1、,Unit14 Careers,基础知识提要,核心单词,1. _ n .奖赏 2. _ vt.收费，要价; n.负责 3. _ n. 收入 4. _ n 题目，话题 5. _ vi.争吵，吵架 6. _ n 请教，查阅 7. _ adj.陡峭的，险峻的 8. _ n智慧 9. _ adj.低级的 10. _ vt.战胜，克服,根据提示写出英语单词或汉语意思。,reward,charge,income,topic,quarrel,consult,steep,wisdom,junior,overcome,11. _ vt.理解，领会；抓紧 12. _ n. 舞台，阶段，时期 13. _ vt.犹豫
2、，踌躇 14. _ n.分支，部门 15. _ vt.羡慕，妒忌 16. _ vt. 打扰，烦扰 17. _ n. 人类 18. _ n.光荣，荣誉 19. _ n.薪金，工资 20. _ n.机构；学院 21. _ n.片刻，瞬息 22. _ n 错误 23. _ n. 援助，帮助 24. _ n. 木匠 25. _ n. 资料，数据,grasp,stage,hesitate,branch,envy,bother,human,glory,wage,institude,instant,error,aid,carpenter,data,26. bonus _ 27. pump _ 28. par
3、agraph _ 29. liquid _ 30. chart _ 31. nursery _ 32. collar _ 33. frost _ 34. cattle_ 35. universe _ 36. commit_ 37. bend _ 38. dynamic _,额外津贴，奖金,泵，抽水机,段落,液体,表格，图表,托儿所，保育室,衣领,霜,牛,宇宙,投入,弯腰，倾身,精力充沛的,39. feather_ 40. multiply_ 41. beneath_ 42. flexible _ 43. continent _ 44. slave_ 45. booming _ 46. pani
4、c_ 47. resume _ 48. grain _ 49. enclosed_ 50. twist_,羽毛,乘；大量增加,在底下,柔韧的，灵活的,大陆，洲,奴隶,迅速增长的，迅速发展的,恐慌，惊恐,简历；个人履历,谷物，谷粒,随信附上,旋转，转动,1. chemistry (n.) _ (n.) 化学家；药剂师 类似： reception_ (n.) 接待员 2. insure (vt.) _ (n.) 保险 类似： guide_ (n.)指导 3. appoint (vt.) _ (n.) 约见，约会 类似： judge_ (n.) 判断，判断力 4. mud (n.) _ (adj.)
5、 泥泞的 类似： frost_ (adj.) 结霜的;有霜的 5. assist (vt.)_ (n.) 助手, 助理; 店员 类似： consult_ (n.) 顾问 6. exist (vt.)_ (n.) 存在 类似： differ_ (n.) 多样化，变化,词类转换,按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。,chemist,receptionist,guidance,insurance,appoinment,judgment,muddy,frosty,assistant,consultant,existence,difference,7. legal (adj.)_ (adj.)非法的 类似：
6、logical_ (adj.) 不合逻辑的; 8. divide(vt.) _ (n.) 部门；分割 类似： decide_ (n.) 决定 9. constant (adj.)_ (adv.) 不断地 类似： instant_ (adv.) 立刻地，即刻地 10. child (n.) _ (n.) 童年，儿童时代 类似： neighbor_ (n.) 附近;街坊 11. wise (adj) _ (n.) 智慧 类似： free_ (n.) 自由的 12. comfort (n.&vt) _(adj.) 舒服的 类似： reason_ (adj.) 合情合理的,illegal,illogi
7、cal,division,decision,constantly,instantly,childhood,neighborhood,wisdom,freedom,comfortable,reasonable,1. _为某人树立榜样 2. _控制 3. _出现，到达 4. _编造 5. _取得成功；还清债务 6. _跟上，赶上 7. _解决，算出，估计出 8. _取代，代替 9. _而不是 10. _首先，更重要的是 11. _万一 12. _由于 13. _此外，而且 14. _留下，将拉在后面 15._ 大声说出,set an example to,take charge of,turn u
8、p,make up,pay off,keep up with,work out,instead of,rather than,above all,in case,due to,in addition,leave behind,speak up,16._ give aid to 17._ run across 18._ be stuck in 19._ offer to 20._ send off 21._ at all times 22._ make out 23._ take a deep breath 24._ respond to 25._ apply for 26._ go into
9、27._ be on ones feet 28. _ dream of 29._ as long as 30._go into,帮助，援助,偶然碰到,陷入,愿意、有意做某事,寄出,一直，始终,假装；理解,做深呼吸,对某事作出反应,申请,讨论，细谈,站立,梦想,只要,仔细检查，了解,重要考点突破,1. wage 工资 辨析：wage, salary, pay, income (1)wage 一般指工人或服务人员等体力劳动者的工资，工钱，通常按时计算，分周发放。 (2)salary 一般指机关单位官员，职员和管理人员的薪金，一般按年计算，分月或半月发给。 (3)pay 指不论工作性质如何，针对劳动
10、所支付的报酬，它包含salary和wage（s），为不可数名词，可译为“工资，薪饷”。 (4)income 意为“收入，收益”，通常指一个人收入所得的钱，不仅限于工资，也可指一个国家的收入。 运用1：用上述单词完成句子。 (1)解放前，祖父的工资几乎不能养家糊口。 Before liberation, Grandpas _ could hardly support the family,wages,(2)他以微薄的薪水在一所科技大学教物理。 He is teaching physics in a technical college at a small _ (3)为什么不加入我们呢？你不会为军
