1、Grammar and usage,Unit 1 Getting along with others,Objectives,To recognize the basic forms of “to infinitive” and “bare infinitive” To learn how to use “to infinitive” and “bare infinitive” in different situations To learn how to use the “verb-ing” form as a noun in various situations, To infinitive
2、 Bare infinitive Verb-ing form as a noun,To make friends, which way of communication do you prefer, chatting online or talking face to face? Why?,Free talk,Fill the blanks,Complete the passage using the words in brackets. Change the form where necessary.,One teenage girl in the UK, Sarah, regretted
3、(chat) online after her online friend turned out to be a boy from her class playing a joke on her. Sarah said that she wanted _ (make) some new friends, so she entered an Internet chat room.,chatting,to make,She remembered _ (discuss) music with a girl, who called herself Joanne. The two met up ofte
4、n in the chat room, and after some time, Joanne wanted _ (meet) Sarah in real life. Sarah felt nervous and excited on the bus journey _ (see) her new friend.,discussing,to meet,to see,When she arrived, she was shocked _ (discover) that her new friend was a boy and that she already knew him. Sarah fe
5、lt like _(cry) when she found out that she had been chatting online with a boy called Joe from her class. Joe explained that he did not mean _(hurt) Sarah. He just wanted to play a joke on her.,to discover,crying,to hurt,1 regretted chatting 2 wanted to make 3 remembered discussing 4 wanted to meet
6、5 to see 6 was shocked to discover 7 felt like crying 8 mean to hurt ,Form of the verb,不定式 To-infinitive,动名词 Gerund,1 regretted chatting 2 . remembered discussing 3 felt like crying,4 wanted to make 5 wanted to meet 6 to see 7 was shocked to discover 8 .mean to hurt,v.,ing form,主/表/宾/定/补/状,v.,to +th
7、e base form of a verb,不定式和动名词的,时态和语态,语态,时态,不定式的时态和语态,He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,老板经过他时,他假装正在卖力的工作。,对不起让你久等了。,语态,时态,动名词的时态和语态,doing,having done,being done,having been done,Thank you for having helped me so much.,Before being used, the
8、machine must be checked.,感谢你帮我这么多忙。,在使用之前该药物必须要被检验。,不定式是非谓语动词常见的一种形式，通常由“to + 动词原形” 构成，其否定形式为“not to + 动词原形” ，在句中可以做主语、宾语、宾语(主语)补足语、定语、表语或状语等。,To infinitive （动词）不定式,1. to infinitive used as the subject不定式(短语)作主语eg. To obey law is everyones duty.遵纪守法是每个人的职责。To see is to believe.眼见为实。To talk with your
9、 mouth full is rude.满嘴食物地讲话是不礼貌的。,Notes,It is impossible to finish the work in such a short time.在如此短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。It is useful for you to learn some spoken English.学习一些口语对你来说是有用的。,2. to infinitive used as the object不定式(短语)作宾语 eg. He managed to solve the problem by himself.他自己设法解决了问题。I like to rea
10、d newspaper articles about sports.我喜欢读一些体育方面的新闻报道。Amy wants to know more about thefilm.安米想知道更多的关于这部电影的情况。,want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, agree, learn, mean, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, continue, ask, promise, expect, choose, pr
11、efer,The following words are usually followed by to infinitive as the object:,3. to infinitive used as the object complement不定式(短语)作宾语补足语 eg. Id like you to keep everything tidy.我希望你能使每样东西都保持整洁。The teacher asked us to finish the worktoday.老师要我们今天完成工作。Tell Jack to close the window, please.请让杰克关上窗户。,动
12、词make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和observe后的宾语补足语，要省去“to“。 eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.他们看见那小男孩突然从树上跌下来。The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day.老板让工人们每天工作14小时。,4. “to infinitive” used as the attributive不定式(短语)作定语 eg. I have a lot of work to do.我有许多工作要做。I hav
13、e no one to talk to.我没有一个可以交谈的人。He is looking for a house to live in.他正在找房子住。,5. to infinitive used as the predicative不定式(短语)作表语 eg. My wish is to be a doctor.我的愿望是成为一名医生。Our plan is to finish the work in twoweeks.我们的计划是两周内完成这项工作。What I need most now is to have a good rest.我现在最需要的是好好休息。,6. to infini
