1、91语法复习十六：代 词It 的用法作人称代词John likes playing Pingpong/ He always does it in the afternoon( 指代上下文提到的事物)；/ Its time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer/ Its very quiet at the moment( 可指时间、天气、环境等)引导词作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。Its important for us to lea
2、rn a second language/ Its no use talking to him/ Its known to all that the earth goes round the sunB作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。We feel it our duty to help others/ He made it clear that he would leave the cityC强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分that (或who) 注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或where，而应用th
3、at 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定从)It was twelve oclock when we arrived there(when引起时间状语从句）It was at twelve oclock that we arrived there（that 引起强调句）3. it，one，that 的区别：作为代词，这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。NMET2000 ， 23-Why d
4、ont we take a little break? -Didnt we just have _?Ait Bthat Cone Dthis NMET2001 ， 25The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move inAthey Bit Cone Dwhich one 用以指代同类事物中的任一，that 特指性强，指代可数与不可数词，而it 指代上文提过的同一事物。不定代词不定代词种类较多，用法各异，在使用中一定要注意区别。1、both ，either ，neither 都表两者
5、范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both 可用作同位语。 both 意为“两者都 “，either 表 “两者中任一个“，neither 表 “两者都不“。2、any，none ，all 表三者或三者以上范围，any 表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念，用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中) ；none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不；表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有；all 整个的；所有的( 三者或三者以上)；所有的( 不可数)。e.g.This book is a good seller，so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing/ None of us ar
6、e/is perfect / All of the village was flooded 3、no one，nobody，none ， nothing：no one，nobody 表没有人，nothing 指没有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 着眼于数量概念。“特指的人或物一个也没有，一点儿也没有 “。-How many people are there in the hall ? -None-who wants to go with him ? -No one(Nobody)-What can you see in the bottle ? -Nothing92-Is there
7、 any water in it ? -None4、another，the other，the other+复数名词(或 the others)，other (或 other +复数名词) ：another 表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一；与数词连用，表“再有“ ；the other 表两者中的另外那个，特指；the other+复数名词 (或 the others)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或 other+复数名词)另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。-I dont like this，show me another one(NMET 2000 ，16)If
8、 you want to change for a double room youll have to pay_$15Aanother Bother Cmore DEach (A)人称、物主、反身、指示代词高考重点要求1掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3掌握 it 的基本用法。一人称代词1）分清主格和宾格形式。eg：-I love you more than her，child / -You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_? A yo
9、u；me BI；you Cyou；you DI；me 2)注意约定俗成的用法。-Who is it ? -Its me -Id like to have a rest -Me ，too3）使用 we 和 you 泛指一般人4)使用 she 代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等China is a great country She has a long history5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I； we，you and they二物主代词：名词性物主代词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词 只能起定语作
10、用。三反身代词1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语； 2)单复数的确定； 3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。e.g. Im not quite myself today我今天不大舒服。/ ake yourself at home不要拘礼；请随便吧。 / Dont get nervous，help yourself to what you like别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？四指示代词（一）this ，that，these those 1在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。2this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的
11、人或物，而 that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine3this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而 that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing/ He didnt comeThat is why he didnt know4that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。 e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1
12、995( that 代替 oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany（二）such such 引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数： e.g Such is my answer/ Such are our people做定语，注意和 so 的区别，尤其是在 so that， suchthat 句型中。e.g. I have never seen 93such beautiful flowers(复数名词前， so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film(也
13、可为 so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing(不可数词前，不可用 so) / There are so many people in the hall that its hard for me to find him(在数量概念的 many，much，little，few 之前，不可用 such )练习（一） 、代 词一、强化训练：1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished severa
14、l times,_ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone C. either D. each2. After paying 1,000 dollars_ ,youll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both3._ was her cruelty that we all hated her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such4. Mary has been ill in bed for a wee
15、k. I wonder if she is _ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. very5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I dont like these. Do you have any_ ?A. one B. other C. ones D. others6. I d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither D. none7. I nee
16、d some blue ink today but there is _ at hand. A. not B. nothing C. a little D. none8. I found the very watch of mine _ I had left _ . A. where, it B. that, it C. which, one D. where,one9. I havent got time to get the tickets. Whos going to _?A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them10. -Jack certainly
17、has a high opinion of Susan. It cant be better than _of him. A. hers B. she C. that D. her11. -Shall we introduce _ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary. A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price t
18、o, if not cheaper than,_ at the other stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones13. -I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_. I prefer folk music. A. Either B. Both C.
19、 None D. Neither15. Why don t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _ in the team. A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Yes,_ articles are stolen from our supermarket. A. few B. more C. some D. none17. During the meeting a
20、young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_ brought the room to disorder. A. it B. and which C. and that D. this9418. Ive just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some19. -Do you have _ at
21、home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _ will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there21. Surely its _ with the big nose you mean, not _!A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he,
22、me22. The temperature can fall to 30. _ is,30C below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This23. -The exam was easy, wasnt it? -Yes, but I don t think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _ half. A. every B.
