1、Unit 3 Science and nature,基础自测,内容索引,要点探究,当堂达标,Period Two Word power & Grammar and usage,语法专题,基础自测,.重点单词 1. n.职业，行业 2. n.突破 3. adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的n.起源，起因；出身 4. n.判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决v.判断，评价n.裁判,profession,breakthrough,original,origin,judgement,judge,.重点短语 1. 结果证明 2. 准备就绪；把放回原处 3. 与相似 4. 弄明白；算出 5. 耗尽体力，累
2、垮,turn out,put.in place,be similar to,figure out,be/get burnt out,.重点句式,1.介词短语位于句首的倒装,At the top of the school ，known as the brain. 高居学校顶部的就是校长，就是众所周知的大脑。,2.always与进行时连用,He in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. 他总在实验室里工作，尽其所能的弄明白所有让他感到困惑的神秘事件。,is the headmaster,is
3、always working,要点探究,重点词汇,经典句式,put.in place准备就绪，布置妥当；把放回原处 in place在适当的位置 out of place不在恰当的位置，不合时宜 take the place of代替；取代,In my opinion，tight laws should be put in place to make cloning human beings illegal. 在我看来，应当实施严格的法律，使得克隆人类是非法的。,归纳拓展,重点词汇,(1)After you read the book，please put it in place. 书看完之后
4、请你放回原处。 (2)Here is a book to take the place of the one I lost. 这儿有本书可替代我丢失的那一本。,语境助记,(1)我们刚刚搬进来，还需把一切放置妥当。 We just moved in and still needed to . (2)你在那个时候笑出声来，是不应该的。 It was for you to laugh at that time.,题组训练,put everything in place,out of place,(3)Injured in hand，the man found it difficult to hold
5、 the box in place. A.the；/ B.the；the C./；/ D.his；the,答案,解析,injure/hurt/beat/hit等词后跟sb.作宾语，表示某部位时加定冠词the；in place在适当的位置，准备就绪。,breakthrough n.(知识或技术领域的)突破，重大进展 have/make/achieve a breakthrough取得突破 break through突破,He told me he had had a breakthrough. 他告诉我他取得了一个突破。,归纳拓展,(1)To our joy，there are so many
6、breakthroughs in science and technology all over the world in recent years. 使我们高兴的是，最近几年全世界在科学和技术方面有那么多的突破。 (2)He has made/had a breakthrough in physics. 他在物理方面取得了突破。,语境助记,题组训练,(1)据说科学家们将在自然科学方面有突破。 It is said that scientists will in natural science.,make/have/achieve a breakthrough,(2)Scientists ho
7、pe to soon in their fight against heart disease. A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break in,答案,解析,句意为：科学家们希望能尽快在应对心脏病方面有所突破。break up分解，打断；break out爆发，发生；break through突破；break in闯入，打断。,(1)judgement n.判断力；见识；看法，意见；判决，裁决 in ones judgement在某人看来 make a judgement作出判断 (2)judging from/by从看来,I think w
8、e should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning. 当我们做有关克隆的决定时，我认为我们应该慎重，并运用良好的判断力。,归纳拓展,(1)In my judgement，he is a very good football player. 依我看，他是一个非常优秀的足球运动员。 (2)He refused to make a judgement about the situation. 他拒绝对形势作出评价。,语境助记,题组训练,(1)她把工作交给马克表明她缺乏判断力。 She show
9、ed when she gave Mark the job. (2)从她上一封信看，她们过得非常愉快。her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.,a lack of judgement,Judging by/from,(3) the happy look on her face when she received the call，it must be good news. A.Judged from B.Judging from C.To judge from D.Judge from,答案,解析,judging from根据来判断，是
10、一种固定的表达方式。句意为：从她接电话的高兴的表情可以判断出一定有好消息。,be/get burnt out筋疲力尽，累垮 burn out耗尽体力，累垮；燃尽，烧光 burn down烧毁 burn away烧光，烧掉,Im totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。,归纳拓展,(1)He was burnt out after finishing the work. 完成工作之后，他筋疲力尽了。 (2)He let the fire burn itself out. 他让火自己熄灭。,语境助记,题组训练,(1)那座房子被闪电击中烧光了。 That house was struck
11、 by lightning and . (2)油灯中一半的油已经烧掉了。 Half the oil in the lamp .,burnt down,had burnt away,(3)Lucy was completely after jogging in the hot sun all afternoon；she had little energy left. A.kicked out B.burnt out C.handed out D.put out,答案,解析,考查动词短语辨析。句意为：露西在骄阳下跑了一下午之后累极了，几乎没力气了。be burnt out耗尽体力，累垮。,At t
12、he top of the school is the headmaster，known as the brain. 高居学校顶部的是校长，就是众所周知的大脑。,经典句式,(1)此句是一个简单句。介词短语at the top of the school位于句首，句子要使用完全倒装结构；known as the brain为过去分词短语作后置定语。,归纳拓展,(2)在英语中，通常有以下几种情况需用完全倒装结构： 简单句中如有介词短语放在句首，句子用倒装结构。 当主语有较长的修饰成分，尤其是带有定语从句的时候，要用倒装结构。 当句子以there，here，now，then，up，down，out，
13、in等副词开头，句子主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装的形式。句子谓语不用进行时态形式，如果要表示现在正在发生的动作，常用一般现在时表示。,(1)Gone are the days when we used the foreign oil. 我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。 (2)The door opened and in came the headmaster. 门开了，校长进来了。 (3)In front of the building stands a tall tree. 在大楼前有一棵很高的树。,语境助记,题组训练,(1)从前，这个山上住着一位老人。 Once upon a time，