11、衔和薪饷而忧虑。 Why not join us? You wont have to worry about rank or _ (4)他每周有200美元收入。 He has an _ of $200 a week 运用2：用wage, salary, pay, income填空 (1)His average_ are ￥ 250 a week. (2) The average _is $39,000 a year. (3)Tax is payable on all _ over 2000. (4)Whats the_ like in your job?,salary,pay,income,w
12、ages,salary,income,pay,2. charge vt.控告，指控 vt. 要价n. 控告；费用；负责 搭配：填入恰当的词完成下列词组。 (1)charge sb _ sth控告某人犯某罪 (2)charge (sb) _sth为某事收(某人的)费用 (3)free_ charge免费 (4) in charge _sth负责 (5)in_ charge of sb由某人负责(=in sb.s charge) (6) _ charge of接管，控制 运用：用上述短语完成下列句子。 (1)他被控告犯有谋杀罪。 He was_ murder. (2)只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送
13、货费。 As long as youve paid in advance we wont _ you _ delivery.,with,for,of,of,the,take,charged for,charge,for,(3)一切物品免费送货。 All goods are delivered _. (4) 修鞋要多少钱? How much do you _ mending shoes? (5)经理不在时, 他负责这个商店。 He was left_ the shop while the manager was away (6)自他主管这所学校以来，还从未出过问题。 Nothing has ev
14、er gone amiss since he _ the school.,free of charge,charge for,in charge of,took charge of,3. offer vt.提供，愿意，开价 n.提议，提供，要价 搭配：熟记下列搭配。 (1)offer sb sth=offer sth. to sb.提供某人某物(接双宾语) (2)offer to do sth愿意或主动提出做某事 运用：用offer 翻译句子。 (1)你能提供工作给我吗？ Can you _ _ a job? (2)他们表示愿意帮助我。 They _ me. (3)谢谢你提供的帮助。 Than
15、k you for _ of help. (4)他把座位让给了我。 He _ his seat _me,offer me,offered to help,your offer,offered,to,4. quarrel vi.& n.争吵，吵架 搭配：用适当的介词填空。 (1)quarrel with sb _ sth =have a quarrel with sb _ sth和某人争吵某事 (2)quarrel _sth.反对，对某事不满 运用：用quarrel翻译句子。 (1)我和我的室友就谁做家务问题吵了一架。 I _ my flat-mate _ who should do the h
16、ousework. (2)他反对我对于电视会引起暴力事件的看法。 He _my suggestion that television caused violence.,about/over,about/over,with,quarreled with,about,quarrelled with,5. chart n. 图表，海图 As is suggested in the above chart, with the sharp rise in the private ownership of houses, the state ownership of houses has dramatic
17、ally dropped in a passage of a decade.以上图表表明，在这十年中，随着私有房的迅速增加，公房也急剧下降了。 辨析：chart, table, graph (1)chart泛指包涵一定信息或说明一定问题的图形或表格。 (2)table 特指表格。 (3)graph 多指反映某种事物变化或两种事物对比的曲线图。 运用：把下列短语和句子翻译成汉语。 (1)a weather chart _ (2)the plane time table _ (3)the rising graph of crime statistics _,气象图,飞机时刻表,罪案统计数字上升的曲
18、线图,(4)According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, reaching 80,000,000 people in 2002. _ _ (5)As is shown by the graph, the number of the population of the country has increased rapidly in the past five years. _,根据表格中所给的统计数字，最近5年来旅游者的人数大大 增加，2002年达到80,000
19、,000人。,正如曲线图所示，在过去的5年里该国人口飞速增长。,6. commit vt. 犯(罪，错)，托付，承诺，投入 搭配：说出下列短语的汉语意思。 (1)commit a mistake _ (2)commit a crime_ (3)commit suicide_ (4)commit oneself to _ (5)commit acts of terrorism _ (6)commit him to ten years imprisonment_ (7)a committed teacher_ 运用：根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 (1)他怎么这么笨，居然犯这种错误。 He is so
20、 silly to have _. (2) 政府已经致力于改善健康教育。 The government_ improving health education.,犯错误,犯罪,自杀,致力于，承诺,进行恐怖主义活动,判处他十年徒刑,一个尽职的老师,committed such an error,has committed itself to,7. hesitate vi.& vt. 犹豫，踌躇，不愿意(be unwilling) 提示：hesitate 后接动词做宾语时，只能用不定式。另外，后面可接about, at, over等介词短语。 She hesitated to hurt the c
