1、Unit 12 Culture shock,基础知识提要,核心单词,根据提示写出英语单词或汉语意思。,1._ adj. 给消费 2. _ adj. 短暂的 3. _ vt. 道歉 4. _ vt. 吸收 5. _ n. 期待的事情, 预期 6. _ n. 腌猪肉, 熏猪肉 7. _ adj. 美味的 8. _ vt. 兑换, 交换 9. _ n. 支票,tipping,brief,apologize,absorb,expectation,bacon,tasty,exchange,cheque,10. _ adj. 多雾的 11. _ adj. 合理的, 正当的 12. _ n. 烤面包;祝酒,
2、干杯 13. _ n. (餐厅)服务员 14. _ n. (餐厅)女服务员 15. _ (vi.) 漫游,闲逛 16. _ vt预约, 预订 17. _ n.大半, 大多数 18. _ vt. 欠(债),foggy,reasonable,toast,waiter,waitress,wander,book,majority,owe,19. steak _ 20. roast _ 21. soccer _ 22. laughter _ 23. northeast _ 24. physician _ 25. modest _ 26. indicate _ 27. curiously _ 28. bi
3、rthplace_ 29. attach_,肉排，鱼排,烤，烘,(英式)足球,笑，笑声,东北，东北方,内科医生,谦虚的,适度的,指示，表示,好奇地,出生地,系，固定,30. cautious_ 31. whisper_ 32. yummy_ 33. detective_ 34. educator_ 35. erupt_ 36. minority_ 37. outdoors_ 38. literature_ 39. garlic_ 40.scissors_,小心翼翼的, 谨慎的,低语，耳语,美味的,侦探,教育者,爆发,喷发,少数，少数民族,在户外，在野外,文学,蒜,大蒜,剪刀,arrive (v
4、i.) _ (n) 到达 类似： approve (n.)_ (adj.) 赞成 2. wait (vj.) _ (n.) 服务员 类似： edit (v.)_ (n.)多雾的 3. harm (vt.) _ (adj.) 伤害 类似： care (v.)_ (adj.) 小心的 4. erupt (vi.) _ (n.) 爆发,喷发 类似： indicate (v.)_ (n.)指示,表明 5. educate ( vt.)_ (n.)教育 类似： administrate (v.) _ (n.) 管理,词类转换,按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。,arrival,approval,waiter
5、,editor,harmful,careful,eruption,indication,education,administration,6. taste (vt.)_ (adj.) 道歉 类似： rain (v.) _ (adj.) 多雨的 7. encourage (vt.)_ (n.) 教育 类似： move (v.)_ (n.)移动;运动,活动 8. minority (n) _(adj.)少数的 类似： majority (n)_ (adj.)多数的 9. attach (v.)_ (n.) 附属 类似： agree (v.)_ (n.)同意 10. physician (n.)_
6、(n.)物理 类似： politician (n.)_ (n.)政治,tasty,rainy,encouragement,movement,minor,major,attachment,agreement,physics,politics,重要词组,1. _习惯于 2. _给搭车, 搭便车 3. _给(某人)送行 4. _原谅某人某事 5. _忙于 6. _做感到吃惊 7. _避免; 避开; 逃避 8. _做某事有困难 9. _注意某人在做某事 10. _听起来象 11. _邀请某人去某地,get used to,give a lift,seeoff,forgive sb. for sth,b
7、e busy doing,be amazed to do,avoid doing,have some difficulty in doing sth,notice sb. doing sth.,sound like,invite sb. to sp.,12. _某事对某人很熟悉 13. _坚持主张干某事 14. _ 大量的 15. _ 属于 16. _与有联系/有关系 17. _ 首先 18. _专心于 19. _ 归功于; 由于 20. _ 交换,Sth.be similar to sb,insist on doing sth.,a large number of,belong to,be
8、attached to,first of all,be absorbed in,oweto,in exchange for,21. look out _ 22. be pound of _ 23. have a conversation with sb. _ 24. pass by _ 25. hang on a second _ 26. catch up with _ 27. laugh at _ 28. bring an end to_ 29. as well_ 30. on the contrary _,当心，小心,以为自豪,与 交谈,经过,稍等片刻,赶上,嘲笑,结束,也,相反,重要考点
9、突破,1. absorb vt. 吸收(take or suck in)，全神贯注 搭配：指出下列各个词组的汉语意思。 (1)be absorbed in his business_ (2)be absorbed in a book_ (3)absorb all the knowledge_ (4)complete absorption in sport _,核心单词,忙于生意,专心看书,吸收一切知识,完全专注于体育,运用：用absorb完成下列句子。 (1)吸收墨水的纸称为吸墨纸。 Paper _ is called blotting paper. (2)他完全专心于他的业务。 He _ h
10、is business. (3)那个聪明的男孩把他的老师们所教的知识全部都吸收了。 The clever boy_ that his teachers could give him.,that absorbs ink,is entirely absorbed in,absorbed all the knowledge,2. owe vt. 欠 (债)，受到恩惠，应把归功于 搭配：用适当的介词填空。 (1) owe $50 _ his tailor=owe his tailor $50 欠他的裁缝50美元 (2) owe a great deal _ my parents owe my pare
