1、山东省威海市 2018 年中考英语试题一、阅读理解AOne day Vimala and her new friend. Mary, were playing at school. Mary was a very quiet and shy girl but Vimala liked her. While jumping, Marys glasses fell off and broke. Just then the bell rang and they had to hurry to their science class.“Oh dear, Im going to be as blind
2、as a bat. But wed better hurry. Its Miss Lees class, “said Maray.At the start of the lesson, Miss Lee explained how to do the experiment to produce large eye crystals. Then she started to question the class. Nobody dared to give a wrong answer because Miss Lee was a very strict teacher Miss Lee held
3、 up a clamp(夹具) and said, “What do we use is for? What do we call it? All the girls looked down, while she looked at their heads for one to pick on. “Mary?“ she finally asked.Mary was sitting at the back of the class. She stood up and peered at Miss Lee, but she could not see clearly what the teache
4、r was holding. She was nervous a bit and did not answer.Miss Lee repeated her question. This time she spoke more slowly and there was anger in her voice.“What is this used for ?“ she askedVimala saw storm clouds climbing up to Miss Lees face. She knew that the storm was about to burst on Mary, so sh
5、e put up her hand. Miss Lee paid no attention to her and stared through narrowed eyes at Mary, waiting for an answer.Mary did not know what to say. She looked to her left and right for help. Too seared to say out that she couldnt see clearly, Mary hoped that if she kept quiet Miss Lee would ask some
6、body else.Vimala guessed what was wrong, so she decided to take a risk. She jumped to her feet and said, “Excuse me. Miss Lee. Mary broke her glasses just before the lesson started. I dont think she can see the clamp clearly. “Then she sat down, praying (祈祷)that the ceiling would not fall on her.“Oh
7、!” Miss Lee said, a little surprised. She had thought that Mary was refusing to answer.Now that she understood, her anger faded away. “Thank you, Vimala.” she said Then she turnedto Mary and said, “Come and look at this.”Mary left her chair and went to the front of the class.“Its a clamp.” she said.
8、 “We can put it on a metal stand(支架) and use it to hold things in place.”“Well, you got it right at last. “Miss Lee said with a brief smile. But youd better not do any experiments until your glasses have been repaired. You can watch Vimala while the does the experiment.The storm clouds disappeared.
9、The smile disappeared from Miss Lees face and she continued with the lesson. Vimala winked at Mary who peered at her and smiled weakly.1. Whats the matter with Marys glasses?A. They were lost. B. They were broken C. They were left s home2. Miss Lee was _ teacher.A. an English B. a science C. a math3
10、. Why couldnt Mary answer Miss Lees question?A. Because she didnt know the answerB. Because she couldnt hear what Miss Lee was sayingC. Because she couldnt see what the teacher was holding4. The sentence “Vimala saw storm clouds climbing up to Miss Lees face.” means Vimala found_A. the sky was cloud
11、y B. a heavy storm was coming C. Miss Lee was becoming angry5. Which of the following is not right?A. Mary was quiet and shy and also as blind as a batB. Miss Lee was a strict and serious teacherC. Mary knew what a clamp was used for【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A【解析】本文介绍了 Vimala 和玛丽是新的好朋友。虽然玛丽内向，但是 Vi
12、mala 很喜欢她。在一次跳高的时候，玛丽的眼镜掉了，结果玛丽看不清楚东西。这时上课铃响了，是李老师的课，她是一位非常严肃认真的老师。在课上，李老师问了一个问题，除了玛丽，其他的同学把头低了下去。 老师提问了玛丽，由于看不清楚老师拿的是什么，而没有回答出来。这时老师有点生气。 Vimala 出于帮助同学的爱心，把真相告诉了老师，老师让玛丽走近一点，结果玛丽正确的回答了老师的问题。老师露出了会心的微笑。本文体现了同学之间的友谊和老师的大度认真。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子 While jumping, Marys glasses fell off and broke. 可知，在她们玩跳高的
