1、Unit 8 Adventure,基础知识提要,1. _ n. 冒险；奇遇 2. _ adj. 最大的; 最多的 3. _ vt. 使困惑 4. _ vt. 使震惊 5. _ n. 教授 6. _ n. 皮肤 7. _ adj. 令人疲劳的 8. _ vt. 观察，观测 9. _ n.行李搬运工 10. _ adj. 主要的，较严重的,adventure,maximum,confuse,shock,professor,skin,observe,porter,major,tiring,核心单词,根据提示写出英语单词或汉语意思。,11. _ adj. 额外的，特别的 12. _ n. 商品，物品
2、13. _ n. 燃料 14. _ n. 猎人 15. _ (vi.) 相异，有差别 16. _ n.&vt运输 17. _ n.不利，不利条件 18. _ vt. 冒风险 19. limit _ 20. exact _ 21. gymnastics _ 22. emperor _,extra,goods,fuel,hunter,differ,transport,disadvantage,risk,边界，限度,精确的,体操,皇帝,23. amaze _ 24. ambition _ 25. function _ 26. aim _ 27. exhausted _ 28. shelter _ 2
3、9. accommodation _ 30. luggage_ 31. dull _ 32. traveller _ 33. author _,使惊讶,抱负，志向,运转，起作用,目的,疲惫的,遮蔽，庇护所,住处, 膳宿,(总称)行李,暗淡的；单调无味；迟钝的,旅行者，旅客,作者,按要求写出下列单词的适当形式。,1. organize (vt.) _ (n.) 组织 类似：prepare_ (n.) 准备 2. anxious (adj.) _ (n.) 忧虑，担心 类似：various_ (n.)种类；变种 3. similar (adj.) _ (n.) 相似性 类似： popular_ (
4、n.) 流行；受欢迎 4. excite (vt.) _ (n.) 兴奋，激动 类似：equip_ (n.)设备 5. comfort (n. & vt.)_ (adj.)不舒服的 类似：believe_ (adj.)难以置信的,词类转换,organization,preparation,anxiety,variety,similarity,popularity,excitement,equipment,uncomfortable,unbelievable,词类转换,6. prefer (vt.)_ (n.) 偏爱 类似：differ_ (n.) 多样化，变化 7. wealth (n.)_
5、(adj.)富有的 类似：health_ (adj.)健康的 8. patient (adj.) _ (n.) 耐心 类似：distant_ (n.) 远处 9. survive (vi.&vt)_ (n.) 幸存，生存 类似：arrive_ (n.) 抵达，到达 10. nation (n.) _ (n.) 国籍 类似：person_ (n.) 个性，品格,preference,difference,wealthy,healthy,patience,distance,survival,arrival,nationality,personality,1. _起飞 2. _颠倒地, 倒置地 3.
6、 _出现, 到场 4. _轮流 5. _(坏事)突然发生, 爆发 6. _把(某人)关进监狱 7. _在途中 8. _损坏, 不能运转 9. _用完, 耗尽 10. _值得做,重要词组,take off,upside down,turn up,in turn/take turns,break out,put into prison,on ones way,break down,run out of/ run out,be worth doing,11. _取得很快的进步 12. _做有困难 13. _一度, 曾经 14. _没做成某事 15._花(时间)做某事 16. _去划独木舟 17. _
7、梦想，梦到 18. _在地平线上,make rapid progress,have difficulty (in) doing sth,at one time,fail to do sth,spend (in) doing sth.,go canoeing,dream of,on the horizon,19. as well as_ 20. take up _ 21. right now_ 22. in order to _ 23. back out_ 24. get across_ 25. stand by_ 26. in preparation for_ 27. carry on_ 28
8、. do trade with_ 29. reply to_ 30. go through with_,和，也，还有,开始从事；占据,就在此刻,为了(某一目的),决定不履行(允诺的事),使理解(某事),坚持(某种)说法,为准备,继续（做某事）,和(某人)进行贸易,回答,完成,重要考点突破,1. major adj. 较大的；较多的；主要的n. 专业 vi. 主修 搭配：指出下列各个词组的汉语意思。 (1)a major problem _ (2)major changes _ (3)play a major part (in) _ (4)major in English_,核心单词,大问题,重
9、大变化,(在某方面)起主要作用,主修英语,运用：用major翻译下列句子。 (1)我主要考虑的是钱的问题。 Money is my _. (2)他在公司的发展中起着主要作用。 He _ in the development of this company. (3) 他的主修科目是法语。 _,major consideration,plays a major part/role,His major is French./He majors in French.,2. differ vi. 相异，有差别 搭配：用适当的词(主要是介词)填空。 (1)differ (greatly/entirely)
