adj.重要的 3. n.哲学家n.哲学 4. n.(常作复数)教导；学说vt.讲授；教授n.教师,equal,importance,important,philosopher,philosophy,teaching,teach,teacher,5. n.思想家vt.想；思索；认为n.思考；想法 6. n.仁慈；善良adj.仁慈的，善良的 7. n.秩序 8. n.原则；准则 9. n.职位,thinker,t
9、hink,thought,kindness,kind,order,principle,position,10. vt.强调 11. vi.辞职 12. n.顾问vt.劝告；建议n.忠告；建议 13. adj.有影响的n.影响；vt.影响；对起作用,stress,resign,adviser,advise,advice,influential,influence,.重点短语 1. 与相似 2. 与交战 3. 养育，抚养；提出 4. 采纳某人的建议 5. 因而出名 6. 在某些方面,be similar to,be at war with,bring up,follow ones advice,b
10、ecome famous for,in some ways,.重点句式,Treat others in . 己所不欲，勿施于人。,1.the way作先行词的定语从句,the way you want to be treated,But it was also a time there were many great philosophers. 但那也是一个产生了许多伟大的哲学家的时期。,2.It is/was a time when.,when,He taught that if the government was kind，then people (be) good. 他教导说如果政府施
11、行仁政，人民就会向善。,4.if引导的虚拟条件句,would be,Mencius believed that the reason man is different from animals isman is good. 孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。,3.the reason why.is that.,why,that,课文预读,.阅读课文，匹配段落大意 1.Para.1 A.Menciuss teachings. 2.Para.2 B.Mozis philosophy. 3.Para.3 C.Confuciuss ideas.,.课文阅读理解 1.What is the
12、main idea of Confucius according to the text? A.Kindness，duty and order in society are very important. B.Government is more important than its people. C.All men are created equal. D.All men are born good.,答案,1,2,3,4,5,2.What was the possible relationship between Confucius and Mencius? A.Teacher and
13、student. B.Mencius was the follower of Confuciuss ideas. C.They all worked for the same state. D.Nothing related at all.,1,2,3,4,5,答案,3.In which way was Mozis idea the same as that of Confucius? A.Men should be kind. B.Men were born equal. C.Government should be more emphasized than its people. D.Pe
14、ople were more important than the government.,1,2,3,4,5,答案,4.In Menciuss opinion，which was the most important，the government，the ruler or the people? A.The government. B.The ruler. C.The people. D.Not mentioned.,1,2,3,4,5,答案,5.What is the similarity of the three philosophers in ancient China accordi
15、ng to the text? A.They were all born poor. B.They all wrote their own books. C.They all travelled from state to state. D.Their philosophies all influenced China for a long time.,1,2,3,4,5,答案,.课文阅读填空,kindness,duty,order,his mother,position,resigned,good,rulers,equal,human beings,要点探究,All human beings
16、 are equal. 众生平等。,重点词汇,(1)equal adj.相等的；平等的；vt.等于；比得上；n.同等的人，相等物 be equal to sth./doing sth.胜任；比得上 be equal (to sb.) in sth.在某方面(与某人)是同等的 equal sb.in sth.在某方面比得上某人 have no equal in sth.在某方面没有对手 (2)equally adv.相等地；平等地；同样地；公平地 (3)equality n.相等；平等,归纳拓展,(1)Divide the cake into equal parts. 把蛋糕分成等份。 (2)S
17、he is very weak and not equal to making a long journey. 她身体虚弱，不堪长途旅行。 (3)No one was equal to her in skills and experience. 论技术和经验，没人能比得上她。 (4)He has no equal in music. 在音乐方面无人能与他匹敌。,语境助记,(1)用equal的正确形式填空 The new law provided for of human rights. We will be demanding rights at work. Anyone，whether he
18、 is an official or a bus driver，should be _ respected.,题组训练,equality,equal,equally,(2)句型转换 I think I am fit for the job. I think I the job. My brother equals me in strength. My brother in strength. (3)单句改错 As is known to us all，all men are born equally.,am equal to,is equal to me,equal,be at war wit
19、h.与交战 declare war on.对宣战,Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。,归纳拓展,(1)During the Second World War，Germany was at war with almost all the countries in the world. 第二次世界大战期间，德国几乎同世界上所有的国家都处于交战状态。 (2)Germany declared war on France on 1 August 1914.
