1、Unit 5,Grammar Nominative Absolute Construction,1. Remind the students of the five great authoresses in the English literary world in the 19th century.,Revision,Lead in,Check the students understanding of the following sentences with the nominative absolute constructions.,1. The three Bront sisters
2、adopting this practice, Mary Ann Evans did the same and wrote under the name of George Eliot.,2. With the 19th century being regarded as one of great women writers, there were also some excellent male authors. 3. These women having produced works of the highest quality, any survey of the 19th centur
3、y English literature must include them.,1. 构成:独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词,不定式,名词,代词,形容词,副词或介词短语)构成,在语法上是一个独立的短语,不是句子,在意思上依附于整个句子。构成如下:,Grammar,the Nominative Absolute Construction (独立主格结构),(1) 名词(代词)+现在分词,过去分词 (2) 名词(代词)+形容词 (3) 名词(代词)+副词 (4) 名词(代词)+不定式 (5) 名词(代词)+介词短语,2. 独立主格结构的特点: (1) 独立主格结构的作用相当于状语从句,可
4、表示 时间,原因,条件,行为方式或伴随情况; (2) 独立主格结构可置于句首,也可以放在句尾; (3) 独立主格结构主要用于书面语;,(4) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句中的语法主语不同,不指同一个人或同一事物; (5) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在; (6) 名词或代词与后面的分词, 形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系; (7) 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开,（8）过去分词表示被动，逻辑主语承受动作；分词的完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。 e.g.1). The test finished, we began our holiday.=When t
5、he test was finished, we began our holiday.,2). The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 3). Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 4). He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 5). He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.,3. with 的复合结构作独
6、立主格表伴随时, 既可用分词的独立结构, 也可用with 的复合结构。其结构如下: (1) with +名词/代词宾格+介词短语 (2) with +名词/代词宾格+分词 (3) with +名词/代词宾格+不定式 (4) with +名词/代词宾格+形容词/副词 (5) with +名词/代词宾格+名词,e.g. 1). The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.2). The classroom is very bright with all the lights turned on.3). I cant go o
7、ut, with a lot of work to do.4). Dont talk with your mouth full.5). He fought the tiger with a stick as his only weapon.,4 独立主格结构的句法功能 (1) 作时间状语The meeting over, they left the hall. (2) 作原因状语My watch having been lost, I didnt know what time it was.,(3) 作条件状语Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema
8、with you. (4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明Mary entered the room, with a big apple in her hand.He stood there, with his hands in his pockets.,1. Once the dark clouds disappeared, the sun shone again.Once the dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again. 2. As the chairman is ill, we had better put the meeting
9、off.As the chairman being ill, we had better put the meeting off.,Exercise,3. The water had risen so high in the night. It was impossible to cross the river.The water having risen so high in the night. It was impossible to cross the river.,4. We went into a large room. Many tables and chairs were pl
10、aced in it.Many tables and chairs being placed in the large room, We went into it.,1. Rewrite the following sentences, making them more colloquial. 1) The last bus having gone, I had to walk home. I had to walk home because the last bus had gone.,USING STRUCTURES,2) All possibilities considered, I t
11、hink we ought to make a decision. I think we ought to make a decision after considering all possibilities.,3) All the desk and chairs having been mended, the carpenter packed up his tools and went home.The carpenter packed up his tools and went home after all the desks and chairs had been mended.,4)
12、 All the compositions having been collected, Miss Gao sent the class home.Miss Gao sent the class home once all the compositions had been collected.,2. Read and translate the passage into Chinese. Underline the examples of the nominative absolute construction in the passage. Then rewrite it using a
13、more colloquial style.,This machine can help you sleep by removing all problems from your mind and providing you with calm and peace. Personality permitting, the machine puts you to sleep within one hour. Volunteers are asked to lie on a bed, with their hands by their sides. The relaxometer is place
14、d around their heads.,Quiet and calming music being played, the supervisor monitors the effect of the relaxometer on the patient. The volunteer becoming sleepy, the supervisor arranges for the bed to rock gently. Regular breathing beginning, it is clear that the relaxometer is doing its job well.,It
15、 is expected that only the most difficult cases will remain awake, the supervisor being in constant attendance to make sure there is no accident. Coming with a lifetime guarantee, this machine can be rented or brought in all big supermarkets.,_ I attended the meeting instead of him last Monday.A. He
16、 was ill B. His being illC. Him being ill D. He being ill,Choose the best answers.,_ , Ill go over all these lessonsbefore the exam.A. If time permit will B. Time permittingC. If time permitted D. Time permits,3. _, he drew a conclusion.A. The experiment B. The experiment makingC. The experiment hav
17、ing been done D. The experiment made,A. The exam to be held B. The exam will holdC. The exam holds D. The exam holding,4. _ tomorrow, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.,A. All things be considered B. All things considered C. All things having considering D. All things considering,5. _, her paper is
18、 of greater value than yours.,6. A new technique _ , the yields asa whole increased by 20 percent. A. working out B. having worked outC. having been worked outD. to have been worked out,7. The decision _, the next problem was how to make a good a good plan. A. having made B. having been makingC. having been made D. been made,8. The teacher walked into the classroom _.A. with a book in hand B. hand with a book C. being with a book in hand D. to have a book in hand,9. _ no homework left, the pupils could do whatever they liked. A. There being B. There had C. There to be D. There having,