10、 _ 和(大不/完全)不同 (2)differ _ 就方面意见不同 (3)differ _ sb. 与某人意见不同 (4)agree_ differ 求同存异 联想：指出下列词组的汉语意思。 (1)be quite different from _ (2)be much the same as_ (3)be similar to _ (4)make a difference _,from,on/about,with,to,和大不相同,和差不多一样,和相似,起作用，产生影响,运用：用相关短语翻译下列句子。 (1) 汉语和英语在发音上大不相同。 Chinese _ English in pronu
11、nciation. (2) 他的看法和我的完全不同。 His opinion_. (3) 我认为这台电脑不会起多大作用。 I dont think this computer will _.,differs greatly from,differs entirely from mine,make any difference,3. risk vt. 冒的风险 n. 冒险，风险 搭配：用适当的词填空。 (1) (用介词) the risk of冒的风险 (2) the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事 (3) the risk of doing sth. 减少做某事的风险 (4)
12、risk sth. 冒险做某事 (5)risk ones 冒生命危险 注意：risk 用作及物动词时，不可用不定式，只能用动名词作宾语。类似的动词还有：consider, suggest, advise, excuse, admit, delay, fancy, avoid, miss, escape, finish, enjoy, mind, appreciate, forbid, allow, imaging, consider 等。,at,take/turn,cut,doing,life,运用：用不同的搭配翻译下面的句子。 他冒着生命危险救了那个落水男孩。 (1) _. (2) _. (
13、3) _.,He saved the drowning boy at the risk of losing his own life.,He took the risk of being killed to save the drowning boy.,He risked (losing) his life to save thedrowning boy.,4. goods n. 货物，物品 用法: goods 只用作复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 联想: 以下是good 用作adj.或n.时 的一些搭配，请用适当的介词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1)be good 擅长于 (2)be
14、 good sb 对某人好 (3)be good 对有好处 (4)do good sb.=do sb. good对某人有好处 (5)Its no good (do)做没有好处 运用：用所给词的适当形式填空。 I think the goods _ (be) of poor quality.我认为这批货质量很差。,at,to,for,to,doing,are,5. equipment n. 装备，设备 用法: equipment 是“设备，装备”的总称，是不可数名词，表达“一件”的意思时要用“a piece of/an article of”。表总称的类似单词还有：jewellery(珠宝),
15、clothing(服装), furniture(家具)，luggage (行李)等。 拓展: 写出适当的词或用适当的词填空。 (1) vt. 装备 (2)equip sb. / sth. _ sth.用装备 (3)be equipped _ 装备了（表示状态） 写出与be equipped with类似的搭配： (4)be with 装满了 (5)be with 盖上了,equip,with,with,filled,covered,(6)be with 混有 (7)be with 摆上了（家具） (8)be with 武装了 运用：用改正句子中错误。 (1)We are provided wi
16、th the latest sports equipments.(2)Each room equips with a color TV set.,mixed,furnished,armed,(1)equipments改为equipment,(2)equips with 改为 is equipped with,6. preference n. 偏爱，更喜欢的东西(可数)，偏心(不可数) 理解：理解下列各例句的意思。 (1)She has a preference for blue. (2)My preference is for beef rather than lamb.(3)A teache
17、r should not show preference for any one of his students.温馨提示：表示偏爱某人或某物，preference后接介词for。,她偏爱蓝色,我偏爱牛肉而不是羊肉(可数),老师不应当偏爱他的任何一个学生。(不可数),联想: 用do的适当形式填空。 (1)prefer sth. 宁愿做某事（习惯性动作） (2)prefer sth. 宁愿做某事（某一次具体动作） (3)would/should prefer sth.宁愿做某事 (4)prefer sb. sth. 宁愿某人做某事 (5)prefer sth. rather than sth.