20、德国在1914年8月1日向法国宣战。,语境助记,(1)用适当的介词填空 At that time，China was at war Japan，so travelling was extremely difficult. The government declared war the drug dealers. (2)完成句子 How long have they (相互交战)?,题组训练,with,on,been at war with each other,思考 在be at war with.中，at是什么意思？类似的短语还有哪些？，常见的类似短语有：在吃饭 在工作在休息 安心出海 在上
21、学处于和平状态,“at名词”表示“正在进行”或“从事”或“处于某种状态”,at dinner/table,at work,at rest,at ease,at sea,at school,at peace,He stressed the importance of kindness，duty and order in society. 他强调仁爱、责任和秩序在社会中的重要性。,归纳拓展1,(1)stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张；n.强调；压力；重音 stress the importance of.强调的重要性 lay/place/put stress on.强调 be under g
22、reat stress处于重压之下 (2)stressed adj.紧张的；有压力的(常修饰人) (3)stressful adj.压力大的(常修饰物),(1)The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing. 雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。 (2)One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015浙江) 减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人聊聊你的感受。 (3)E
23、nglish teachers lay/place/put stress on reading a lot. 英语老师强调要大量阅读。,语境助记1,(1)单句语法填空 Happiness is what you feel when youre not feeling (stress). Teaching can be a (stress) and tiring job. Students in Senior 3 are great stress，because no one will take the risk of failing in the college entrance examin
24、ations. (2)完成句子 Our headmaster (强调了合作的重要性) at the meeting yesterday.,题组训练1,stressed,stressful,under,stressed the importance of cooperation,order n.秩序；顺序；命令；订单；vt.命令；订购；点菜 in order有序地；整齐的 out of order发生故障；次序颠倒 in order to do in order that place an order with sb.for sth.向某人订购某物 order sb.to do sth.命令某人
25、做某事 order that.命令(从句谓语动词用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略),归纳拓展2,为了,(1)The boss ordered that everything in the room (should) be in order. 老板命令房间里的一切东西都要秩序井然。 (2)I cant use my computer because it is out of order. 我无法使用我的电脑，因为它出故障了。 (3)In order to find a better job，he decided to study a second foreign l
26、anguage. 为了找个更好的工作，他决定再学一门外语。,语境助记2,(1)单句语法填空 Our headteachers order is that our homework _ (hand) in after school. (order) over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京) Mum always keeps everything in the house order. I cant make a call，as our phone is out order. Would you l
27、ike to place an order me 100 copies of the book?,题组训练2,(should) be handed,Ordered,in,of,with,for,(2)一句多译 老师命令他尽早开始。 The teacher as soon as possible. The teacher as soon as possible.,ordered him to start,ordered that he (should) start,bring up教育，抚养(孩子)；提出(议题等)；呕吐 bring out使显现；说明；出版 bring about引起，导致 b
28、ring down降低；减少 bring in吸引；引进；赚得,His father died when he was young，and he was brought up by his mother. 他早年丧父，由其母亲抚养成人。,归纳拓展,(1)The woman had to bring up three young children on her own after her husband left her. 在她丈夫离开她之后，这位妇女不得不独自抚养三个年幼的孩子。 (2)People laughed at the idea when I first brought it up.
