1、Period Two Word power & Grammar and usagePart Language Focus.单词自测1.mailbox n.邮箱mailman n.邮递员2.amusement n.娱乐，消遣amuse vt.使开心，使发笑amusing adj.有趣的，令人发笑的3.identity n.身份identification n.身份证明identify vt.认出，识别4.absurd adj.荒唐的，怪诞的.短语默写1.stay up 熬夜2.tell jokes 讲笑话3.no doubt 毫无疑问4.cheer sb up 使某人振奋5.would rath
2、er 宁愿6.rather than 而不是7.look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事1.doubt n.& vt.怀疑；不相信语境感悟(1)(教材 P7)I have no doubt he will succeed.我毫不怀疑他将会成功。(2)She doubts whether shell be successful.她怀疑她能否成功。(3)I have some doubt whether he will win the prize.我怀疑他是否会获奖。(4)There is no doubt that he will succeed eventually.毫无
3、疑问他最终将会成功。归纳拓展have no doubt (that).毫不怀疑There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is some doubt whether.怀疑是否have some doubt whether.怀疑是否without/beyond doubt 无疑地；确实地sb doubts/doubted whether/if.某人怀疑即时跟踪 完成句子这无疑是我们迄今最有用的一次会议。This meeting has been，without doubt，the most useful we have had so far.约翰能否按时来还很难说。Ther
4、e is some doubt whether John will come on time.2.persuade vt.说服，劝服；使相信语境感悟(1)(教材 P9)Im so glad I have persuaded you to apologize to Rachel.我很高兴能够劝服你向雷切尔道歉。(2)We persuaded her into taking the job.我们说服她接受了这份工作。(3)I tried to persuade him not to drive too fast，but he wouldnt listen.我努力劝说他不要开太快，可他就是不听。(4
5、)I persuaded him of its truth.我使他相信这是真的。归纳拓展persuade sb to do sthpersuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuade sb not to do sthpersuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事persuade sb of sth 使某人信服某事try to persuade sb to do sthadvise sb to do sth 劝说某人做某事即时跟踪 完成句子那位年轻人被说服放弃了那种错误的想法。The young man was persuaded ou
6、t of the wrong idea.他们设法让我们相信报道是真实的。They tried to persuade us of the truth of the report.Dont let yourself be into buying things you dont want.A.expressed B.organizedC.persuaded D.preferred答案 C解析 句意：不要被说服去买那些你不想买的东西。persuade sb into doing sth说服某人做某事，此处为其被动语态形式。express 表达；organize 组织，成立；prefer 更喜欢，均不
7、符合句意。His friends him to see a doctor，but he refused all of them.A.persuaded B.advisedC.insisted D.suggested答案 B解析 句意：他的朋友劝他去看医生，但他都拒绝了。advise sb to do sth 等于try to persuade sb to do sth 意为“劝说某人做某事” ；insist 和 suggest 后不能接 sb to do sth。3.discourage vt.劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，使泄气语境感悟(1)(教材 P11)Mom discourages me f
8、rom chatting online.妈妈阻止我网聊。(2)The difficult work discouraged Alan and he left school.过难的功课使艾伦失去了信心，他退学了。(3)But instead of seeing the setback as something discouraging，just accept it as a part of the journey. 把挫折看作是你人生旅途的一部分，而不是把它视为令人沮丧的东西。(4)Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too
9、difficult.如果练习太难，学习者就可能感到气馁。归纳拓展(1)discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(2)discouraging adj.令人气馁的discouraged adj.气馁的，沮丧的即时跟踪 完成句子如果在学习中遇到了困难，不要沮丧。If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be discouraged.It is generally accepted that smoking is harmful to our health.We ought to be focusing on
10、 kids from smoking.A.discouraging B.inspiringC.persuading D.encouraging答案 A解析 句意：吸烟有害健康，这是大家公认的。我们应把重点放在劝孩子们不要吸烟上。discourage sb from doing sth 意为“阻止某人做某事” 。根据句意选 A项。1.stay up 深夜不睡觉，熬夜；挺住语境感悟(1)(教材 P7)We stay up at night and talk about many things.我们晚上熬夜一起聊许多事情。(2)Strong houses may stay up through th
11、e earthquake.坚固的房子可能会在地震中保存下来。(3)He started staying out late，drinking.他开始夜不归宿，在外面喝酒。归纳拓展stay at 停留在stay out 待在外面，不在家；继续罢工stay behind 留下来不走，留在后面stay away from 离远点，躲避即时跟踪 完成句子我在信中告诉她，她可以和我们住在一起。In my letter， I told her that she could stay with us.我很高兴他正在戒烟。Im glad hes staying away from smoking.聚会结束之后，
12、他们留下来帮忙收拾。They stayed behind after the party to help clear up.He has left out the most important reason why he last night.A.stayed up B.put upC.picked up D.kept up答案 A解析 句意：他遗漏了昨晚熬夜的最重要的原因。stay up 熬夜；put up 张贴，支起；pick up 捡起，接收，加速；keep up 持续，保持。e up with 想出，提出(主意、答案等)语境感悟(1)(教材 P7)See how many positi
