1、Unit 15 Learning,基础知识提要,核心单词 根据提示写出英语单词或汉语意思。 1._ 5ArEun.箭 2._ 5CksidVEn n.氧气 3._ Cksn.公牛 4._ si5kjuEadj.安全的，坚固的 5._ sEs5pektvt.怀疑 6._ WrEutn.咽喉 7._ tFi:fadj.最高级别的，主要的 8._ 5seiiNn.格言，谚语 9._ 5pEustidV n.邮资 10._ 5berivt.埋葬 11._ E5sainmEntn.作业，任务,arrow,oxygen,ox,secure,suspect,throat,chief,saying,posta
2、ge,bury,assignment,12._ aut5stAndiN adj.杰出的的 13._ 7repju(:)5teiFEn n.名誉 14._ slaitadj.少量的，轻微的 15._ E5beivt.服从，听从 16._ 5AtEm n.原子 17._ lAkvt.缺少，缺乏 18._ drA vt.拖，拉 19._ rANk n.职衔 20._ ri5lidVEn n.宗教 21._ i5nC:vt.忽视，不顾 22._ E:dV vt.力劝，强烈要求 23._ 5kiNdEmn.王国,outstanding,reputation,slight,obey,atom,lack,d
3、rag,rank,religion,ignore,urge,kingdom,24._ 9sIvIlaIzeIFLnn.文明 25._ 5vaitl adj.极其重要的 26. blank _ 27. swell _ 28. alphabet _ 29. conservative _ 30. triangle _ 31. flame _ 32. onion _,civilization,vital,空白的,膨胀，肿胀,字母表,保守的，旧式的,三角形,火焰,洋葱,33. worthwhile _ 34. acquire _ 35. facility _ 36. biochemistry _ 37.
4、 choir _ 38. drill _ 39. status _ 40. backwards _,值得努力的，值得的,获得，得到,设施，设备,生物化学,唱诗班,训练,现状，社会地位,由后往前地,词类转换 按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。 simple (adj.) _ (vt.) 简化 类似：pure_ (vt.) 提纯，净化 2. willing (adj.) _ (adj.)不愿意的 类似：known _ (adj.) 不知道的 3. punish (vt.) _ (n.)惩罚, 处罚 类似：assess_ (n.) 评估 4. receive (vt.) _ (n.)接收者 类似：pre
5、sent_ (n.) 陈述者，呈献者 5. worth (n.)_ (adj.) 值得的 类似：weight _ (adj.) 重的，有份量的,simplify,purify,unwilling,unknown,punishment,assessment,receiver,presenter,worthy,weighty,6. benefit (n.)_ (adj.) 有益的 类似：face_ (adj.)脸的，脸部的 7. defend (v.) _ (n.) 防御，保卫 类似：respond _ (n.) 反应，回答 8. appreciate (vt.)_ (n.) 鉴赏, 感激 类似：
6、inspire_ (n.)鼓舞, 灵感select_ (n.)选择, 选集 assume _ (n.)假定, 假设reflect_ (n.)反射，反映 instruct _ (n.)教导，指导 correct_ (n.)改正，改进 collect_ (n.)收集，收藏,beneficial,facial,defense,response,appreciation,inspiration,selection,assumption,reflection,instruction,correction,collection,重要词组 1. _坦率讲 2. _下岗 3. _好像，仿佛 4. _梦想 5.