18、宁愿做不愿做 (6)prefer sth. to sth. 宁愿做不愿做 (7)prefer that_宁愿做（常用虚拟语气）,doing,to do,to do,to do,to do,do,doing,doing,(should) do,运用：用适当的词填空或用所词的适当形式填空。 (1)Adam likes all fruit, but he has a preference _apples. (2)It doesnt matter to me. I have no _(prefer). (3) He prefers _(watch) TV to _(see) a film. (4) R
19、ather than _(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers _(take) a taxi. (5)She preferred that he _(come) home earlier. (6)She preferred him _(spend) all day out.,for,preference,watching,seeing,ride,to take,(should) come,to spend,7. quantity n. 数量(与quality相对) 搭配：a large quantity of/large quantities of
20、 许多(主要接不可数名词，但有时也接复数名词) 注意：a large quantity of加名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of加名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,运用：用所给动词的适当形式填空。 (1)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _(be) being washed away each year. 随着更多的森林被毁，每年大量的优质土壤正被冲走。 (2)A large quantity of air-conditioners _(have) been sold
21、 since the temperature is high. 因为气温很高，有大量空调售出。,are,has,分类：以下单词或词组均可表达“许多”，请按其后所接名词的不同而归类：a lot of, lots of, scores of, a large quantity of, quantities of, much, many, a great deal of, a large number of, a large amount of, a large supply of , plenty of, dozens of, a good many，many a。,a lot of,lots o
22、f,scores of,a large quantity of,quantities of,much,many,a great deal of,a large number of,a large amount of,a large supply of,plenty of,dozens of,a good many,many a,8. tiring adj. 使人疲劳的，累人的 It was a long tiring day. 那时漫长的累人的一天。 拓展: 用适当的介词或副词填空。 (1)tire sb _ 使某人累极了 (2)be tired _ 感到累极了 (3)be tired _ 厌
23、烦 (4)be tired _ 因而累 辨析：根据两者的用法区别填空。 (1)tiring adj. (使人疲劳的，烦人的) 一般指_。 (2)tired adj. (疲劳的，累的，烦的)一般指_、人的表情或声音等。,out,out,of,from/with,人,事物,温馨提示：可以派生出类似形容词的及物动词有：bore, exhaust, amaze, confuse, shock, surprise, interest, excite, disappoint, astonish, worry, please, satisfy, frighten, terrify等。 运用：用tire的适当
24、形式填空。 (1) I am too _ to walk any further. (2) What a _ job it is ! (3) _ of reading, he stopped to watch TV. (4) The _ trip _ me out.,tiring tired,tired,tiring,Tired,9. various adj. 不同的，各种各样的 用法:多作定语，后接复数名词。如： He failed for various reasons. 由于多种原因他失败了。 拓展: 写出适当的词或用适当的词填空。 (1)_ n. 种类 (2)_ vi. 变化，不同 (
25、3)vary _随变化 (4)a variety/varieties _不同种类的 运用：根据所给提示词翻译下面的句子。 (1)在那一点上意见各不相同。（vary）(2)这个学院提供多种课程。（varieties of）,variety,vary,with,of,Opinions vary on this point.,The college provides varieties of courses.,1. turn up; take off; break down 注意:这三个词组在本单元都用作不及物动词，但它们也可用作及物动词，意思相差甚远。,重要词组,开大（灯火、音量、煤气等）,脱掉,
26、拆除；使分解,联想:写出下面类似词组不同中文意思：,得到好结果，取得成功,抬头看,动身，出发,继续存在；活下去,偿清(欠款等),查阅,引爆；引发,靠生活；以为食,拓展:试一试，默写turn, take, break的常用搭配：,turn _ 转向；求助于（某人） turn _ 走开；把（某人）拒于门外；驱逐 turn _ 打开 turn _ 关掉 turn _ 调小，调低；拒绝 turn _ 上缴 turn _ 翻转，翻身 turn _背叛 take _ 带走 take _取回，退还,to,away,on,off,down,in,over,against,away,back,take _取下；