29、 我第一次提出这个主意来时，遭到了人们的嘲笑。 (3)He brought up all he ate. 他把吃的东西全都吐出来了。,语境助记,(1)用适当的介、副词填空 The examples bring the meaning of this word. I tried to get them to bring the price of the TV set，but they refused.So I didnt buy it. They started to use English，but they also brought some words from their own lang
30、uages. What brought the change in his attitude? Once the poison is brought ，there is no further danger.,题组训练,out,down,in,about,up,(2)同义词语替换 Please bring up your suggestion at the next meeting. _,put forward/come up with,Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man i
31、s good. 孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。,经典句式,归纳拓展,(1)句子结构the reason why.is that.用来陈述理由，意思是“的理由/原因是”。 (2)当reason用作定语从句的宾语时，引导词用that或which，且that/which可以省去。 (3)This/That is because.这/那是因为，because在此句式中引导表语从句。,(1)The reason why he broke down is that he worked too hard recently. 他身体垮掉的原因是他近来工作太辛苦了。 (2)I dont beli
32、eve the reason (that/which) he told me for his being late. 我不相信他告诉我的他迟到的理由。,语境助记,(1)单句语法填空 The reason he gave that day was actually made up by himself.In fact，the reason he was absent is he went to see a film. He went on a business trip last week，and that is he didnt go to your birthday party. I qui
33、t my job yesterday.This is I was offered a better one in another company.,题组训练,that/which,why,that,why,because,(2)单句改错 The reason why he didnt come is because he was ill. The reason why he explained to me about his failure was that he hadnt made full preparations.,that,that/which,He taught that if t
34、he government was kind，then people would be good. 他教导说如果政府施行仁政，人民就会向善。,归纳拓展,本句中的that引导的宾语从句中包含一个if引导的虚拟条件句。该结构中，根据动作时间的不同，主从句谓语动词需要采用相应的形式：,(1)If I were you，I should buy it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。(与现在事实相反) (2)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I would have been injured.(2016天津) 我当时系着安全带。如果没系
35、的话，我会受伤的。(与过去事实相反) (3)If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy. 如果嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。(与将来事实相反),语境助记,(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空 If I (have) time now，I would chat with you. Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week？If you_ (tell) me，I could have helped.(2016北京) If it (snow) tomorrow，what should we do? If I
36、were a teacher，I (give) the students no homework.,题组训练,had,had told,snowed/were to snow/should snow,would/should/could/might give,(2)单句改错 Had you told me about it earlier，I would come to your aid., have,句式分析 句子中where.each other是 从句，修饰先行词 ，where在从句中作 状语。 自主翻译 _,Ancient China was a place where states
37、were often at war with each other.,难句分析,定语,place,地点,古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。,句式分析 本句中，when引导一个 状语从句，该从句中又含有一个that引导的 从句，作 的宾语。 自主翻译 _,However，when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice，he resigned.,时间,宾语,saw,然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的建议时,他便辞去了官职。,当堂达标,.单词拼写 1.He emphasized the (重要性) of careful driving. 2
38、.His father has a high (职位) in the government. 3.The report (强调) that students math skills need to be improved. 4.Youd better not before you find a better job. 5.She is a most (有影响的) figure in local politics.,importance,position,stressed,resign,influential,6.Cleverness is a gift while (善良) is a choi
39、ce. 7.What is right is to give all children opportunities to develop their special gift. 8.Traffic rules are made to keep on the road. 9.We will learn some eastern (学说)to guide us. 10.Leonardo da Vinci，one of the greatest (思想家) in the world，is also an artist.,kindness,equal,order,teachings,thinkers,
40、.选词填空11.The President has said his country is not and will never _ other countries. 12.His new suggestion was at the meeting. 13.My teaching style that of most other teachers. 14.To tell you the truth，I quite like Jays new album . 15.You should learn to yourself.,in some ways；be at war with；bring up
41、；be similar to；look after,be at war with,brought up,is similar to,in some ways,look after,.完成句子 16.If (天气好的话) now，we would have a picnic. 17.I dont like the way (你对我讲话的方式). 18.His self-confidence (对我有着重大的影响). 19. (曾经有一段时期) this kind of music was quite popular. 20.The reason why I didnt attend his we
42、dding was _ _ (我没有收到他的邀请).,the weather/it were fine,(that/in which) you speak to me,has a great influence on me,There was a time when,that I hadnt,received his invitation,.课文语法填空 There were many great philosophers in ancient China. Confucius,21. was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC，was the 22. (gre
43、at) philosopher.He stressed the importance of 23._ (kind)，duty and order in society.His ideas affected Chinese society for over 2,000 years. Mencius，born in 372 BC，was a student of Confuciuss ideas.So，his 24. (teach) were similar to those of Confucius.He believed,who,greatest,kindness,teachings,man
44、was born good and 25. people were more important than rulers.He wrote a book in his last years 26. (name) The Book of Mencius. Mozi，who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC，was also 27._ influential philosopher.In some ways，his ideas were similar to those of Confucius.28. example，he 29. (think) government was the most important.Mozi believed all men were 30. (equally).His idea of love differed from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.,