7、 _对极重要 6. _恶作剧，作弄 7. _上涨，上升 8. _因而自豪 9. _对贡献，有助于 10._即使；纵然 11. _在某种程度上 12. _赶上,Frankly speaking,lay off (sb)/ (sb) be laid off,as if/as though,dream of,be vital to,play tricks on sb.,go up,be proud of,contribute to,even though,to a certain extent,catch up with,13. _落后 14. _相聚，聚会 15. _复习 16. _推迟，拖延 1
8、7. _从事，占据(时间，空间) 18. _加起来共计 19. _出发; 引爆 20. _在缺少信心 21. _渴望做 22. _把变成 23. _把送进监狱 24. _违背，违反 25. _静静站着,fall behind,get together,go over,put off,take up,add up to,set off,lack confidence in,be eager to do,turninto,put sb. in prison,go against,stand still,26. _place importance to 27. _acquire/gain knowl
9、edge 28. _to start with 29. _be accustomed to 30. _put forward 31. _have/get access to 32. _in good mood 33. _participate in 34. _hand out 35. _due to 36. _aside from,把重点放在,获取知识,首先，第一,习惯于,建议，提出(计划等),接近,心情好,参与，参加,分发，分配,因为，由于,除之外(还),37. _switch off 38. _life-long learning 39. _get promoted 40. _distan
10、ce learning 41. _search for 42._bring a lump to ones throat 43. _be related to 44. _ones mind goes blank 45. _approve of 46. _come to ones defence,关闭,终生学习,得到晋升,远程学习,寻找，搜索,如哽在喉,与有关,大脑一片空白,赞成，赞许,保护某人，捍卫某人,重要考点突破,1. suspect vt. 怀疑 搭配：写出下列词组或句子的汉语意思。 (1) suspect ones words _ (2) suspect him to be a liar
11、_ (3) suspect him of giving false information _ (4) I suspected that he was a spy. _ 辨析: doubt & suspect (vt. 怀疑) (1)如果后面接名词、代词或名词性词组时，两者可通用。 I doubt/suspect the truth of her statement.我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。 He says he can cure me, but I still doubt/suspect him. 他说他能治好我的病，但我仍对他不放心。,怀疑他的话,怀疑他是个说谎的人,怀疑他提供假情报
12、,我认为他个间谍。,(2)如果后面接宾语从句，意思就截然不同。 suspect 只能后面接that宾语从句。 The doctor suspected that he was ill with flu. 医生怀疑 / 认为他得了流感。 doubt 用于肯定句中时，多接 whether/if 引导的从句，意为“不敢肯定(feel uncertain about)”(但suspect 不可接这种从句)；doubt后接that从句时更多用于否定句或疑问句中。 I I doubt whether/if hell come. 我不敢肯定他来不来。 I dont doubt that he is righ
13、t.我确信他是对的。 Why did she doubt that they were cheats？她为什么怀疑他们是骗子？,运用：用doubt 与 suspect的适当形式填空。 (1) Mary has been told by her boss to finish two reporters within 24 hours. I _ if she can finish the work in time. (2) My neighbour was arrested this morning because the police _ him of carrying out two bomb
14、 attack. (3) People never _ his sincerity as a public servants(人民公仆); for he had long devoted himself to the struggle for the independence of his nation. (4) 英汉中：Dont employ someone you suspect, nor suspect someone you employ. _,doubt,suspected,doubted/suspected,疑人不用，用人不疑,2. lack v.& n. 缺乏，没有 搭配：注意下
15、列搭配中介词的不同。 (1)lack sth. 缺乏某物 (lack作vt.) (2)lack of sth 缺乏某物 (lack作n.) (3)be lacking in缺乏(某种品质、特点等)，不够 (vi) (4)lack for 缺(vi.否定式，无被动语态) 运用：补全下列句子。 (1)他对自己缺乏自信。 He _ in himself. (2) 他所缺少的是毅力。_ is perseverance. (3)他缺乏勇气。He is _ courage. (4)由于时间不够，我们只能做到这样。 Owing to _, we cannot do more than what we hav
16、e done. (5)她不缺少朋友。She does not _ friends.,lacks confidence,What you lack,lacking in,lack of time,is lacking,3. access n. 通道；接近，靠近 提醒：后面通常跟to连用。 搭配：写出下列短语的汉语意思。 (1)have (get/gain) access to _ (2) require quick and convenient access to information _ (3) a man of easy/difficult access _ (4) within easy
17、 access _,有使用(进入/接近)的机会或权利,要求迅速、方便地获得信息,一个很好/很难接近的人,(某地)很容易前往,运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)到那座古老城堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。 The only_ that ancient castle is along a muddy track. (2) 市民可以自由使用图书馆。 Citizens may _ the library.,access to,have free access to,4. worthy adj.值得的, 有价值的；值得尊敬的, 应受到赏识的 用法：worthy 可以用作表语或定语。主要搭配有： (1)(be)