13、ve and negative adjectives that describe personality you can come up with.看一看你能够想出多少描述个性的积极的和消极的形容词。(2)Written stories are frozen voices that come to life when we read them.当我们阅读书面形式的故事时，就是让冰冷的声音恢复生命力。(3)The meeting didnt come to an end until midnight.会议直到午夜才结束。归纳拓展come to life 活跃起来，恢复生气come to an e
14、nd 结束come into power/office 上台come into use 开始应用come up to 走近；达到，比得上come across 偶然遇到come out 出版；出来；开花；发表即时跟踪 用适当的介、副词填空This piece of work does not come up to your usual standard.It was not until the Second World War that jet planes came into use.Your most recent book came out last year.Several of th
15、e members have come up with suggestions of their own.Is this your necklace，Mary？I it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.A.came across B.dealt withC.looked after D.went for答案 A解析 句意：玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在清理浴室时意外发现了它。come across 偶遇，意外发现，符合句意。deal with 处理，对付；look after 照顾；go for 适用于。3.all the tim
16、e 一直；始终语境感悟(1)(教材 P9)Jane is hardworking and seems to try her best all the time.简学习勤奋而且似乎一直在尽其所能。(2)If you cant arrive there on time，you should warn them.如果你不能按时到达，应该预先通知他们。(3)If you want much more information，get in touch with them in time.如果你想得到更多的信息，请与他们及时联系。归纳拓展on time 按时in time 及时；总有一天in no tim
17、e 马上at the same time 同时；尽管如此at one time 一度；过去曾经at all times 总是；随时；永远即时跟踪 用 time 的相关短语完成句子At one time I used to go skiing every winter.Dont worry，youll get your figure back in no time.The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.She was laughing and crying at the same time.No man is w
18、ise at all times.The two girls had been talking in low voice all time during the meeting， which upset the manager.A.a；/ B./；/C./； the D.a；the答案 D解析 句意：这两个女生一直在会议期间低声交谈，使经理感到心烦。in a low voice 低声地；all the time 一直。1.not only.but also.语境感悟(1)(教材 P6)He is not only polite，but also openminded and humorous，
19、so everyone likes him.他不仅有礼貌，而且心胸宽广，也不失幽默，所以大家都很喜欢他。(2)Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片。(3)He not only washed the car，but polished it too/as well.他不仅冲洗汽车，而且还擦拭了它。归纳拓展(1)not only.but also.不仅而且，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语(2)当 not only.but also.连接两个主语时，谓语
20、动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致(3)为了强调，可将 not only 置于句首，此时后接的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式(4)also 有时可以省略，或将 also 换成 too 或 as well(置于句末)即时跟踪 完成句子不仅那位老师，还有学生们都反对该项计划。Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only ，but students became more interested in the l
21、essons.A.saved was teachers energyB.was teachers energy savedC.teachers energy was savedD.was saved teachers energy答案 B解析 句意：计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节省了精力，而且学生对课程更感兴趣。not only 放在句首作状语时，句子需要部分倒装。2.would rather do A than do B语境感悟(1)(教材 P9)You know I would rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithm
22、etic!你知道我宁愿去看牙科医生也不愿去学代数和算术！(2)She would rather go with us than stay behind.她宁愿和我们一起去也不愿意留下来。(3)I would rather you did it now.我宁愿你现在就做这件事。归纳拓展(1)本句是简单句，would rather do.than do.宁可 也不(2)would rather宾语从句，表示 “宁愿(某人)做某事” ，此时从句要用虚拟语气，一般过去时表示对现在或将来动作的虚拟；过去完成时表示过去要做而实际没有做的动作即时跟踪 完成句子他们宁愿把他们的业余时间花在电视或者是网上也不愿
23、读书。They would rather spend their spare time on TV or on the Internet than read.我宁愿你昨天晚上就把这个消息告诉她。I would rather you had told her the news last night.She at home watching TV than out to play with me.A.would rather to stay；to goB.would rather stay；goC.would rather stay；to goD.would rather to stay；go答案
24、 B解析 句意：她宁愿待在家里看电视也不愿和我出去玩。would rather do A than do B 意为 “宁愿做 A 也不愿做 B”，故选 B。注意：表达“宁愿做而不愿做”的其他结构还有：prefer to do.rather than do.prefer doing.to doing.do.rather than do.do.instead of doing.单词拼写1.I persuaded(说服) him to give up the attempt.2.Her eyes twinkled with amusement(愉悦).3.Their identities(身份) w
25、ere kept secret.4.Please be polite(有礼貌的) to our guests.5.It was generous(慷慨的) of him to offer to pay for us both.6.The paintings were sold for absurdly(荒诞地) high price.7.They knocked together two rough mailboxes(邮箱) with wooden boards.选词填空come out，stay up，all the time，discourage.from ，no doubt1.No d
