1、Fairness for all,Unit 3,Words,boycottprohibitoffence traditionsubmitunwilling hopeful,n. 抵制; 排斥 vt. 禁止; 阻止 n. 冒犯; 非法活动 n. 传统; 惯例 vi. 勉强的 adj. 有希望的,negotiatechaospunctualcoincidencepedestrianmarchpavementsalute abuse,vt. 辱骂,prayerbombsupremenationwideconstitutionalfundamental happinessliberty,n. 祈祷 n
2、. 炸弹 vt. 投弹于; 轰炸 adj. 最高的; 极度的 adj. 全国性的; 全国的 adj. 宪法的 adj. 基础的; 基本的 n. 幸福; 快乐 n. 自由,Abraham Lincoln,Warming Up,Look at the pictures. In pairs who these people were and their contribution to civil rights in the USA.,Martin Luther King. Jr,Paul Robeson,Nelson Mandela,Do you know them?,Harriet Tubman,
3、John Brown,Gundy,Look at his photo and work out the problems of the blacks in many parts of America before 1955.,Pre-reading,What happened?,This shows a black man being mistreated by a policeman duringa demonstration to draw attention to the lack of civil rights for black people in America in the 19
4、50s.,Photo1,Photo 2 This shows a black housing area after some white gangs have tried to stop black people from drawing attention to their civil rights in the 1950s.,Photo 3This shows that there are two sets of parallel facilities operated in the southern states during the 1950s. White people had th
5、eir own waiting rooms, drinking fountains, seats and toilet during this period. The Blacks had other less comfortable facilities.The police upheld the rights of the whites at the expense of those of the black people in the 1950s.,How would you feel if you had these restrictions in your life? What wo
6、uld you do ?,THE START OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT,Reading,The passage on page 22 is taken from the diary of Maryann Jones, a black woman who lived in Montgomery, Mississippi.,1 What was the cause of the boycott? What happened? What was the date when this incident happened?,The immediate cause of t
7、he boycott was Rosa Parks, a black woman,Read the questions first. Skim the reading passage quickly and then answer them.,being turned off the bus because she would not give up her seat for a white man. She was arrested because she challenged the racial discrimination on buses. Then King and the oth
8、er black leaders in Montgomery called on all the blacks to start a bus boycott movement.,The black community and the black churches supported Rosa Parks.,2 Which people supported Rosa Parks?,3 How long did the boycott last? Whatdid the blacks do to show their determination?,The boycott lasted about
9、a year. All that time the blacks walked to work or used taxis.,The whites tried to end the boycott by playing tricks (announcing it was all over), and bombing the houses of the leaders of the movement.,4 What did the whites do to end the boycott?,5 Why do you think white people wanted to sit separat
10、ely from blacks?,I think white people wanted to sit away from blacks because they thought the blacks were inferior.,It made it clear to the people of the city that the black community was not going to put up with unfair treatment any more.,6 In what ways do you think theboycott influenced the city?,
11、7 When was the boycott over? How did the blacks win the battle?,The boycott was over when the Supreme Court said that it was illegal to sections reserved for black and white people on the buses. The blacks won the battle through their continuous struggle, in which they showed their determination, pe
12、rseverance and unity.,Martin Luther King,Born in 1929 Graduated in 1955 Worked in a church Organized his first action in 1955 Formed an organization for black leaders to work together in 1957,Give speech “ I Have a Dream” in 1963 Received the Nobel Peace Price in 1964 Murdered in 1968,Rosa Parks,whi
13、tes-only section refuse to stand up for a white man,In 1955 King led the movement in Alabama, asking the blacks not to take the city buses.,a boycott of a bus company,arrested by the police,refused to give up her seat,arrested,boycott,on foot or in taxis,The Whites were angry,The blacks were solid,b
14、ombed the houses,SupremeCourt,Course of the movement,In 1963 King led the Great March , asking for the equal civil rights.,In 1963 King made a speech to thousands of blacks in Washing-ton.,A big civil rights march through the centre of Birmingham.,Dr Martin Luther King A Historical Perspective,I Hav
15、e A Dream.,1. Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus.,2 Put the events on page 24 in the correct order.,2. Rosa Parks was arrested.,3. Martin Luther King Jr. called on the blacks to boycott the city buses and trolleybuses.,5. The Whites were angry because their business suffered .,4. They
16、 went to work on foot or in taxis instead.,6. The blacks were solid in their support of the boycott.,7. The whites bombed the houses of theblack leaders.,8. The Supreme Court eventually agree with boycott.,9. Blacks were finally able to sit wherethey liked on city buses.,Now use your own words to wr
17、ite a short summary of the passage.,This is the story of one young Black girls reaction to the start of the Civil Rights Movement. She explains how Rosa Parks was arrested because she would not give up her seat for a while man and how this made the black,community so angry that they a boycott of all