13、时候，玛丽的眼镜掉下来摔坏了。故选 B。2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句话 At the start of the lesson, Miss Lee explained how to do the experiment to produce large eye crystals. 可知，李老师在课上解释了如何做实验来生产大眼睛晶体。说明李老师是一名科学老师，而不是英语和数学老师。故选 B。3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话 She stood up and peered at Miss Lee, but she could not see clearly what the teacher
14、 was holding. 可知 ，她看不清楚老师手里拿着什么。故选 C。4. 词意猜测题。A. the sky was cloudy 天空是阴云的；B. a heavy storm was coming 一场暴风雨就要来了；C. Miss Lee was becoming angry 李老师开始生气了。题干的意思是，Vimala 看到李老师的脸上有一层阴云掠过。说明李老师已经开始生气了。故选 C。5. 细节理解题。题目问的是，下列哪一项不正确？根据句子 Im going to be as blind as a bat.这句话是在玛丽眼镜掉了之后说的话。而不是眼睛不好。因此 A 不对。由句子
15、Miss Lee was a very strict teacher 可知，李老师是一位严肃认真的老师。因此 B 对。 根据句子“Its a clamp.” she said. “We can put it on a metal stand(支架) and use it to hold things in place.”“Well, you got it right at last. “Miss Lee said with a brief smile.可知，玛丽知道夹具的作用。因此 C 对。故选 A。BAmanda Kitts is one of “tomorrows people” peop
16、le who have artificial (人工的) body pats. She has a bionic(电子操控的)arm.Now, Kitts nuns a day -care center. Children nun up to her happily as she comes into the classroom. She bends over to talk with a small girl. As she bends Kitts puts her hands on her knees. For most people, this would be easy. Howeve
17、r, just a few years ago, this was impossible for Kitts.In 2006, Kitts was in a car accident. A truck crushed(挤坏) her left arm and the doctor had tocut it off. “I was angry, said, depressed. I just couldnt accept it, she says. But then she heard about a new technique that could use the remaining nerv
18、es(神经) in her shoulder to contort an artificial arm.In a difficult operation, a doctor novel Kittss nerves to different mens of her upper- arm muscles. For months, the nerves grew. Millimeter by millimeter, they moved deeper into their new homes. “At three months I started feeling little tingles and
19、 twitches(刺痛和抽搐),”she said. A month later, she got her first bionic arm. A research engineer worked with Kitts to make the computer programs match her real movements more and more closely.Today, Kittss arm is great, but its not yet perfect. She wants feeling in her hands. For example, she needs to f
20、eel whether something is rough or smooth. She also needs feeling to do one of her favorite things-drink coffee “The problem with a paper coffee cup is that my hand will close until it gets a solid grip,” she says. One time at a coffee shop, her hand kept closing until it crushed the cup. But Kitts s
21、ays positively, “One day Ill be able to feel things with it, and clap my hands to the songs my kids are singing”6. What is the difference between Kitts and normal people?A. She has a bionic arm. B. She can bend C. She can put her hands on her knees7. Kitts got her first bionic arm _after the difficu
22、lt operation.A. almost three months B. over one month C. more than four months8. Kitts is able to _with her bionic hand.A. clap her hands B. hold thing C. feel rough or smooth things9. Kittss attitude toward her new arm is_.A. positive B. Angry C. perfect10. Choose the right order of the eventsKitts
23、 heard about a new techniqueKitts crushed a paper coffee cupKitts had two human armsA truck hit Kittss carKitts got her first bionic armDoctors moved some of the nerves in Kittss armA. B. C. 【答案】6. A 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C【解析】短文大意：文章介绍了阿曼达基茨在一次意外事故中失去了自己的左臂，在新技术的帮助下，她利用剩下的上臂神经，获得了新的仿生手臂。本文介绍了她的手臂的情况。6
24、. 细节理解题。根据第一段的句子 She has a bionic(电子操控的)arm. 可知，阿曼达基茨她有一个仿生手臂。故选 A。7. 细节理解题。由第四段的句子 At three months I started feeling little tingles and twitches(刺痛和抽搐),”she said. A month later, she got her first bionic arm.可知，在三个月的时候，她开始感觉到轻微的抽搐和抽搐。一个月后，她得到了她的第一个仿生手臂。因此一共是四个月，故选 C。8. 细节理解题。A. clap her hands 拍拍手；B.