11、nts a great deal 深受我父母之恩 (3) owe (you)_ milk欠(你)买牛奶的帐 (4) owing_(=because of)因为 运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)他还欠我30美元工钱。He still_ my work. (2) 我们深受父母师长之恩。 We _our mother and teachers. (3) 因为下雨, 我们不能来。 _, we couldnt come. (4)我还欠着买汽车的钱。I still _my car. (5)我的成功应该归功于我的老师。 I _my teachers.,to,to,to,for,owes me $30 for,o
12、we a great deal to,Owing to the rain,owe for,owe my success to,3. exchange vt ,vi. & n. 交换 搭配：用适当的词填空。 (1) _exchange for以交换 (2)exchange gifts_ Peter和彼特交换礼物 (3)exchange US dollars _RMB将美元换成人民币 (4)exchange _交换意见 (5)exchange _交流经验 (6)exchange _互相问候 注意：exchange后接可数名词时，通常用复数。,in,with,for,ideas/views/opin
13、ions,experience,greetings,运用：翻译下面的句子或选择正确答案。 (1) 她教他法语以交换英语。 She is teaching him French_. (2) 玛丽和安交换了坐位。 _. (3)在会上，我们就此事交换了意见。 We _the event at the meeting,in exchange for English.,Mary exchanged seats with Anne,exchanged our opinions about,4. request n.& vt. 请求 搭配：填入适当的词完成下列短语或句式。 (1) request sth.
14、_sb. 向某人请求某物 (2) request sb. _do sth 请求某人做某事 (3) request _ sb. should do sth. 要求某人做某事 (4) make a request to sb. _ sth. 向某人请求某物 (5)come _ sbs request应某人的请求而来 联想: 完成下列短语或句式。 (1) require sb. _要求某人做某事 (2) require that sb. _要求某人做某事 提示：request作动词时，其后的宾语从句的谓语，或者作名词时其后的名词性从句的谓语，通常用“should +动词原形”。,of/from,to
15、,that,for,at,to do sth.,should do sth.,运用:用适当的词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1)Mr. Paine made a request that I _ (help) him. (2)Visitors are requested _(not touch) the exhibits. (3)Theyve made an urgent request _ international aid. (4) They requested that I _ (arrive) at 8 a.m.They requested us _(arrive) at 8 am
16、. (5) All I request of you is that you _ (be) early.,should help,not to touch,for,should arrive,to arrive,should be,5. conduct n. vt. & vi. 表现，经营，实施，引导 理解：指出下列各句中conduct的词性和意思。 (1)Your children conduct themselves well.(2) My aunt conducts her business very successfully. (3) The guide conducted us ar
17、ound the whole city.(4)I cannot allow such conduct. (5)He conducted the members of the audience to their seats.,动词,表现,动词,经营,动词,带领,名词,行为,动词,引导,拓展: 写出适当的词或根据提示填空。 (1)_n.售票员 (2)_n.传导 (3)_优良的品行 (4)_ ones private affair处理好私事 运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)他言行不一。_ (2) 他的行为使我们失望。 _,conductor,conduction,good conduct,conduct
18、,His conduct disagrees with his words.,His conduct disappointed us.,6. injure vt. 伤害，使受伤，损害 理解：理解下列各例句的意思。 (1)Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.(2)He injured his knee yesterday. (3)I hope I didnt injure her feelings.(4)Dishonest injures a business. 拓展：用injure的适当形式填空。 (1)_ adj. 有
19、害的(=harmful) (2)_n.伤害，损害 (3) He suffered serious_ to the arms and legs. (4) Smoking is_ to health.,撞车事故中三人死亡, 五人受伤。,他昨天伤了膝盖,我希望我没有伤害她的感情。,欺骗有害生意。,injurious,injury,injuries,injurious,辨析：injure, wound, hurt (1) injure常指身体上或精神上的伤害，指在意外事故中受伤。 (3) hurt没有injure正式，可以指身体上的疼痛，也可指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。Hurt的伤害可与injure
20、同样严重，也可指较轻的疼痛。 (2)wound主要指用刀枪等武器打伤、切伤等，多指在战争中或战斗中受伤，有时也用于精神上的伤害，但远不及前两者常见。,运用：用injure, hurt或wound的适当形式填空，或者用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1) In that war he was seriously _ by an enemy bullet. (2) Youll _her feelings if you forget her birthday (3)No one was seriously _in the traffic accident (4)The tight shoe _my foo
