1、Grammar Attribute,Unit 1,充当定语的有: 形容词、代词、名 词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句.,定语定义,英语句子中修饰名词，代词或其 它名词化了词的句子成分叫定语。,定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰 词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词 之后的叫后置定语。,单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词 之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定 语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置 定语。,在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限 定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性 定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词 短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词 遵循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指： 限定词（一般指数量）；外观（
2、美丽 等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年 龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：,一 定语前置,如： a famous American university an interesting little red French oil painting a new plastic bucket purple velvet curtains an elegant German clock,描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词 例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ; 2) 表示颜色的形容
3、词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后 例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ;,另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:,3) little ,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前,例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:a young ambitious man (强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃) 。当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因
4、此上面所说的情况一般较少出现。,It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。 He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。,二 定语后置,（1）短语作定语一般后置,（English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。 The boys hardest to teach are all in his class. 最难教的男生都在他的班里了。,Lets go somewhere q
5、uiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。 There is nothing important in todays paper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。 Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗?,（2）修饰some，any，no，every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置,The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。 They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。,（3）副词作定语,He is a person dependable.他是一个可以依靠的人 This i
6、s the only transportation means available. 这是唯一可行的交通工具。,（4）动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible结尾的形容词作定语,1 Everybody involved should stay here. 2 The college mentioned.,（5）起强调用的单个分词,1 Fill in the blanks with the wordsin the _.A. above box B. below box C. box above D. under box,C above副词作定语应后置。,练习,2 “Can you find
7、the _”? said the policeman to the little boy.A. way back home B. home way back C. back home way D. back way home,A back副词作定语应后置。,3 There wasnt _ in the managers speech. It was boring.A. interesting anything B. something interestingC. anything of interesting D. anything of interest,D 作定语用的短语of intere
8、st修饰不定代词时要后置。这个句子是否定句，因此选项B不对。,4 Mr Scott is one of the _ after the terrible earthquake in that village.A. alive survivors B. live survivors C. survivors alive D. living survivors,C 部分以a-开头的表语形容词 有时也可作定语，但须后置。,5 Yesterday, a Mr Brown, _, came to visit you.A. 28-year-old B. 28 years old C. 28-years-o
9、ld D. of 28 year old,B 作定语用的形容词与表示度量的短语连用时要后置。但复合形容词28-year-old只能作前置定语。,英语里有大量的定语从句,而汉语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含定语从句,即多重定语从句。,定语从句,如： A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly.,(健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多。这些食
10、物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养),1）英语的复合句中,分句以其主句 为基干,通过连接手段,一层一层地展开,就好像一棵树的树干上长出大枝子,大枝子上再长出小枝子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间发生的顺序出现,依次展开。,如： “伟大领袖和导师毛主席领导中国共产党进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,建立了新中国,人民得到了解放,科学得到了解放。”这句话,译成英语便成了With the founding of new China (which was) born of arduous struggles (which were) waged by the Chinese Communist Party (which w
11、as) under the leadership of our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao , our people , and science as well , won emancipation.,2）英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达的信息,在汉语里一般由另一个小句来表达。,She asked for his help which he gladly gave. 她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她。,定语从句专项练习,1 This is the longest train _ I have ever seen.A. which B. that C.
12、 what D. whom,2 I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the farm _ you visited last week.A. when, where B. which, which C. when , which D. which , where,3 He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. them C. that D. which,4 Did you s
13、ee the man _ ?A.I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. whom I nodded to him D. whom I nodded to just now,5 Willma won three Olympic gold medals in track, _ made her mother very happy.A. it B. that C. which D. this,6 The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. w
14、hat B. which C. that D. it,7 Is there any other reader wants to renew his book?A. who B. whom C. whose D. which,1. The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games_ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held,高考链接,2. Look out! Dont get too close to the house_ roof is underrepair. A.
15、whose B. whichC. of which D. what,3. In an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. where B. when C. which D. what,4. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite,5. It isnt socially _for pare
16、nts to leave children unattended at that age. Aaccessible Badorable Cadaptable Dacceptable,6. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom,7. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which,8. The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroadAthat Ball thatCall what Dwhich,