25、 hold thing 拿东西；C. feel rough or smooth things 感觉得到粗糙或光滑的东西。根据短文的最后一段的句子 The problem with a paper coffee cup is that my hand will close until it gets a solid grip, 和句子 But Kitts says positively, “One day Ill be able to feel things with it, and clap my hands to the songs my kids are singing”说明，阿曼达基茨的
26、仿生手臂可以拿东西，但是不能拍拍手和感受粗糙或光滑的东西。故选 B。9. 推理判断题。题干的意思是，阿曼达基茨对她的新手臂的态度是怎样的。A. positive 积极地；B. Angry生气的；C. perfect 完美的。根据最后一段的句子 But Kitts says positively, “One day Ill be able to feel things with it, and clap my hands to the songs my kids are singing” 但阿曼达基茨积极地说， “有一天我能感觉到它，当我的孩子们唱歌的时候，我会为他们拍拍我的手鼓掌”。说明阿曼达
27、基茨对于她的新手臂很积极乐观。故选 A。C阅读 C 篇， 判断正 (A)误(B)。请将答案编号涂卡。A 表示正确，B 表示错误。Bangladesh (孟加拉)is an agricultural country between India and Burma. Storms from the Indian Ocean sweep across the country every year, and large areas of farming land are flooded(冲毁). The people are very poor.Fewer than half of the count
28、rys children complete their primary education. When they are six or seven years old, many children leave school to work in the fields or at home. The rest of their “education“ consists of looking after cattle, collecting firewood or doing household jobs.Not long ago, an experimental school was opene
29、d near the capital, Dacca, to help poor children. There are only 120 children in the school, which has three classrooms. In each class, forty pupils are divided into four groups of ten. Each pupil is free to decide which group he or she wants to join.The most able pupils do a great deal of the teach
30、ing. They act as group monitors. Their duty is to ensure that all pupils in their group understand and practice what the teacher has taught.There are a number of unusual features in the Bangladesh school. Children do not move up a class automatically when they grow older. Each group is promoted (升级)
31、only when EVERY pupil in it has succeeded in getting to the right standard. As a result, all members of a group work hard to help the less able pupils. Nobody is left behind.Lessons are extremely practical and include work on farming, carpentry, health and running a home, as well as lessons on the b
32、asic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic. At school, pupils prepare for adult life by learning to carry out almost all the tasks which they will face when they grow older.If pupils have to look after cattle or young children, they are allowed to bring them to school. If a child has to stay at
33、home to help his parents, there is no scolding or punishment (责罚) at school. Children enjoy their lessons and the school is cheap to run. It is so successful that other schools in Bangladesh are beginning to imitate (模仿) its methods. Visitors are even coming from other agricultural countries to see
34、if they can use a similar method.11. Many people in Bangladesh work on farms12. Most children in Bangladesh complete their primary education13. In each group, the biggest or oldest pupil is made a monitor.14. At the end of each school year, all the pupils move to a higher class15. At school, pupils
35、learn to do almost all the tasks needed in adult life【答案】11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. A【解析】短文大意：孟加拉是印度和缅甸之间的农业国。每年的风暴会使大片农田被洪水淹没。因此人民很穷。只有不到一半的儿童会完成初中教育。在学校里实行小组化教学，那些有能力的学生可以担当班长，负责他们小组内的所有学生都能理解和实践老师所教的内容。在学校里他们会学到成人生活所需要的几乎所有的能力。11. 根据短文的第一段 Bangladesh (孟加拉)is an agricultural country between India
36、 and Burma. 可知， 孟加拉是印度和缅甸之间的农业国。因此孟加拉很多人在农场工作。所以第一题是正确的。故选 A。12. 根据第二段的句子 Fewer than half of the countrys children complete their primary education. 可知，只有不到一半的儿童完成初等教育。第二题的意思是，孟加拉大多数儿童完成初等教育。是不对的。故选 B。13. 根据第四段的第一、二句 The most able pupils do a great deal of the teaching. They act as group monitors.可知
37、，最有能力的学生做大量的教学工作。他们充当小组的班长。 而不是年龄大的当班长。故选 B。14. 根据第五段的第二行 Each group is promoted (升级)only when EVERY pupil in it has succeeded in getting to the right standard.可知，并不是所有的学生都能升到高一级的学校。而是每个小组中只有成功达到正确的标准的学生才会被提升。故选 B。15. 根据短文的第六段的句子 At school, pupils prepare for adult life by learning to carry out almo