21、t. (5) The _(伤者) were rushed to hospital.,wounded,injured/hurt,injured /hurt,hurt,injured/wounded,7. export vt. vi. & n. 出口，输出，排出，出口货，输出量 联想：反义词import 进口 运用：根据中文提示填空。 (1) Fruit _(出口) from this country. (2) Many new materials_ (输出) to foreign countries. (3)我们出口稻米,但进口小麦。 We_. (4)非洲向欧洲出口牛肉。 Africa is _
22、Europe (5)你们国家有哪些主要的出口物品？ What are the chief _your country?,is exported,are exported,export rice but import wheat,exporting beef to,exports of,8. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 宽恕 用法:表示“原谅某人某事”可接双宾语，如，forgive his mistakes/ rudeness/ crimes原谅他的错误/无礼/罪行)；若表示“原谅某人做了某事”接for doing sth或for what clause.有时
23、可用作为及物动词。 运用：根据中文提示翻译或完成英文句子。 (1)请宽恕我吧。_ (2)我们原谅了他的无礼。 _ (3)原谅我来得这么晚。 _ (4)他原谅她对他说过的那些话。 _ what she had said to him (5)我的意见是最好宽大为怀，不念旧恶。 My advice is that _ and forget.,Please forgive me.,We forgave him his rudeness.,Forgive me for coming so late.,He forgave her for,its best to forgive,9. afford vt.
24、 负担得起(的费用)；抽得出(时间) 用法：多与can, could和be able to连用，后面接名词、代词或不定式。 I cant afford the expense. 我负担不了这笔费用。 The final exams are coming up. We cannot afford to waste even a minute. 快要期终考试了，我们现在一分钟也不能浪费。 运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)我们终于买得起房子了。 _ (2)你能抽得出时间度假吗？ Are you able to_?,afford the time for a holiday,At last, we can
25、 afford (to buy) a house.,10. majority n. 多数，大部分 用法：比most正式，常与of连用，主要指人，谓语动词用复数。单独使用时，后面的谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。 The majority were/ was against the plan. 多数人不赞成这个计划。 注意：(1)可以说a majority，但majority一般没有复数形式。(2)可以作定语。,He was elected by a thin majorit
26、y. 他以微弱多数而当选。 a majority decision根据多数人意见作出的决定 拓展：majority的反义词是minority(少数)，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数，一般不用复数，当我们说minorities时，指的是“少数民族”。,11. familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的 He looks so familiar but I cant remember his name. 他看上去非常面熟，但我想不起他的名字来了。 The name seems familiar to me.这个名字我似乎很熟悉。 She is familiar with modern
27、 jazz. 她熟悉现代爵士乐。 搭配：sth. be familiar to sb. 某物对某人来说是熟悉的sb. be familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉 运用：写出下句的同义句。 他的名字我耳熟。 His name is familiar to me. = _,I am familiar with his name.,12. attach vt. 贴上，系上；使依附，使附属 搭配：attach A to B把A附/贴在B上be attached to依恋 He attached a label to his baggage. 他往行李上贴了一个标签。 This hosp
28、ital is attached to our medical department. 这所医院附属于我们医学系。 派生：attached adj. 依恋的attachment n. 依恋；附件,13. contrary adj. 相反的，截然不同的(常接to)n. 相反的事实/事情/情况(前加the) 搭配：on the contrary 恰恰相反，与此相反to the contrary相反的，相反地，不同地(be) contrary to违反，与相反 Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk. 与普通的看法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶
29、。 My idea is contrary to his.我的想法和他的相反。,辨析：on the contrary和to the contrary (1)on the contrary 常常放在句首，有时也可放在句中，用作修饰句子的状语，表示对刚说的话表示反对。 (2)to the contrary不是修饰整个句子的状语。它可以充当定语、状语或表语。 运用：用to或on填空。 (1)It doesnt seem ugly to me, _ the contrary, I think its rather beautiful. (2)I know nothing _ the contrary.
