1、Unit 4,Grammar and usage,Analysis of complicated sentences,Objectives,To learn what simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences and complex-compound sentences areTo learn to analyse a complicated sentence,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,Listenin
2、g to beautiful music is good for the soul.,Look at the following sentences. Can you point out the subjects and predicates of them? (S=subject P=predicate),Ill come back in three days.,S,The two sentences are both simple sentences. A simple sentence, which contains a subject and a predicate, can be v
3、ery long. We call this kind of sentence long simple sentences.,In other words, its meaning can be very different from the apparent meanings of its components.,Subject,Predicate,How many clauses are there in this sentence? There are many idioms used in English and quite a few of them come from the Bi
4、ble. There are two clauses, and the conjunction and is used to connect them. This is a compound sentence.,In compound sentences, there are two or more clauses. These clauses are usually linked by coordinators such as and, or, while, for and but. Each clause can stand on its own. Studying idioms can
5、help improve your comprehension, and by learning enough important idioms, you can develop a high level of competence in you communication skills.,Look at the following sentences:,If it hadnt been for their help, we couldnt have finished the work on time.,I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.,Th
6、e two sentences are complex sentences. A complex sentence is made up of a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. They are linked by subordinators such as because, when, where, if, since, that, unless, which, whose, while and although. Unless you recognize an idiom when it is being used, it
7、 is easy to misunderstand what you read or hear spoken.,Look at another sentence: (S=subject, P=predicate, O=object, C=conjunction),He completed a masterpiece and as this is the focus of the exhibition, I would like you to find out about it.,main clause,S,P,O,C,adverbial clause,In this sentence, and
8、 links two sentences. The sentence before and is a simple sentence, while the sentence after and is a complex sentence. In the complex sentence, the main clause is I would like you to find out about it, and as this is the focus of the exhibition is used as an adverbial clause.,This kind of sentence
9、is called a complex-compound sentence.,The general structure of types of sentences:,1. the simple sentence:,subject + predicate,2. the compound sentence:,subject + predicate + and/but/or/for + subject + predicate,3. the complex sentence:,main clause + subordinate clause,4. the complex-compound sente
10、nce:,the simple/complex sentence + and/but/or + the complex /simple sentence,课本练习,A Look at the text on Page 57, and decide if each sentence is (a) a long simple sentence, (b) a compound sentence, (c) a complex sentence, or (d) a complex-compound sentence.,Answers:c 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. c 7. b,课本练
11、习,B Combine the group of sentences to form one complicated sentence.,One English proverb is the early bird catches the worm, which is frequently used to talk about hard work being the key to success. 2. The proverb great minds think alike, but fools seldom differ is very famous although it is usuall
12、y shortened to great minds think alike.,3. The proverb dont count your chickens until they are hatched means dont count on something going well until it happens, and this proverb is very popular.4. The proverb make hay while the sun shines is very old, and it comes from the old days when people all
13、worked on farms.,if,Time for reflection,What are simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences and complex-compound sentences?,1. _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.,A. Since B. Unless C. As D. although,2. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer r
14、ealized she had lost her keys.,A. when B. that C. where D. before,Quiz I Multiple choice,3. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _, in fact, there were 40.,A. while B. whether C. what D. which,4. - What did your parents think about your decision?,- They always let me do _ I think I
15、should.,A. when B. that C. how D. what,5. Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.,A. since B. after C. before D. when,6. Parents are taught to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.,A. that B. how C. such D. so,7. I
16、 work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.,A. how B. which C. where D. that,8. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where,Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be.,A. who B. that C. what
17、 D. which,10. We were told that we should follow the main road _ we reached the central railway station.,A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever,11. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad .,A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,12. The English
18、play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.,for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,13. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter.,because B. so that C. even if D. as,14. Is that the small town you often refer to?, Right, just the one _ you know I used to
19、work for years.,A. that B. which C. where D. what,15. There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands.,A. where B. which C. when D. that,16. _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre.,Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless,17. The journey around the world took t
20、he old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.,of which B. during which C. from which D. for which,18. I hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy those shoes?,A. so B. and C. yet D. but,19. Did Jack come back early last night?,Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.
21、,A. before B. when C. that D. until,20. The old ladys hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and _, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.,when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why,21. Mark was a student at this uni
22、versity from 1999 to 2003, _, he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.,during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time,22. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.,where B. what C. that D. how,
23、23. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.,A. While B. Since C. As D. If,24. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.,when B. where C. what D. which,25. Great changes have taken place in that sc
24、hool. It is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped.,what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that,26. You must keep on working in the evening, _ you are sure you can finish the task in time.,A. as B. if C. when D. unless,Quiz II. Translation:,1. 有许多种运动,但我最喜欢的是游泳。,Ther
25、e are many kinds of sports, but my favorite is swimming.,2. 你说每个人都是平等的，这是我不同意之处。,You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree.,3. 他必须写一篇历史论文,可他找不到时间写。,He had to write a history paper, but he couldnt find time to do it.,4. 我不能理解为什么他们坚持骑摩托车去。,I cant understand why they in
26、sist on going by motorbike.,5. 几个星期过去了，我才意识到这幅画失踪了。,Several weeks had gone by before I realized the painting was missing.,6. 无论什么时候你都可以在我的饭店免费吃饭。,You can eat food free in my restaurant whenever you like.,Preview,To preview Task on Page 58:Skills building 1: finding information about a legendary personSkills building 2: asking about cultural differencesSkills building 3: writing a story about a legendary figure,Homework,To read the points on Page 56 again. To finish the exercises on Page 127 of your Workbook.,