38、st all the tasks which they will face when they grow older. 可知，在学校，学生通过学习来完成今后成人生活所需要的几乎所有的能力。因此本题的说法是正确的。故选 A。点睛：本题考查如何做正误判断题的技巧。正误判断型题主要考查学生阅读分析、理解、应用和判断的能力，要求根据文章内容对所给句子即题干做出正误判断。此类题型依托短文内容进行发挥，或者给出意思相近或相反的几个句子要求辨别、判断，或者变换词语、句子结构来考查同一意思的不同表达。 解题思路： 先通读全文，把握大意。然后阅读所给题干，再读原文，在文中找出对应的词句。在对句子进行判断时，建议
39、使用对照法，即将原文中与题干意思相近的句子或段落找出来，与题干一一对照，详细区分。切不可片面理解，更不可想当然。对于简单明了的文章，要注意其首尾句，以及表明文章主旨的中心句、关键语等。对读一遍意思还不够明了的文章，除了要了解全文，弄清人物、地点、时间、原因等要点外，还要仔细推敲复杂句，弄清句子及全文意思。 D阅读 D 篇， 根据短文内容， 将下面方框中的句子还原到文章当中，使短文内容完整。请将答案编号涂卡。Complain(抱怨) PolitelyNot everything goes the way you want it to. You may go to a restaurant and
40、 order a nice meal. But your order is wrong or not cooked properly. You may buy a product that breaks the next day._16_However, if you speak angrily to people, they will become defensive(自卫的). Then they are less likely to help you. A more effective (有效的)way to get what you want is to stay calm.Use p
41、olite language and a friendly tone of voice. Start with phrases such as, “ Im sorry to bother you, but. “or“ Excuse me, but could you.?“ For example, “Im sorry to bother you, but I ordered potato soup, not vegetable, “Phrasing your complaint as a question also helps. _17_Could you help me? I just bo
42、ught this phone case yesterday, but its cracked.”_18_There is no faster way to make someone defensive than by blaming them. Usethe phrase.“ I know this isnt your fault, but”or“There has been a misunderstanding.” _19_Blaming people isnt as important as getting a problem fixed!There are honest mistake
43、s, but at times someone may try to take advantage of you. In that case, dont say “Hey! Youre trying to cheat me! “Instead, use the phrase, “I understood that“ For example. “I understood that the service charge was included in the price. Then give the person a chance to answer.If you dont get what yo
44、u want with polite conversation ask to speak to a manager or supervisor. _20_.A. When trying to comet a problem, dont blame (责备)the person you re talking to.B. People like to be asked rather than told!C. But usually, youll find that polite words and a smile will resolve a situation.D. These kinds of
45、 experiences make you want to complain.E. These phrases let people know you are only angry at the situation【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. E 20. C【解析】本文介绍了没有礼貌的抱怨不会解决问题，要使用礼貌的语言和友好的语调来解决遇到的问题。16. 根据短文的第一段 But your order is wrong or not cooked properly. You may buy a product that breaks the next day.可知，订单错
46、了或烹饪的不好吃。你购买的产品，次日坏了。这些都是发牢骚的原因。因此 D. These kinds of experiences make you want to complain. 这些事情都会让你想抱怨，想发牢骚。因此本题选D。17. 根据下文的句子 Could you help me? I just bought this phone case yesterday, but its cracked.可知，Could you help me? 是举例说明。怎样才是有礼貌的请求，而不是无礼貌的告知。因此上句应该用 People like to be asked rather than tol
47、d! 人们喜欢被有礼貌要求而不是无礼貌的被告知！故选 B。18. 本题可以根据同一词复现来做。在下文的句子中 There is no faster way to make someone defensive than by blaming them.有 blaming(责备 )，那么选项中也应该有 blame (责备)出现。所以选项 A 正确。19. 根据上文的句子 I know this isnt your fault, but” or “There has been a misunderstanding.”可知，说这些话，是针对某一种场合，或就某一件事情感到愤怒。我们的目的是解决问题。故选
48、 E。 20. 根据选项可知，只剩下 C 了。那么我们来看看上句的意思是，如果你不想礼貌地交谈而得到你想要的东西，那么就找一位经理或主管来说事。句子 But usually, youll find that polite words and a smile will resolve a situation.中的 but 在这里表示转折。引起另一个话题。句意 ，但是在通常情况下，你会发现用礼貌的语言和微笑会解决你遇到的问题。根本不用找经理或主管。故本题选 C。点睛：本题考查补全短文解题技巧这部分考题本是考查考生把握文章结构和文章思路的能力，但实际上解答此类题是对句子或短语、语法搭配或语义搭配的综
49、合运用。空白处在文中的位置有 3 种，即段首、段中和段尾。根据英语短文的特点，主题句一般在段首或段尾，因而当空白处在段首出现时，此处考查考生掌握和概括短落大意的能力；空白处出现在句中时，则考查考生把握上下文之间意义联系的能力；空白处出现在段尾时，考查考生掌握和概括段落大意的能力，或是根据已读材料进行推理和判断的能力。技巧点拨解答补全短文题型时要注意：如果基础较好，可以快速浏览一遍原文，但不要精读;要注意选项的中心词和句子第一个词、填充处前后句子的大概意思和首尾词; 要认真阅读空白处前后段或句子，但不要阅读其他段落;要注意代词的线索功能，比如空格后有 It 或是 this，那么空格处一定有一个单数物体或事件，同时还要关注上下