14、 an old man on the hill.,there lived,(2)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ，one of the ten largest cities in China. A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie,答案,解析,考查倒装。表示方位的介词短语at the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing R
15、iver位于句首，故此处应该用完全倒装。,当always与进行时态连用时，表示反复发生的动作，有一定的感情色彩，如不满、抱怨、厌恶、赞赏等。,He is always working in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled. 他总在实验室里工作，尽其所能弄明白所有让他感到困惑的神秘事件。,归纳拓展,(1)The boy is always crying. 那男孩总哭。 (2)He is always helping others. 他常常帮助别人。,语境助记,题组训练,(1)我的同桌老是问我
16、问题。 My deskmate me questions.,is always asking,(2)I didnt like Aunt Lucy，who without warning and bringing us presents. A.always turned up B.has always turned up C.was always turning up D.was always turned up,答案,解析,always，often，constantly，forever，all the time等副词与现在(过去)进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞
17、扬等意味。,当堂达标,.词形变换,1.None of us are (hope) and we all have the power within ourselves to recover. 2.I cant make that decision for you；you will have to use your_ (judge). 3.One of the (power) actions the government has taken is to knock down the (legal) buildings to restore the beauty of the city. 4.If
18、 you get asked (comfort) questions，theres always a polite way of refusing to answer. 5.The (origin) settlers are the Indians.,hopeless,judgement,powerful,illegal,uncomfortable,original,6.She (总是炫耀) her knowledge in front of her classmates. 7.Just in front of our house (站着一棵高大的树) with a history of 1,
19、000 years. 8.My job is (教英语). 9. (依我看)，all of them are to blame. 10. (从他的话判断)，he was very disappointed.,.完成句子,is always showing off,stands a tall tree,to teach English/teaching English,In my judgement/opinion,Judging from what he said,.单项填空,11.So absorbed in his work that not a sound .(2017徐州高二期中) A
20、.was the president；did she dare to make B.was the president；dared she to make C.the president was；she dared make D.the president was；she did dare to make,答案,解析,考查倒装句。句意为：总统正全神贯注于他的工作，以至于她一点声音都不敢发出来。第一空是因为so.that.句型中soadj./adv.放在句首，用部分倒装；第二空是否定词或者半否定词放在句首，后面使用部分倒装。故A项正确。,12.The two Chinese scientists
21、 have made a great discovery，which makes a major in the basic research in the field.(2017泰州中学高二月考) A.reform B.approach C.boundary D.breakthrough,答案,解析,考查名词词义辨析。reform改革；approach方式，方法；boundary边界；breakthrough突破。句意为：这两位中国科学家做出的重大发现标志着在这个领域的基础研究的重大突破。故选D。,13.Written in a hurry， .How can it be satisfacto
22、ry？ (2017无锡江阴四校高二期中) A.they found many mistakes in the report B.Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C.there are many mistakes in the report D.the report is full of mistakes,答案,解析,written in a hurry是过去分词形式作the report的定语，表示被动，所以选D。,14.No judgement about the case until all the evidences have been c
23、arefully checked. A.will be made B.is made C.is being made D.has been made,答案,解析,句意为：直到所有的证据都被仔细的检查后才能对这个案子做出判断。until引导的时间状语从句用了现在完成时，所以主句用一般将来时，而且judgement和make是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意可知选A。,15.The poor woman had not slept all night and was completely . A.burnt out B.reached out C.watched out D.turned
24、 out,答案,解析,burn out筋疲力尽；reach out伸出手；watch out 当心；turn out结果是。句意为：可怜的女人一个晚上都没有睡好，完全筋疲力尽了。选A。,语法专题过去分词,语法感知,语法精析,高考链接,1if I had the chance，I would have a (clone) baby right now. 2.I think the scientific advances (mention) in your article are interesting. 3. (shock) by the article，the woman wrote a le
25、tter to the newspaper. 4.After the accident，they found the front windows (break). 5.When the cat found all fish gone，it felt (surprise).,语法感知,用所给动词的正确形式填空,cloned,mentioned,Shocked,broken,surprised,语法精析,过去分词所表示的是一个被动的或者是已完成的动作，相当于一个形容词或副词。过去分词在句中可以充当定语、表语、状语或补足语。,一、过去分词的语法功能 1.过去分词作定语 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修
26、饰词之前；分词短语作定语时，则要放在被修饰词之后，其作用相当于定语从句。 Mum threw away that broken cup. 妈妈扔掉了那只破碎杯子。(broken相当于一个形容词，作前置定语) The boy named Tom will come here tomorrow. 叫汤姆的那个男孩明天就要来了。(named Tom分词短语作后置定语相当于定语从句who is named Tom),2.过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态，即主语是动作的承受者。 My grandfather was delighted to hear I passed my exams
27、. 我爷爷听说我通过了考试很高兴。 We are moved by the story. 我们被这故事感动了。,3.过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其省略的主语(也称逻辑主语)与主句的主语一致；既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，并且，多数情况下与副词连用。 (1)表时间 Questioned about the murder，he came tense.(When he was questioned.) 当被问到谋杀的事情时，他很紧张。,(2)表让步 Beaten by the opposite team，the players w
