1、Word-consolidation-I (2m),Answer key for Exercise 1:,quit, tough accustomed to ashamed (of her) breathless desperate (The) alcoholic (effects) strengthen (your muscles) pregnant disappointed decide on,Discovering useful words and expressions,Page 20,Answer key for Exercise 2:,Word-consolidation-II (
2、2m),cigarettes, alcohol, effects, adolescents, tough, stress,due to, addicted to, mental, quit, unfit, withdrawal,Grammar,The use of “it”,Grammar (5m),It rains heavily (It is a rainy day). 2. It is 20 kilometers from Grandads house to James. 3. It is November 11, 2005. 4. It is 9 oclock at night.,6.
3、 It is no good smoking.,7. It is likely that he will succeed.,真正主语,真正主语,形式主语,形式主语,真正主语,形式主语,Discovering “It”,= _ is bad.,To smoke,= _ is no good.,Smoking,= _is likely.,That he will succeed,5. It is bad to smoke.,1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Xian is a beautiful city, isnt it? 2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或
4、孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.,一、it 作人称代词,it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it： 指天气： It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy.,二、it作非人称代词,2. 指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3. 指环境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4. 指距离： It is half an hours walk to the city centre
5、 from my home.,5. 指日期：-Whats the date today? -Its May 1, 2007. 6. 指季节：It is summer now.,7. 指度量：It is about 5 kilograms. 8. 指价值：-Whats the cost of the T-shirt?-It is 150 yuan.,替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。,三、it用作形式主语,（1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，ha
6、rd，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.,1. 代作主语的动词不定式,（2）I
7、t be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy.Its kind of you to help me with the problem.,Its no good/use doing Its（well）worth doing Its（well）worth ones while doing/to do Its（well）
8、worth while doing/ to do Its no use crying over spilt milk.,(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型,2. it作形式主语替代主语从句,It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain ) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然, 真的）” 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如： It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.,It is adj. + clause,It is sa
9、id (reported/ learned/believed /thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.,It is v-ed that=sb./sth. is to do, It is + noun + 从句,It is a pity (a sha
10、me /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去。表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：,It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！,四、it作形式宾语,当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的
11、补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。,I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。 I found it very interesting to study English. 我发现学英语非常有趣。 He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。,五、用于强调句型中,It is/was +
12、 被强调部分 + that/who . It is not until + 被强调部分 + that .,I met Tom in the park yesterday.,1) It was I who met Tom in the park yesterday.,2) It was Tom who I met in the park yesterday.,3) It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.,4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park.,It was five oclock _I go
13、t home. It was at five oclock_ I got home.,when,that,强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和who whom皆可） It was she who that had been wrong 是她错了。 ( ) It was the girl whom that I met just now 我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( ) It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked 老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 （ ） It was on Monday night that all this
14、happened 所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（ ）,主语,宾语,介词宾语,状语,It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到才”，可以说是not . until . 的强调形式。例如: It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famou
15、s film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,六、It 常用的固定搭配,make it （1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例Its hard to make it to the top in show business. （2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例 Shall we meet next week？ OK. We just make it next Saturda
16、y.,2. take it/things easy 相当于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气” Take it easy！He will do it well. 3. It all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasnt been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来” Are you going to the countryside for holiday？ It/That all depends.,4. Its up to sb. 在口语中，相当于its decided
17、 by sb. 表示“由决定，由负责，取决于”Shall we go out for dinner？Its up to you., It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 It is easier to fall than to rise.摔倒容易爬起来难。 It is no use crying over spilt（溢出的） milk. 覆水难收。 It never rains but it pours(泼水). 不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。,Proverbs(谚语) with “It”,Classify（分类）the proverbs according t
18、o the usages of “it”.,Group 1 _ Group 2 _ Group 3 _, It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open.创业容易守业难。 It takes three generations（代）to make a gentleman. 十年树木，百年树人。,1.努力学习英语很必要。 It is necessary to work hard on English. 对于我们来说，努力学习英语很必要。 It is necessary _us to work hard on English.,fo
19、r,2. 你把真相说出来了，真诚实。 It is honest _you to tell me the truth.,of,To work hard on English is necessary for us.,You are honest to tell me the truth.,1. Work in groups of three and writeStudent 1 three namesStudent 2 three adjectivesStudent 3 three things to do,Its + adj. of/for sb. to do sth,2. Make sent
20、ences according to the names,adjectives and sth to to on the paper, using the structure.,Talk about the following pictures, using,It is no use/good doing sth 做没有用/不好 It is fun doing sth 做很有趣,还想跑？甭想！,想追我？没门！,Ah! My milk is spilt（溢出）,“I told you not toplay with fire!”,该死的电脑游戏！,I love it!,It is wonderf
21、ul that my father has quit smoking.,2. My father has quit smoking. That is wonderful.,It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.,Rewrite the following sentences, using “Its that”.,3. You could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. ( It is likely).,Im still fit enou
22、gh to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon. That is amazing.,It is amazing that I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometers in an afternoon.,It is known to us that bird flu (禽流感) hit China again.,It is said that Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement.,Bird flu(禽流感) hit China
23、again. That is known to us.,6. Li Yuchun got more than one million yuan for the advertisement. People say that.,4. China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes. It is reported.,It is reported that China produces one third of the worlds cigarettes.,7. Some young people think that they look attra
24、ctive when they smoke. It seems that,It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke.,Answer key for Exercise 2:,Page 21,It is difficult to give up smoking. It seems that some young people think they look attractive when they smoke. It is believed that smoking causes cance
25、r. It is no use trying to quit on a stressful day. It is astonishing that China produces one-third of the worlds cigarettes. It is illegal to advertise cigarettes in this country.,Discovering useful structures,It is wonderful that my father has quit smoking at last. It was a dark and stormy night when the old man started his journey. It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. It is necessary for you to take pills to control your blood pressure.,