14、tive used as the adverbial of a sentence to show reason, purpose or result不定式(短语)作句子状语 eg. He came here to attend an importantmeeting. (purpose)他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。（目的）Sam was very surprised to hear the news.(reason)萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。（原因）He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. (result)他到家发现他
15、的老朋友乔治在等他。(结果）,When we use “to infinitive” as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising. eg. He hurried to the rail station, only to find the train had left.,7. the continuous and perfect forms of to infinitive不定式的进行式和完成式 eg. She seemed to have heard of it already.她似乎已经听说
16、过这件事了。When the teacher came in, thestudents pretended to be readingloudly.当老师进来时，同学们假装正在大声读书。,make, have, letwatch, hear, feel, see, noticewould rather, had better, why not,sb.,do,+,1. we use the bare infinitive after:,+,Bare infinitive (省略to的不定式),sb. be,seen watched looked at heard listened to felt
17、 noticed,+,to do,主动变被动，to 要还原,2. When two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, rather than, we normally use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive. She told me to be cheerful and look on the bright side.We had nothing to do but watch TV.,3. Verbs of perception can also be use
18、d with doing (sth.) but with different meanings.,I saw her talk to her new friends. 我看到她和她的新朋友谈话。 (我目睹了整个谈话过程。) I saw her talking to her new friends. 我看到她正在和她的新朋友谈话。 (当我看到的时候，她正在谈话。但我 可能没看到整个过程。),Verb-ing form as a noun,1.Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentence eg. Laying eggs is the ant que
19、ens full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。It is no use arguing with him.与他争辩没用。Her swimming has improved since she started training every day. 自从她开始 训练以后，她的游泳进步的很快。,2.Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentence eg. I like swimming.我喜欢游泳。He has finished writing the composition.他已经写好了作文。He loves playing footba
20、ll.他喜欢踢足球。,admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind,suggest, avoid, enjoy, practise, finish, miss, keep, understand,We use a verb-ing form after these verbs:,The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form:,would you mind, look forward to, cant stand, put off, give up, stick to, be wor
21、th,cant help, feel like, Its no use / good., keep on, devote to, be busy, get down to,regret to do: 抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired.我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。I regret telling him the truth.我后悔告诉他真相。,3. Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or to infinitive, but with
22、 some differences in meanings or usage.,forget to do: 忘记去做某事 forget doing: 忘记做了某事eg. He forgot to close the door when he left.他离开时忘了关门了。I will never forget winning myfirst gold medal.我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌的情况。,remember to do: 记得要做某事remember doing: 记得曾经做过的事 eg. Remember to post the letter forme on your way t
23、o work, OK?在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？I remember seeing this man somewhere.我记得在哪儿见过这个人。,mean to do: 打算做某事 mean doing: 意味着做某事 eg. I mean to come earlier today.我今天打算早点来。Missing this train means waitingfor another hour.错过这列火车意味着又要等一个小时。,try to do: 努力做某事 try doing: 尝试做某事 eg. She tried to finish the work asquick
24、ly as she could.她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。I tried doing the exercise in a different way.我尝试用另一种方法解题。,stop to do: 停下来做某事 stop doing: 停止做某事 eg. The workers stopped to have a rest.工人们停下来休息。The workers stopped workingand took a rest.工人们停止了手中的活，休息一 下。,go on to do: 继续做另一件事 go on doing: 继续做同一件事 eg. After doing the coo
25、king, mother went on to do some washing.饭做好后，妈妈又继续洗衣服了。The workers went on working aftera short rest.短暂的休息后，工人们又开始干活了。,(sb.),like love hate prefer begin start continue,+,to do or doing,4. We can use a verb -ing form or an infinitive after the following verbs, with little difference in meaning.,Answe
26、rs to the exercise on page 9,to thank 2. to apologize 3. to have 4. e-mail 5. to receive 6. to go 7. watch 8. borrow 9. visit 10. to try 11. to see 12. come,Answers to the exercise on page 11,visiting/to visit 2. chatting/to chat 3. visiting/to visit 4. pretending 5. chatting/to chat 6. stop 7. chat