26、oubt shell call us when she gets there.2.When is her new novel coming out?3.The weather discouraged most people from attending.4.You have to go to school tomorrow.So dont stay up late.5.She leaves the lights on all the time.完成句子1.我相信你是诚实的。I have no doubt that you are honest.2.她最终说服他去了医院。Finally she
27、persuaded him into going to the hospital.3.他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.4.他们不但需要衣服，而且还缺水。Not only do they need clothing，but they are also short of water.5.我宁愿你明天来。I would rather you came tomorrow.单项填空1.My history teacher never buys books from online shops，and
28、 .A.neither doesnt his wifeB.his wife doesnt eitherC.his wife does tooD.so does his wife答案 B解析 句意：我的历史老师从来不在网上购买书籍，他的妻子也是这样。当表示“也不”时，常使用句型“neither/nor助动词/系动词/ 情态动词主语” ，相当于“主语否定谓语either” 。根据句意，此处表示否定，故选B。2. some people claim they can predict the future，there is no scientific basis behind it.A.As B.On
29、ceC.While D.Because答案 C解析 句意：尽管有一些人声称他们能够预测未来，但没有科学根据。as当时候，因为；once 一旦；while 在时候(后接持续性动词) ，虽然，然而；because 因为。根据句意，此处表示让步，故选 C。3.The relative government has to a new idea for getting rid of tons of human waste without having to create new landfills.A.consist of B.get away fromC.come up with D.come acr
30、oss答案 C解析 句意：相关政府必须想出处理数以吨计的人类废弃物的新方法并且无需建设新的垃圾填埋场。consist of 由组成；get away from 摆脱；come up with提出；come across(偶然)遇到，碰到。4.My father is coughing heavily recently.Youd better .Its bad for his health.A.discourage him from smokingB.keep him smokingC.force him to stop to smokeD.persuade him to smoke答案 A解析
31、 答句句意：你最好阻止他抽烟。抽烟对他的身体有害处。keep sb doing让某人一直做；force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事；persuade sb to do sth 劝服某人做某事，均不符合题意。discourage sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事，符合题意。5.Little Tom broke a window in our class.I would rather he that.A.hasnt done B.didnt doC.hadnt done D.not do答案 C解析 句意：小汤姆打坏了我们班的窗户。我宁愿他没做过。would rat
32、her 后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。由句中的 broke 可知是对过去的虚拟，故选 C。Part Grammar动词不定式和动名词动词不定式一、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把动词不定式置于句首。To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.责备那个工人弥补不了损失。(2)用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末。Its absurd to make that remark on the scientific conclusion.对这一科学结论做出那样的
33、评论是荒唐的。2.作宾语动词不定式作宾语经常跟在下列动词后面：afford(负担得起)，choose(选择)，attempt(企图)，agree( 同意 )，arrange(安排)，promise(承诺)，refuse( 拒绝)，want(想要) ，intend(打算)，manage(设法) ，plan(计划) ，pretend(假装)，determine(决定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘记)，remember(记着)等。Our boss agreed to hire another ten workers to finish the work on time.我们老板同意雇用另
34、外 10 个工人以按时完成这一工作。He pretended to master French.In fact，he knew nothing of it.他假装精通法语，其实他对此一窍不通。3.作宾语补足语英语中有些动词能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语。若句子变为被动句，那么原先作宾语补足语的动词不定式就相应地成为主语补足语了。(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：advise，allow ，persuade，encourage，cause ，force，forbid ，require ，expect，order 等。Allow me to introduce my impressio
35、n of the beast.允许我介绍一下我对这一野兽的印象。(2)believe，consider ，declare，feel，find，imagine ，judge，know ，prove，suppose，think 等动词后可接 to be 型动词不定式作宾语补足语。The young man declared himself to be one member of the circus.那个年轻人自称是马戏团的一员。注意：hope， demand，suggest 等动词后不能接动词不定式作宾语补足语。4.作表语动词不定式往往放在连系动词 be 的后面作表语(become，sound
36、，taste 等连系动词后面一般不接动词不定式)，表示将来的情况或说明主语的内容。动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构中：My wish/job/aim/goal is . 及 The next step/measure is .等。My wish is to become a biologist or an editor.我的愿望是成为一名生物学家或者一名编辑。The next step is to prevent the quarrel from becoming worse.下一步是阻止争吵变得更糟。5.作定语动词不定式常常放在名词(如 ability，chance ，way 等)或不定代词后
37、面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则该动词不定式要用被动式。Do you have anything to do tonight？你今晚有什么事要做吗？(主动)I am going to Changsha tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken there?明天我要去长沙。你有什么东西要捎去吗？(被动)学法点拨 在 the first，the second，the third，the last 等之后，或由 the first，the second，the third，