18、worthy of+名词 值得 (2)(be) worthy of being done =(be) worthy to be done = (be) worth doing值得做某事 联想： worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的，值得出力的”，常用于It is worthwhile doing/be worthwhile to do句型，用主动形式。,运用：以多种句式翻译下列句子。 这种行为值得表扬。 (1)This behaviour is worthy _ praise. (2)This behaviour is worthy of being _. (3)This behavi
19、our is worthy to _. (4)This behaviour is _ praising. (5)This is a behaviour _ of praise. (6)This is a behaviour _ praising. (7)It is worthwhile _ this behaviour.,of,praised,be praised,worth,worthy,worth,to praise/praising,5. urge vt. 催促，力劝，强烈要求 n. 迫切要求，强烈欲望 搭配：翻译下面搭配。 (1)urge sb. to do sth_ (2)urge
20、that sb (should) do _ (3)urge sb into action_ (4)feel an urge to save the situation _ (5)have the urge to learn English _ (6)resist the urge to know the secret _ (7)satisfy an urge_,劝某人做某事,劝某人做某事,敦促某人采取行动,怀有挽救局势的强烈的愿望,有学习英语的迫切要求,克制想知道这个秘密的强烈愿望,满足欲望,提示：在动词urge，desire, suggest, propose, insist, advise
21、, order, demand, require, request, ask, note等表“建议，要求，命令”等意思时，后面的that从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词要“should +动词原形”，should也可以省略。 拓展: _ adj.急迫的，紧要的 运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)他们呼吁群众冷静。_ _ (2)他突然有一种想写小说的强烈愿望。 _,urgent,They urged the public,to cool down./They urged that the public(should) cool down.,He felt a sudden urge to write a n
22、ovel.,6. vital adj. 极其重要的 搭配：写出下列短语的汉语意思。 (1)be vital to _ (2)a vital problem _ (3)a vital decision _ 联想: vital 用作表语时，接主语从句要用虚拟语气，即： It is vital that主语(should)动词原形。 类似用法的形容词还有很多，主要是表示“令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的”等意思：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, impera
23、tive, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, surprising, urgent, unusual等。,对极其重要,生死攸关的问题,一个极其重要的决定,运用：补全下列句子。 (1)我们必须快速离开。 It is vital that _ quickly. (2)心脏是维持生命必须的器官。 The heart is _. (3)法律和秩序对一个国家很重要。 Law and order _. (4)质量是企业的生命。 _ an enterprise.,we (should) leave,a vi
24、tal organ,is vital to a country,Quality is vital to,重要词组 1. frankly speaking 坦白地说 Frankly speaking, it is difficult for me to make out what he is saying. 坦率地说，理解他正在说的事情是很困难的。 Frankly speaking, he is not so bad as you might think. 坦白讲，他没有你想象中的坏。 拓展: 部分非谓语结构作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，经常用作插入语，是书面表达中常用的关联词。请补全英
25、语或翻译成汉语： (1)_ speaking 一般说来 (2)_ speaking 个人来说 (3)_ speaking 严格地说 (4)_ speaking 精确地说(=to be exact),generally,personally,strictly,exactly,(5)_ speaking 诚实地说(=to be honest) (6)judging from _ (7)talking of _ (8)taking all things into consideration_ (9)to put it simply _ (10)to sum up _ (11)to make thin
26、gs worse _ (12)to begin with/to start off _ (13)to tell you the truth _ 运用：用不同的搭配翻译下面的句子。 (1)一般来说，狗比猪跑得快。 _, dogs can run faster than pigs. (2) 坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。 _, Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being,honestly,从/根据判断,谈起来,全面看来,简单地说(=simply speaking),总之,更糟糕的是,首先,和你说实话吧,Gene
27、rally speaking,Frankly speaking,2. set off vi. 起程; vt. 引发，引燃(火箭，炸弹等)set sb. off doing 使某人做某事 搭配：补全下面的句子。 (1)If you want to catch that train wed better _ the station immediately.你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们就最好马上动身去火车站。 (2)Dont_ politics or hell go on all evening.可别让他谈起政治来, 要不然他一谈就得一个晚上。 (3)The man _ in a ditch. 那人把