27、ting 8. to do 9. pass 10. making,Time for reflection,To infinitive can be used as what? How about verb-ing? 2.Speak out at least five verbs respectively that can be used after to infinitive or verb-ing. 3.Which verbs can be used as bare infinitive (省略to的不定式)?,Exercise,1. 要学好一门外语是不容易的。Its not easy to
28、 learn a foreign language well. 2. 我们拒绝他们的邀请会显得无礼。It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation. 3. 女士们，先生们，我有一些重要的事情要告诉你们。Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.,I. Translation.,4. 母亲轻轻地走了进来，以免惊醒 儿子。 Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy. 5. 我叫小李给你修收音机。
29、Ill have Xiao Li repair the radio for you. 6. 我那样说并没想着会伤害到你。I didnt mean to hurt you by saying that.,7. 我明天让你用我的电脑。I will let you use my computer tomorrow. 8. 老板让员工一天工作将近十小时。The boss made the employees work nearly ten hours a day. 9. 那早，大卫很幸运的赶上了第一班车。David was lucky to catch the first bus that morni
30、ng. 10. 你介意给我递一下醋吗？Would you mind passing me the vinegar?,1. Do you remember _ (book) tickets for the cinema tomorrow? 2. Waving your hand means_ (say) goodbye in China. 3. I didnt mean _ (hurt) you by saying that.,to book,saying,to hurt,II. Fill in the blanks,4. I regret_ (inform) you that you have
31、 failed the exam. 5. He forgot _ (close) the door when he left.,to inform,to close,1. She pretended _the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A. not to receive B. not receiving C. not to hear from D. having not received,D,III. Choose the best answer.,2._is a good exercise for both the young and t
32、he old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk,B,3. I cant imagine _ with such a famous author.A. work B. to work C. to be working D. working,D,4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest,C,5. I cant help _the h
33、ouse because Im busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned,A,6. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to,C,7. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something _.A. drunk B. to d
34、rink C. to be drunk D. for drinking,B,8. Mrs. Smith warned her husband _ after drinking again and again.A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive,A,9. They knew her very well. They had seen her_up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow,A,10. Tom kept quiet
35、 about the accident _ lose his job.A. not in order to B. so as not to C. in order to not D. not so as to,B,11. They have had a long and bitter struggle _ their living conditions.A. to improving B. for improving C. to improve D. improve,C,12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first comput
36、er.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,C,13. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch,C,14. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking,A,15. The librar
37、y needs _, but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,A,Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。意为：志愿者 工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包 括你自己的生活。动词不定式作chance后 置定语。,高考链接,2. _ warm at night, I
38、 would fillthe woodstove, then set my alarmclock for midnight so I could refill it.A. Staying B. StayedC. To stay D. Stay【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查动 词不定式表目的，意为：晚间，我为了 保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满。故选C。,3. I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意
39、：我停下 车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处 动词不定式表目的，故选C,4. The airport _ next year will helppromote tourism in this area.A. being completed B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。先判断出此处需 要填上一个非谓语动词作the airport的后置 定语；根据标志词next year及句意“明年将 竣工的机场”可知非谓语动词表示将来动作， 故选动词不定式to be done（将被做）；而
40、A项being done“正在被”；C项“已被”； D项常作状语。,5. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 6. I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock
41、C. having locked D. to have locked,7. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting 8. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet,Homework,1. Complete the exercise C1 and C2 on page 92. 2. Preview Task.,Thank you !,