30、,on,to,14. lively adj.有生气的，活泼的，热闹的 He is lively as well as healthy.他既健康又活泼。辨析：lively, alive, living & live (1)alive活着的，在世的 (只能作表语，补语，后置定语) (2)living活着的，有生命的 (作前置定语和表语) (3)live活的(只能在动物前面作定语)；现场直播(adj. & adv.) (4)the living 活着的人(与the dead相对),运用：用上述几个词填空。 (1)She is a _child and popular with everyone. (
31、2)Mr Wang was still _ after the powerful earthquake. (3)More than 10,000 people were buried _ during the earthquake. (4)He is the best _ pianist. (5)There is no _ fish in this pool.,lively,alive /living,alive,living,live /living,1. seeoff (去车站、机场或码头等)给(某人)送行，赶走 联想：_(去车站、机场或码头等)迎接(某人) 运用：翻译下列句子。 (1)我
32、的朋友昨天到机场为我送行。 _(2)她的狗把那两个贼赶走了。 _ (3)我们要不要为她开个送别晚宴呢？ _ (4)下周的星期三我要去北京机场接我对儿子。 _,重要词组,meet,My friend went to the airport to see me offyesterday. .,Her dog saw off the two thieves.,Shall we have a see-off party for her?,I am to meet my son at Beijing Airport next Wednesday.,2. insist on (doing )sth. 坚持
33、主张做某事 I insist on seeing it.我一定要见到它。 拓展: insist that 坚持要做某事(接从句用虚拟语气)insist that 坚持一种事实(接从句用真实语气) 辨析：persist in坚持行动，常指固执己见或继续坚持。stick to坚持，信守，忠于(原则、决定、计划、诺言、意见)，通常接名词或代词。,运用：翻译下列句子或用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1)He insisted that he was a Party member and _(send) the front. (2) We all insist that we _ (not rest) un
34、til we finish the work. (3)他坚持要我跟他一起去。_ (4)如果你再继续违法的话，你会坐牢的。 If _the law you will go to prison (5)我已作出了决定，而且我会坚守这一立场。 I have made my decision and Im going to_.,be sent,(should) not rest,He insisted on my going with him,you persist in breaking,stick to it,3. first of all 首先 First of all, we should ma
35、ke a list of shopping. 首先, 我应当列出买东西的单子。 Happiness lies first of all in heath.幸福首先在于健康。 拓展: 用适当的介词填空。 (1) _all毕竟，终于(让步) (2) _all总共 (3) _all 全然，究竟 (4) _all 最重要的是，尤其是(强调) (5)not _all 一点也不 (6)all _all一般说来，总之,after,in,at,above,at,in,运用：补全下列句子。 (1) As a matter of fact, I didnt know him_. (2) I know he has
36、nt finished the work, but_, hes done his best. (3) I would like to buy a housemodern, comfortable, and _in a quiet place. (4)There are thirty_ in the party who will travel to Lanzhou. (5)“_, its a map; second, its a piece of art.” Niehues says.,at all,after all,above all,in all,First of all,4. get/b
37、e used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事 用法:用get往往含有由不习惯“变得”习惯之意，表示已经习惯的状态用be。注意to是介词, 其后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。 运用1：翻译下列句子。 (1)你很快就会习惯住在这里的。 _ (2)你不久就会习惯这里的气候。 _ (3)生活是不公平的, 去适应它吧。 _,Life is not fair; get used to it.,Soon you will get used to living here.,Youll soon get used to the climate here.,联想: 翻译下列词组。 (1) s
38、b. used to do sth. (2) sth. be used to do sth. (3)get accustomed to (doing) sth. (4)be accustomed to (doing) sth. 运用2：翻译下列句子。 1. 他过去和我们一起住。 _ 2. 她习惯于饭后散步。 _ 3. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。 _,某人过去常做某事,某物被用来做某事,变得习惯于,习惯于,He used to live with my family.,She is used (=accustomed) to taking a walk after dinner.,Wood is
39、often used to make desks and chairs.,1. I dont know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that youve never traveled outside of Asia, though Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find. 结构分析: 本句是一个比较复杂的主从复合句。主句是I dont know；第一个what引导的名词性从句，作know的宾语；but是介词，意为“除外”介词短语中也有一个由that引导的名词性从句，作knowing 的宾语；though引导一个让步状语从句，在让步状语从句中由what 引导的名词性从句，作介词about 的宾语。 学以致用：用what 和though翻译下列句子。 尽管我不太理解实际情况如何，我相信很显然他所做的是正确当。. _,