21、hilds feelings.她不想伤害孩子的感情。 I hesitated about taking his side until I knew the whole story.我在完全了解事实真相后，才打消顾虑，支持他的立场。 联想:不能接动词-ing形式做宾语的动词还有：decide, determine, manage, learn, promise, plan, offer, pretend, agree, refuse, hope, wish, long, expect, desire, fail等。 拓展: hesitation n.犹豫,运用：根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 (1)
22、他仍然对是否加入考察队拿不定主意。 Hes still_ the expedition. (2)没有犹豫的余地了。 Theres no room for_. (3)你有问题告诉我。 Dont _ tell us if you have a problem. (4)对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。 _ that. Do it at once. (5)我不愿把这么多钱花在穿衣服上。 I _ so much money on clothes. (6)别犹豫不决，否则会错失良机。 _ , or you will lose the fortune.,hesitated about joining,h
23、esitation,hesitate to,Dont hesitate about,hesitate to spend,Dont hesitate,8. decrease v. & n. 减少，降低 They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.他们正尽力减少生产成本。 There has been a decrease in our imports.我们的进口减少了。 搭配: 填入适当的介词。 (1)decrease _ 减少了 (2)decrease _ 减少到 (3)a decrease _ population
24、人口减少 联想：decrease的反义词是_ 运用：根据汉语意思完成下列句子。 (1)学生的人数已经减少到500人。 Student numbers _500.,by,to,in,increase,have decreased to,(2)去年的平均房价下降了13。 Average house prices _last year. (3)到2000年，国有住房的比例已由1975年的75%下降到20%，而私有住房却从1975年的25%增长到80%。 The proportions of the state-owned houses _75% in 1975 to 20% in 2000, _ t
25、he proportions of the private houses _ 25% in 1975 to 80% in 2000.,decreased by 13%,decreased from,while,increased from,9. operate vi.工作，运转(work)，动手术(常接on ) vt.经营，管理，操作(manage，run) 运用：完成下列句子。 (1)这台机器日夜运转。 This machine _. (2)纽约的公司经营着世界上47家工厂。 The company in New York _ all over the world. (3)据说医生昨天给那位
26、受伤的人做了手术。 It was said that the doctor _ the injured man yesterday. (4)电梯有些失灵了。 The lift was not_ properly.,operates night and day,operates 47 factories,operated on,operating,1. turn up vi.出现，到达，(未寻)被找到，(好事)突然发生 vt调大(音量)，(搜寻后)发现(find) 理解：说出下列句中turn up的意思。 (1)Several old friends turned up at the reuni
27、on.(2)I cant hear the radio very well; could you turn it up a bit?(3)Im sure your missing watch will turn up one of these days.(4)The police have turned up a lot of new information about the wanted man (通缉犯).(5)Something unexpected has turned up.,出现(=arrive, appear),开大(音量),被找到(=be found),发现(=find by
28、 searching),突然发生(happen),2. turn over 翻转，考虑(think about carefully)，移交 She turned over the problem in her mind.她仔细考虑了这个问题。 He turned the business over to his daughter.他把生意交给女儿管理。 If you turn over the watch, you will see the words, “Made in China”.如果你把手表翻过来，你就会看到“中国制造”的字样。 They decided to give him a l
29、ast opportunity to turn over a new leaf.他们决定给他最后一次机会，让他重新作人。(turn over a new leaf改过自新) 拓展：填入适当的介词、副词或动词。 (1)turn _证明是，结果为 (2)turn _打开，旋开(电灯等) (3)turn _关掉(水源、电源等) (4)turn _出现，到达，调高(音量) (5)turn _关小，调低，拒绝 (6)turn _进入，变成，使成为,out,on,off,up,down,into,(7)turn _上交，上缴 (8)turn _求助于，着手，查阅 (9)turn _ (使)折回，(使)往回
30、走 (10) turn_转身 (11) _ turns轮流，交替 (12) _ turn依次，轮流，转而，反过来(as a result of) (13) _ turns依次，轮流(doone after the other) 运用：用turn 短语完成句子。 (1)Lets not wait any longer, he might not _ at all. (2)The French pianist who had been praised very highly _ to be a great disappointment. (3)Faced with all the difficul
