1、Language points,1.abstract adj.抽象的; 深奥的 n.摘要an abstract concept 抽象概念abstract philosophical problems 深奥的哲学问题Her ideas seem a little abstract. 她的思想有点儿让人费解。Astronomy is an abstract subject. 天文学是一门深奥的学科。To make an abstract of a speech 将演说作 一摘要,in the abstract 就一般而言， 理论上来讲 abstract sth from sth 从某物中提炼出某物
2、 我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。 We will consider this problem _ _ _. 将一本书做成一个摘要。 Make _ _ of a book. 橡胶是从树木提取的。rubber is _ from trees.,in the abstract,an abstract,abstracted,2. faith n.信任，信赖，信心；信仰，信条,1)信念; 信任, 完全信赖(+in) +thatHe always puts his faith in the future.他对未来总是抱有信心。,2)信仰; 宗教信仰; 信条(+in)People of every fait
3、h attended the mayors funeral.信仰不同宗教的人士出席了市长的葬礼。,3. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD.,The bank refused to help the company; consequently, it went bankrupt. She overslept and, consequently, she was late.,consequently = as a result,
4、 therefore 因此,It rained that day and _ the baseball game was called off.,As a result of her mothers illness, she left school. Her mother became ill; _ she left school.,consequently,consequently,4. During the Renaissance, new ideas and values replaced those held in the Middle Ages.,文艺复兴时期，新的观点和价值观取代了
5、中世纪人们坚持的观点和价值观。,take the place of = take ones place = replace 代替,take place 发生, 举办 take ones place 就座, 坐下,如果他不来的话, 谁会替代他呢? Who will take the place of him if he doesnt come? Who will take his place if he doesnt come ?,5. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of the painters was to represent religious
6、themes.,中世纪，画家们的主要目的是表达宗教主题。,take aim at 瞄准 = aim at sth. be aimed at 旨在; 目的在于; 针对 with the aim of 有的目的 without aim 无目的的, 胡乱地,这些措施旨在削减政府的开支。 These measures are _ _ government costs. 他没有瞄准就开枪。 He fired _ _. 他的人生没有目标。 He has_ _ in life.,aimed at,without aim,no aim,6. typical adj 典型的；有代表性的 Eg: a typica
7、l British summer 典型的英国夏天 typical + of 1)典型的,有代表性的 This painting is typical of his early work. 这幅画是他早期的代表作。 2) 特有的,独特的;表现特征的 It was typical of him to be so merciless. 只有他才会这么冷酷无情。,1.In a _ display, colored streamers seem to race across the sky. 典型的一种现象是：彩色的光流划过天际。 2.This chair is _ of Anthonys way of
8、 designing furniture.这把椅子是安东尼式家具设计的代表。,typical,typical,7. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions.,他们雇请著名艺术家来画他们，及他们的住宅和其他的财产。,possession 拥有, 占有, 所有, 领土, 领地, 财产(常用复数),富人 个人财产 他放弃了这房子的所有权。,a man of great possessions,personal possessions,He gave up _ of t
9、he house.,possession,Sbin possession of 某人拥有某物 Sthin the possession of sb 为某人拥有 Sthin ones possession,possess v.,他有两辆汽车。,He possesses two cars.He is in possession of two cars.Two cars are in his possession.,你是怎样得到它的?,How did you get ( take ) possession of it?,8. When people first saw his paintings,
10、they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene.,人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。,convince vt. 使确信 说服 convince sb. of sth convince sb. to do sth. be convinced of sth,我们说服她搭火车去。 We_ her_ by train. 她试图使我们相信她的清白。 She tried to _ her innocence.我坚信她是清白无辜的.,convinced,to
11、 go,convinced us of,他劝我应该学法律。,He convinced me that I should study law.,花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。,It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.,Everyone was convinced by his words.,9. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. 如
12、果没有发现透视法，就没有人能画出如此逼真的画。本句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气。如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，则是非真是条件句，要用虚拟语气。,If she were my daughter, I wouldnt let her stay out the whole night. 如果她是我的女儿，我就不会让她整夜不归。 If I had had enough money, I would have bought a DV before travelling. 如果那时我有足够的钱，我会在旅行之前买一部数码摄像机的。,10. By coincidence, oil paints were als
13、o developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. 巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得画的颜色看上去更丰富，更深沉。,这是which 引导的，是定语从句，指的是前面的句子 oil paints were also developed at this time。 类似的用法有： His wife died, which made his life change greatly. 他妻子去世了，这使得他的生活发生了巨大的变化。,11. Without the
14、new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. 没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。,这里有without引动的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，逐句用虚拟语气we would not be able to see。类似的用法有： Without your help, he would not pass the test. 没有你的帮助，他就不能通过这次测试。,12
15、. In the late 19th, Europe changed a great deal.,a great deal = a good deal 大量的; a great deal of = a good deal of 大量的;,He ate _for supper yesterday. He ran _ faster than me. She is _ better today. She has _ experience. I have _work to do. I was _surprised.,a great deal of money / information / water
16、,a great deal,a great deal,a great deal,a great deal of,a great deal of,a great deal,13. Nowadays, there are scores of modern art styles.,scores of 很多, 几十 score 二十; (比赛)的得分,There are scores of rooms in the hotel. Ive seen the film scores of times. Scores of people were killed in the fight.,足球比赛的比分是四
17、比一。,The score in the football game was 4 - 1.,七十岁, 古稀之年 六十人 许多年前,three score (years) and ten,three score of people,scores of years ago,我需要一打铅笔. (二十只铅笔)他买了三打啤酒.我们去广州十几次了.,I need a dozen pencils.,I need a score of pencils.,He bought three dozen bottles of beer.,We have been to Guangzhou dozens of time
18、s.,14. The painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the objects.,The second question was so difficult that I didnt even attempt it. I attempted to speak but was told to keep quiet. She made an attempt to lock the door.,a
19、ttempt n. 努力, 尝试, 企图 vt.尝试, 企图,15. on the other hand (可是） 另一方面on the one hand 一方面 Eg: 1) On the one hand, she taught English; on the other hand she learned Chinese. 她一方面教英语，一方面学习汉语。 2) On the one hand I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgment. 一方面我承认他有天分，而另一方面我却怀疑他的判断力。,1) _,
20、 it may strike oil at a fairly high level. 另一方面，也可能在相当浅的地方打出油来。 2) I know this job of mine isnt well paid, but_ I dont have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来讲来说，我也不必工作太长时间。,On the other hand,on the other hand,预言;预料;预报+that +wh- He predicted that an earthquake was imminent. 他预言即将发生地震。 He predicted a good harvest. 他预言丰收,I can predict something with great accuracy. 我能很准确地预测某事。,16. predict vt.预言，预测，预告,2.Its hard to _ when it will happen.很难预见这件事何时发生。,1.The economists _ an increase in the rate of inflation.经济学家预言通货膨胀率将会增长。,predicted,predict,