18、 city buses. The boycott lasted for about a year and the whites tried many ways to stop it but in the end the Supreme Court agreed with the black community. Separate seats on the buses were in the future to be illegal.,1. boycott vt联合抵制to refuse to buy sth., use sth., or take part in sth. as a way o
19、f protesting.如: We boycott all products tested on animals.我们抵制用动物做产品实验。,Language points, n. 抵制an act of boycotting sth. , or the period of time when it is boycotted.Phrases from other entries:boycott of / on / against 抵制called for a boycott 号召抵制organize a boycott 组织抵制,如:The group is urging a nationw
20、ide boycott of toys manufactured withchild labor. 这个组织呼吁联合抵制雇佣童工生产的 玩具。 He called for a boycott of the elections. 他呼吁联合抵制选举活动。,2. prohibit 禁止,阻止to say that an action is illegal or not allowed.如: Smoking is strictly prohibited inside the factory.厂内严禁吸烟。,prohibit sb. from doing sth.禁止，阻止别人作某事如: They a
21、re prohibited from revealing details about the candidates.他们被禁止透露候选人信息。,如: The possession of stolen property is a criminal offence. 占有偷盗赃物是一种犯罪行为。 Punishment for a first offence is a fine.初犯的惩罚是罚款。,3. offense =offence n. (动词形式：offend)an illegal action or a crime.,His solicitor said he committed the
22、offence because he was heavily in debt. 他的律师宣称他负债太多已构成犯罪。The bill makes it an offence to carry a knife.法令视携带刀具为犯规行为。,4. submit 服从;顺从,submitted /submitting to give a plan, piece of writing etc to someone in authority for them to consider or approve., submit an application/claim/proposal etc.如：All app
23、lications must be submitted by Monday.所有的申请周一前必须提交。, to suggest or say sth.submit +(that)从句如: I submit that the jury has been influenced by the publicity in this case.我承认陪审团在这个案件中已经受公 众影响。,5. punctual,arriving, happening, or being done at exactly the time that has been arranged同义：on timepunctually -
24、 副词punctuality - 名词,be punctual for sth,如: Shes always very punctual for appointments.她总是很准时赴约。the punctual payment of invoices.发票的准时支付。,6. salute v., to move your right hand to your head, especially in order to show respect to an officer in the army, navy etc 敬礼salutation - 名词,如：The two soldiers sa
25、luted Lieutenant Cecil.那两个士兵向塞西尔中尉致敬。The men jumped to their feet and saluted.他们跳起来敬礼。, to praise someone for the things they have achieved, especially publicly. salute sb as sth.如：James Joyce was saluted as the greatest writer of the 20th century.詹姆斯乔伊斯被赞颂为20世纪最伟大作家。, in salute 如：he officer raised
26、his hand in salute. salute to 如：His first words were a salute to the people of South Africa.,8. fundamental（adj.),relating to the most basic and important parts of sth.基础的，根本的如:We have to tackle the fundamental cause of the problem.我们必须抓住这个问题最基本的原因。,fundamentals (名词）,the fundamentals (of sth.)基本知识，基
27、本原理the most important ideas, rules etc that something is based on an introduction to the fundamentals of design and print production.,9. constitutional 宪法的;构成的,officially allowed or limited by the system of rules of a country or organization. constitutionally - 副词constitution - 名词constitute - 动词,反义词
28、：unconstitutional 违反宪法的a constitutional right to privacy a constitutional monarchy (=a country ruled by a king or queen whose power is limited by a constitution),10. supreme 最高的,having the highest position of power, importance, or influence,如:the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe where he reigns su
29、preme (=is the most important thing)It required a supreme effort to stay awake.,11. liberty 自由，随意,the freedom and the right to do whatever you want without asking permission or being afraid of authority.,如: individual / personal liberty个人自由religious / political / economic liberty宗教，政治，经济自由,take the
30、liberty of doing sth.,如: I took the liberty of canceling your reservation. 我随意取消预约。be at liberty to do something 如:I am not at liberty to discuss these matters.我没空讨论这些事情。,1 By law he could not sit with Rosa and by tradition blacks were expected to move.,依法，他不能和罗仕坐在一起，依传 统，黑人得起身离去。,Difficult sentence
31、s analysis,句中by law和by tradition 是表示“方法” 的介词短语。由by引导的介词短语还有： by accident, by all means方法, by comparison, by far, by means of, by mistake, by no means, by reason of, by the way, by virtue of:由于, by way of,S subject 主语 P predicate 谓语 O object 宾语 Att attribute 定语 Adv adverbial 状语 Com complement 补语 Pre
32、predicative 表语 C clause 从句,Short forms 缩略语,2 Theyre hopeful that they can negotiate a fairer situation if all the blacks support them.,S,O C,V,Pre,句中that引导的是形容词的宾语从句。,他们希望他们可以协商获得一个更好的 形势，如果所有黑人都支持他们。,3 Ive never seen her as angry as that, so I kept quiet.,我从未见过她生气生的如此厉害,因此我 保持安静。,句中as angry as that
33、作宾语补语，quiet 作半系动词的表语。,半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有： 表感观的系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel（这些词用形容词作表语), seem, appear 表变化的系动词：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run,表依旧的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold 可带名词作表语的系动词：be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn （该词后接的单数名词 前多不用冠词。,