23、each C. another D. either25. _ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _ . A. None, something B. Some, everything C. Few, something D. Few, nothing26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Yes, Id like to try those blue _. A. one B. ones C. pair D. two27. Of all my friends _ will be able to
24、persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it. A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?-Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _ to him. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something29. I have no idea which was better, so I took _ of
25、them. A. both B. none C. all D. any30. You mustnt always do _ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything31. Im no painter, and to me, one painting is much like . A. another B. the other C. others D. one32. I didnt want either of _ hats and aske
26、d the salesman to show me_.A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither34. Thank you very much indeed. That s _ of you. A. kindest
27、 B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but Ive learned to take _ he says with a grain of salt. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than _ love her or more than she loves _?A. you, me B. I, you C
28、. you, you D. I, me95练习（二） 、代 词二、高考题选：1. Was it during the Second World War _he died? Athat B. while C. in which D. then 2. Is _necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? Aeveryone B. this C. her D. it 3Is _possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? Anow B. that C. it D. man 4His Parent
29、s wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor Aof whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose 5_leaves the room last ought to turn off the light AAnyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 6_writer is better known in China，Charcles Dickens or Mark Twain? AWhich B. What C. Either D. Whether 7-Have you seen Tom a
30、nd Mary? -I haven t seen _of them Aneither B. any C. either D. all 8Is _necessary to complete the design before National Day? Athis B. that C. it D. he 9All _is needed is a supply of oil Athe thing B. that C. what D. which 10His camera is more expensive than _ Ahers B. her C. it D. its 11I dont thin
31、k _possible to master a foreign language without much memory work Athis B. that C. its D. it 12_of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret AEach B. Any C. No one D. None 13He paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows，most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year Athese B. those C.
32、that D. which 14Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _ Atheir B. theirs C. her D. hers 15I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but _of them cameAneither B. both C. either D. none 16She heard a terrible noise，_brought her heart into her mouthAit B. which C. this D. that 17We couldnt eat in
33、a restaurant because _of us had _money on us Aall; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 18These plants are watered _ Aeach other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days 19Alice received an invitation from her boss，_came as a surprise Ait B. that C. which D. he 20Does _ma
34、tter if he cant finish the job on time? Athis B. that C. he D. it 21MrZhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _who had already taken themAthe ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22Therere so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind _to buy Awhat B. which C. how D. wh
35、ere 23Although hes wealthy，he spends _ on clothesAlittle B. few C. a little D. a few 24In the dark street，there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for helpAthat B. who C. from whom D. to whom 25_he said at the meeting astonished everybody present AWhat B. That C. The fact D. The matter26-Would y
36、ou like some wine? -Yes，just _ 96Alittle Bvery little Ca little Dlittle bit 27Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _didnt help Ahe Bwhich Cshe Dit 28-Is _here? -No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave Aanybody Bsomebody Ceverybody Dnobody 29-Is your camera like Bills and Anns? -No
37、，but its almost the same as _Aher Byours Cthem Dtheir 30The weather turned out to be very good， _was more than we could expect Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 31_is a fact that English is being accepted as an international languageAThere BThis CThat DIt 32They were very tired，but _of them would stop to take
38、a rest Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither 33I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _ Ait Bthose Cthem Done 34-When shall we meet again? -Make it _day you like; its all the same to meAone Bany Canother Dsome 35Tom felt that he knew everybodys business better than they knew it _Athemselves Bone
39、self Citself Dhimself 36I agree with most of what you said，but I dont agree with _Aeverything Banything Csomething Dnothing 37Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers，Now she would like to read_stories by writers from _ countries Asome; any Bother; some Csome; other Dother; other 38It was
40、about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was madeAthat Buntil Cbefore Dwhen 39I hate _when people talk with their mouths full Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 40Dr Black comes from either Oxford or CambridgeI cant remember _Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dhat 41Why do you want a new job _youve
41、 got such a good one already? Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhen 42It was only when I reread his poems recently _I began to appreciate their beauty Auntil Bthat Cthen Dso 43Few pleasures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot dayAsome Bany Cthat Dthose 44 If you want to change for a double-room youll have to pa
42、y _$15Aanother Bother Cmore Deach 45-Why dont we take a little break? -Didnt we just have _? Ait Bthat Cone Dthis 46It is the ability to do the job _matters not where you come from or what you areAone Bthat Cwhat Dit 47If this dictionary is not yours，_can it be? Awhat else Bwho else Cwhich elses Dwh
43、o elses 48Many people have helped with canned food，however ，the food bank needs _for the poorAmore Bmuch Cmany Dmost 49The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in Athey Bit Cone D which 50-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _? -_was in 1998 when he was in mi
44、ddle school. A. that; it B. this; this C. this; it D. that; this97语法复习十六：代 词一、强化训练：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 二、高考题选：1A 这是一个强调句式的一般疑问句。2D it 是形式主语，to 不定式是真正主语。3C 参看 2 题。4D family 与先行词 anyone 之间是所属关系。5C 在主语从句中，whoever 充当主语，指代人，相当于 anyone who。而 C 项 who 也可引导名词性从句，但它具体指“ 是谁“ 。6A 特殊疑问句中的选择，用 which。7C 前一句只提到两个人。neither，either