28、炸弹放在沟里引爆了。,set the bomb off,set off for,set him off talking,拓展: 完成翻译set 的常用短语。 (1)set _ (= set off)出发，动身(去某地) (2)set _ to do开始，着手(做某事) (3)set _ 建立，创立 (4)set _写下，记下，放下 (5)set sb free _ (6)set sail _ (7)set about doing something _ (8)set an example to sb=(set sb an example) _,out,out,up,down,释放,扬帆起航,着
29、手(做某事),为某人树立了模样,运用：用set 短语完成句子。 (12) Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city . (13) The Chinese team held a meeting for a whole day before _ Barcelona for the Olympic Games.,set about,setting off for,3. be accustomed to 习惯于 用法: to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或动词的ing
30、形式，其意义与be used to 一样，只不过be accustomed to 是书面语，be used to 是口头语。 运用：请用该词组翻译下列句子。 (1)我不习惯被人打断说话。 I _being interrupted. (2) 他对孤独已经习以为常。 He_ . (3) 我习惯于长距离步行。 I_. 联想:(A)请补全to 是介词的词组。 (1) be _ to 等于(2 )be _ to 沉溺于 (3) be _ to 反对(4) be_ to与有关,am not accustomed/used to,is accustomed to loneliness,am accustom
31、ed to walking long distances,equal,addicted,opposed,related,(5) _ to 导致(6) _ to指，涉及，参考 (7) _ to 反对 (8) _ to 坚持 (9) _ forward to 盼望 (10) _ oneself to 献身于 (11) _ down to 着手做 (12) _rise to 引起 (13) _ attention to 注意 (14) _ ones mind to 全神贯注于 (B)请补全to 是不定式符号的短语。 (15) _ to 应该 (16) _ to 不得不 (17) _ to (过去)常
32、 (18)be _ to 正要, 正准备 (19)would _ to 想要(20)be_ to 能够,lead,refer,object,stick,devote,look,get,give,pay,put,ought,have,used,about,able,like,4. approve of 赞成，赞许，同意 用法: 因approve是vi.，接宾语时须用of。 运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 (1)你赞成吉尔的新发型吗？ Do you _? (2)我们对你的工作很满意。 _ (3)我同意你去挣一些钱, 可是请不要误了功课。 I _ your trying to earn some
33、money, but please dont neglect your studies. (4)我的父母不准许我吸烟。 My parents_,approve of Jills new hairstyle,We approve of your job.,approve of,dont approve of me smoking cigarettes,联想:以下动词也是及物动词，接宾语时须用介词。请根据汉语意思，在每个动词后补上恰当的介词。 (1)look _看 (2)listen_听 (3)depend_依靠 (4)rely_依赖 (5)reply_回答 (6)respond_回应 (7)be
34、long_属于 (8)agree_同意(某人) (9)consist_包含 (10)drop in_顺便拜访(某处),at,to,on/upon,on/upon,to,to,to,with,of,at,5. add up to合计，总数为；总起来就意味着 理解: 将下列句子译成中文。 (1) The expenses add up to 3,500 yuan. _ (2) His evidence really adds up to this: he didnt murder the man. _ 拓展: 默写add为中心词的短语 (1) _增加，增添 (2) _把加入 (3) _把加起来,支
35、出总数达3500元。,他的证据实际上意味着:他没有谋杀那个人。,add to,addto,add up,运用：用add短语填空 (1)Her sons death _ the old ladys sadness. (2)Would you please _ a few notes _ the article? (3)The various building programs _ several thousand new homes. (4) His being present _ my tension in speaking to such a big crowd. (5)The total
36、figures _ 270. (6)Three _ five makes eight. (7) Now try to _ these figures.,added to,add,to,add up to,added to,add up to,added to,add up,6. get promoted 得到提升 运用1：用该短语翻译下列句子。 (1)这是我晋升的好机会。 _ (2)他因缺乏果断力而未能得到提升。 He failed _for_ resolution. (3)他将得到提升，因为他工作干得好。 _ 说明: 和“be + 过去分词”一样，“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系
37、表结构，用于被动结构时，它强调动作的发生；用于系表结构时，它强调状态的变化。 联想: 翻译下面短语。 (1)get punished _(2)get killed_,This is my good chance to get promoted.,He will get promoted, for he has done good work.,to get promoted lack of,受到惩罚,被杀,(3)get hurt _ (4)get invited _ (5)get started _ (6)get admitted _ (7)get married _(8)get undress
38、ed _ (9)get changed _(10)get shaved _ (11)get annoyed _ (12)get excited _ 运用2：用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1)Did your letter get _(answer)? (2) They got _(trap) in the fire and were killed. (3) His car got _(damage) in a road accident? (4)The dog got _(run) over by the car. (5)Cleaning women in big cities usually get _(pay) by the hour.,