1、81语法复习十四：非谓语动词（三）过去分词（三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻
2、辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lo
3、st, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered 等。（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词 have 后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repai
4、red yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。（4）作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加 when, if, while, though, as 等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.（we 是该结构的逻
5、辑主语，是 give 的逻辑宾语。 ）独立主格 ：上述-ing 和过去分词的用法中，-ing 和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing 和过去分词作用的形式，则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing 或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定，如：The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注：The work having been fi
6、nished, she sat down to have a rest. 独立结构中的 being 或 having been 常可省去，如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room. 作伴随状语的独立结构常可用 with 短语来代替，如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.2、-ing 形式与过去分词的区别：（1）语态不同：-ing 形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词
7、表示被动概念。an inspiring speech 鼓舞人心的演说；the inspired audience 受鼓舞的听众。82（2）时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作，如：The changing world 正在发生的世界；the changed world已经起了变化的世界。练习、非谓语动词（三）1. There is no question of _ able to finish it himself.A. Tom was B. Toms being C. Toms be D. Tom is2. The new s
8、hopping center _ now will be put into use by the end of this year.A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built3. “Have you had supper?“ “Not yet. The meal_.“A. are being cooked B. is being cooked C. is cooked D. are cooked4. “Im glad _ you here in the hotel.“ “Its my great pleasure to have you
9、 _ us.“A. meeting, to B. to have met, with C. having met, among D. to meet, of5. Im afraid I cant make myself _ in English.A. understanding B. understand C. to be understood D. understood6. Although in a hurry, Wilson _.A. couldnt stop walking B. couldnt help the strangerC. stopped to help the stran
10、ger D. didnt answer the stranger7. Janet is easy _.A. for getting along with B. by getting along withC. to get along with D. got along with8. Dont forget _ the light when you leave.A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off9. The mother is very glad; her baby is beginning _.A. understan
11、ding what she means B. to understand that she meantC. to understand what she means D. noticing what she means ,10. I think this story is _ .A. worth being read B. worth reading C. worth to read D. worth of reading11. This scientist is a man _ praise.A. worth to B. worthy to be C. worthy of D. worth1
12、2. I dont want _ any more trouble, you see?A. there being B. it to be C. it being D. there to be13. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _.A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal14. Strictly _, it isnt worth the price you are asking.A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D.
13、spoken15. Time _, theyll come here to watch us _ football.83A. permitted, playing B. permitted, to play C. permitting, play D. permitting, to play16. The man was seen _ into the courtyard.A, stealing B. stolen C. be stealing D. had stolen17. Bob should love _ to the party tomorrow evening.A. taking
14、B. to be taken C. to take D. being taken18. Tom had no choice but _ the classroom with his classmates.A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans19. Mr. Brown said that his car neededA. to be repaired B. being repaired C. be repairing D. to repair20. The old man didnt know whether to sell the car or_
15、 .A. being kept for later use B. kept for later useC. to keep it for later use D. to be kept it for later use21. The noise of the desks _ could be heard in the next classroom.A. being opened and closed B. opened and closedC. having been opened and closed D. to be opened and closed22. I remember _ so
16、meone _ the umbrella away.A. to see, take B. having seen, to take C. to see, to take D. having seen, take23. She was noticed _ the shop.A. to enter B. enter C. having entered D. entered24. I couldnt help _ when I heard the joke.A. being laughed B. laughing C. to be laughing D. to laugh25._, she burs
17、t into tears.A. Deeply moved B. Deeply movingC. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving26. The problem requires _.A. studying with great care B. to study carefullyC. to be studied without carelessness D. taking great care of studying it27. _ carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there.
18、.A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing28. He would rather _ his parents with their housework than _ out to play games.A. to help, to go B. help, go C. help, to go D. to help, go29. The boy had his leg _ while _ football.A. broken, playing B. break, play C. broken, played D. broke, was playin
19、g30. Having finished the work,_. A. it was almost six oclockB. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some lettersC. supper had been already prepared D. we had a rest and then had supper8431. He is ill. He has kept_.A. coughing all along B. to cough at nightC. cough since yesterday D. be
20、ing coughed day and night32. It is no use _ without _.A. to talk, doing B. taking, being doneC. talking, doing D. being talked, being to do33. “I usually go there by boat.“ “Why not _ by train for a change?“A. try going B. to try going C. trying to go D. to try and go34._, she felt quite shy at the
21、party.A. As she a stranger B. Being a strangerC. According to a stranger D. She like a stranger35. Every morning he gets up early and practises _ and then _ to school.A. to read English, go B. reading English, goingC. reading English, goes D. of reading English, goes36. While _ football on tin playg
22、round, I found my keys _.A. playing, lost , B. play, losing C. played, being lost D. having played, lost37. _ the same mistakes again made his parents very angry.A. His having made B. He has made C. He had making D. Him making38. Dick made it _ to all his friends.A. to know B. known C. know D. knowi
23、ng39. Anna spends one hour a day _ spoken English.A. practise B. to practise C. on practising D. in practising40. No one was surprised at _ the examination.A. he passing B. his pass C. him pass D. his passing41. Although swimming is his favourite sport, yet he doesnt like _ today.A. to swim B. swimm
24、ing C. swim D. to have swim42. She sat at the desk and set about _ a letter to her friend.A. to write B. writing C. write D. written43. This soup is cold; it needs _.A. to heat B. to be heated C. being hot D. heated44. I went _a balloon but I didnt see anyone _ balloons.A. to buy, to sell B. to buy,
25、 selling C. buying, selling D. buying, to sell45. Anna is often heard _songs in her room. A. sung B. singing C. sing D. to sing46. The more you practise _ English, the better your _ English will be.A. to speak, speaking B. speaking, spoken C. spoken, spoken D. spoken, speaking85语法复习十四：非谓语动词（三）过去分词15 BCBBD 610 CCBCB 1115 CDCBC 1620 ABAAC 2125 ADABA 2630 ADBAD 3135 ACABC 3640 AABDD 4146 ABBBDB