38、the last 等或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，常接动词不定式作定语。Who was the first to put forward such good advice?谁是第一个提出这么好的建议的人？The last one to come should be blamed.最后来的人应受责备。6.作状语(1)动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因或结果等。作结果状语时，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，动词不定式要放在句子后面。Ive come to apologize to you.我来是为了向你道歉的。(目的)Im lucky to keep pace with you.赶上你我很幸运
39、。 (原因)We hurried to reach the station only to be told that the train had left.我们急匆匆地到达车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。(结果)(2)动词不定式作目的状语的常用结构有：only to do(仅仅为了)，in order to do，so as to do，so/such. as to. (如此以便)。That spy went to the navy base so as to monitor the navys movement.那个间谍去海军基地以便监视海军的举动。That master of Chines
40、e arts crafts went there in order to get enough clay.那位中国工艺美术大师去那儿是为了获取足够的陶土。I added some liquid to the bottle only to see how the chemicals reacted.我往瓶子里加了一些液体只是为了看看化学品是如何反应的。(3)动词不定式作结果状语的常用结构有：never to do 再也没有做，so 形容词/副词as to. ，such名词短语as to .，only to.竟然(表示与所预料的相反的结果)，形容词/副词enough to.足够以至于，too. t
41、o. 太而不能。He was in such a hurry as not to button his jacket.他如此匆忙，以至于连夹克衫的纽扣都没有系上。He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头竟然砸了自己的脚。The girl was too sensitive to the criticism to focus her mind on her work.这个女孩对批评很敏感，以至于不能集中精力干活。注意：only to do sth 与 only doing sth 都可作结果状语，区别是：only to do
42、sth 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果，或用来暗示最初的愿望未能实现；only doing sth 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果，这种结果是自然的、合乎逻辑的。I worked hard，only to fail at last.我努力工作，最后却失败了。He died，only leaving nothing but debts.他死了，只留下一堆债务。二、动词不定式的时态和语态1.一般式：to do/to be done动词不定式的一般式表示的动作有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。He seems to know this.他看起来知道这
43、件事。(动作同时发生)I hope to see you again.(I hope that Ill see you again.)我希望再次见到你。(发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后)2.进行式：to be doing动词不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.他看起来正在吃东西。3.完成式：to have done/to have been done动词不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.对不起，给你添了
44、那么多麻烦。4.完成进行式：to have been doing动词不定式的完成进行式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直在进行的动作。She is known to have been dealing with the problems for many years.大家知道她处理这类难题已经有很多年了。注意：动词不定式的语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语与这个动词不定式有被动关系，不定式一般要用被动语态。Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会是一件非常荣幸的事情。注意：某些动词如 to let，to
45、blame(负有责任)等用主动式表被动含义。The apartment is to let.这套公寓要出租。Who is to blame for it？这得怪谁？三、不带 to 的动词不定式1.let/make/have sb do在 let，make ，have 等使役动词之后的“宾语作宾语补足语的动词不定式 ”结构中，不定式符号 to 须省略。但是当 make，have 等用于被动语态的时候， 后面的 to 要还原。let 通常不用于被动语态。She avoids making you feel awkward.她避免让你感觉尴尬。The teacher has us write a c
46、omposition every week.老师让我们每周写一篇作文。2.hear/see/feel/watch . sb do在 hear，see ，feel，watch，observe，notice，listen to 等感官动词( 词组)后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带 to，但是当这些词(词组 )用于被动语态时，后面的动词不定式不能省略 to。I never saw him speak like that.我从未看到过他那样说话。The person was seen to enter the shop by us.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。(不能省略 to)3.would rathe
47、r/had better/why not do在 would rather/had better/why not 等词后的动词不定式通常省略 to。We would rather rent the house than buy it outright.我们宁可租这幢房子，也不愿一次性付款买下它。Hed rather chat than play football outside.他宁愿聊天，也不愿出去踢足球。You had better go there at once.你最好立即去那里。Now that you are moving into a new apartment，why not
48、buy some new furniture?既然你要搬进一套新的公寓，为什么不买一些新家具呢？You can get another phone card for free if you buy one.Why not buy one?这种电话卡买一送一，为什么不买一张呢？4.由 and/or/except/but/rather than 连接的第二个动词不定式常省略 to由 and/or/except/but/rather than 连接两个及两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的动词不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带 to。但是如果两个动词不定式表示对照或对比，则不能省略 to。Id like to stay with you，help you and learn from you.我想留下和你一起，帮助你并且向你学习。She told us to stay at home and wai