28、ere not discouraged and practiced even harder.(Although they were beaten by.) 虽然被对方打败了，但队员们没有泄气，而是更努力地训练。 (3)表条件 If bitten by a snake，you should ask for help and dont walk.(If you are bitten by a snake.) 如果被蛇咬了，你应该呼救，并且不要动。,(4)表原因 Deeply moved，the villagers contributed their quilts to the army.(As t
29、hey were deeply moved.) 由于被深深地感动了，村民们纷纷向军队捐献被褥。 (5)表方式或伴随 She walked out of the house，followed by her little daughter. 她走出了屋子，后面跟着她的小女儿。 (6)表结果 I finally reached the finishing line bitterly exhausted. 我终于跑到了终点，疲惫不堪。,4.过去分词作宾语补足语 If you want to make yourself respected，you are above all to respect oth
30、ers. 如果你想让自己被尊重，你首先要尊重别人。 The boy found himself lost in the forest. 那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。 注意：由主动语态变为被动语态后原来的宾语补足语即成为主语补足语。 The boy was found lost and couldnt find his way back. 有人发现那个男孩迷路了并且找不到回去的路。,5.过去分词可以跟在lie，stand，sit后面表示状态。 He lay shut in the room for two whole days. 他被关在那个房间躺了两整天。,二、过去分词与现在分词的区别,题
31、组训练,用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.He is now talking with his mother， (try) to persuade her to allow him to go out. 2.My sister is now working in an international corporation， (know) as 3M. 3.The cloning technology， (intend) to cure some diseases，is sometimes misused.,trying,known,intended,4.The old man lay (trap)
32、under the building ruins for quite a long time. 5.With great efforts (focus) on the conservation project，the number of some rare animals is steadily increasing. 6.Yesterday a (retire) scientist gave us a lecture，who is now in his seventies.,trapped,focused,retired,高考链接,1.In art criticism，you must as
33、sume the artist has a secret message within the work.(2016江苏，28) A.to hide B.hidden C.hiding D.being hidden,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家藏了一个秘密信息在作品中。句中message与hide是被动关系，故要用过去分词作后置定语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,2. in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.(2015重庆，6)
34、A.Being raised B.Raising C.Raised D.To raise,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：生长在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此排除B、D两项；A项是现在分词的被动式，表示正在发生，故排除A项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,3.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.(2015陕西，18) A.taki
35、ng B.taken C.take D.be taken,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,4.Video games can be a poor influence if in the wrong hands.(2015湖南，24) A.to leave B.leaving C.leave D.left,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果落在不合适的人的手
36、中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。if left.是“连词过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,5.The manager was satisfied to see many new products after great effort.(2014四川，5) A.having developed B.to develop C.developed D.develop,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“see宾语宾语补足语”结构，develop与宾语products为动宾关系，故使用
37、过去分词作宾补。句意为：经理很满意地看到在做出巨大的努力之后，许多新产品被开发出来。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,6.Clearly and thoughtfully ，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.(2014天津，7) A.writing B.to write C.written D.being written,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：这本书写作思路清晰且富有思想，在那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生中激发了自信心。write与其逻辑主语the book存在逻辑
38、上的动宾关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词作状语。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,7.The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for quality problems.(2014重庆，5) A.returning B.returned C.to return D.to be returned,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：厂商定期到我们店里回收因质量问题而被退的相机。camera与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。故选B项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8.While waiting for the opportunity to get ，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2014安徽，32) A.promote B.promoted C.promoting D.to promote,答案,解析,考查非谓语动词。句意为：当等待机会升职的时候，Henry尽最大努力履行职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系，故选B。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,本课结束,