31、ties, the girl _ her mother for comfort. (4)You should _your paper in three days. (5)I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than _ my parents.,in,to,back,around/round,by,in,take,turn up,turned out,turned to,turn in,turned to,3. make up编造，组成，化妆，和解make out 辩认出，理解，填写，开出 理解：指出各句中划线部分的意思。 (1)Farm wor
32、kers make up only a small section of the population.(2)The student made up an excuse for his being late.(3)The girl made up her face carefully before going to meet James . (4)They had an argument, but they have already made up.(5)To this day I still cant make out why they did so. (6)His handwriting
33、is so bad that I can hardly make it out.(7)The teacher made out the report cards and gave them to the students to take home.,占，组成,编造借口,打扮，化妆,理解,已经和解,看不清楚，辨认不清,填写成绩单,拓展：翻译下短语。 (1)make up for _ (2)make up ones mind_ (3)be made up of _ 运用：用含make up的短语填空。 (1) The medical team _ twelve doctors. (2) In Br
34、itain today women _ 44% of the work force, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work (3) Hard work can often _ lack of intelligence. (4) I have _， and nothing you say will change it.,补偿，弥补,下定决心，打定主意，决定,由组成,is made up of,make up,make up for,made up my mind,4. pay off 还清；结清工资解雇(某人)；成功
35、(be successful) Our plan certainly paid off; it was a great idea.我们的计划当然成功了，那是个很好的主意。 After all these years, weve at last paid off all our debts. 经过这么多年，我们总算把债还清了。 His work was most unsatisfactory, so we paid him off at the end of the week. 他的工作非常差劲，因此我们在周末给他算清工资后就把他解雇了。 拓展：用介词或副词填空。 (1)pay _为付款/付出代
36、价 (2)pay _偿还，回报 (3)pay _ (为货物或劳务)付出大笔款项 (4)pay _ (不情愿或迟迟地)还清(债款),for,back,out,up,运用：完成下列句子。 (1)为了那辆汽车我花了不少钱。 I _ a lot of money for that car. (2)你的计划成功了吗？ Did your plan _? (3)你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢? How can I _ you _ for all your kindness? (4)他将为自己所做的一切付出代价。 Hell have to _what he has done.,paid out,pay off,p
37、ay back,pay for,5. keep up with 跟上，赶上 Slow down, I cant keep up with you. 慢点，我跟不上你了。 拓展：keep up with= catch up with跟上，赶上 运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)我认为跟上时代是很重要的。 _ (2)要想赶上其他同学, 我得特别努力才行。 _,I think it important that we keep/catch up with the times.,I have to work hard to catch/keep up with the other students.,6.
38、in case 万一，如果(conj.)in case of 以防，万一in the case of就来说, 关于 运用：用上述短语填空。 (1) _ fire, open this safety door. (2)Take your coat _it should rain. (3) _ _ woman，they have more difficulty in their job. (4)Take a hat with you _ the sun is very hot. 拓展：指出句中划线部分的意思。 (1)In no case should you forget your task. (
39、2)You have finished, havent you? In that case, you may have a rest.,In case of,in case,In the case of,in case,in no case决不,in that case 如果那样的话,7. rather than 与其(不如)，不是(而是)，而不(but not) It was what he meant rather than what he said.与其说这是他的话，不如说这是他的意思。 She telephoned rather than wrote.她打了电话，而没有写信。 He loves her rather than likes her.他不是喜欢她，而是爱她。 注意：若后接名词、代词、动名词等时，rather than与instead of相当。 运用：完成下列句子。 (1)我与其说是疲惫不如说是厌倦。 I am bored _. (2)该受责备的是我，而不是他。 I, _, am to blame. (3)他跑着，而不是走着。 He ran _. (4)我宁愿吃牛肉也不愿吃羊肉。 I prefer beef_.,