27、记下，写下 take _认为，误以为 take _ 呈现 take _ 接收，接管 break _ 闯入；打断（谈话等） break _ 闯入，破门而入 break _ 打断，折断 break _ 分解；解散，驱散；打散 break _ 脱离,down,for,on,over,in,into,off,up,away from,运用：翻译下列句子。,(1)她直到会议结束才出场。_ _ (2)请系好安全带，飞机就要起飞了。_ (3)他的小汽车在回家的途中坏了。_,she didnt turn up until the end of themeeting.,Please fasten your be
28、lts. The plane is taking off.,His car broke down on his way home.,2. in order to do为了 用法: in order to 后只能接动词原形，用作目的状语。其否定形式为：in order not to do 。例如： He is on a diet in order not to gain pounds. 为了减肥他在节食。,联想: 有些短语与从句常可转换。请补全下面对应用法：,中文意思,为了，以便(目的状语),如此以致(结果状语),不定式（to do）,状语从句,in order to do,so as to d
29、o,so as to do,suchas to do,in order that,so that,so that,suchthat,温馨提示：so as to do和so that一般不能放在句首；in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句一般有can/ could/ may/ might/ will/ would等情态动词。,运用：完成句子。 (1)我没有愚蠢到会相信你的话。 I am not _believe you. (2)为了天黑前到达，我们早早地动了身。 We started early _ _arrive before dark.,so foolish as to
30、,in order to /so as to/in order that we could/so that we could,3. in preparation for为做准备 Lets collect new material in preparation for the experiment. 咱们收集新材料为实验做准备吧。 拓展: 翻译下面词组。 in preparation _ prepare sth. _ prepare sb. for sth. _ prepare for/ make preparations for_ prepare to do sth_ be prepared
31、to do sth _ 比较: in preparation for 和prepare for/ make preparations for 都有“为做准备”的意思，但前者是介词结构，后者是动词结构，千万不可混淆。请补全下表的类似用法：,在准备中,准备,辅导或帮助某人为做准备,为做准备,准备做某事,准备好做某事（多指状态和心理准备）,search for,need,instead of,in charge of,take possession of,praise,celebrate,in face of,control,fear,in defence of,in honour of,expla
32、in,see,in turn,risk,against,take a bus,cross,past,运用：补全下列句子。 (1)她的婚礼在准备中。 Her wedding is _. (2)我们将轮流擦黑板。 Well _ to clean the blackboard. (3)过马路要小心。 Be careful when you _ the street.(=Be careful when _ _the street),in preparation,take turns,cross/ go across,crossing,/going across,4. make progress 取得进
33、步；取得进展 翻译:他到这儿以来没有取得什么进步_. 温馨提示：progress 是一个不可数名词，可以用good，rapid，great，slow，much，some，no，little等词来限定；make progress 的主语一般指人。 运用：修改病句。 (1)What a great progress they are making! _. (2)My Chinese has made rapid progress. _.,Little progress has been made since he came here.,What great progress they are ma
34、king!,I have made rapid progress in my Chinese.,5. run out of 用完/耗尽 run out 用完了 翻译: (1)我们的汽油快用完了。 _(2) The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food. _。 (3)他已经失去耐心。 Hes _ his patience. His patience has _ 辨析：run out of是及物动词，但不用于被动结构，主语通常是sb.，宾语是sth.；而run out是不及物动词，主语是sth.。比较类似情况，补全句子： (1)我
35、们的钱不够了。 We are running short of money. =Our money is _ .,We are running out of petrol. / Our petrol is running out.,队员们很快就筋疲力竭了，食品也快吃完了。,run out of,run out,running short,(2)我的工作进展很好。 I my work. = My work is getting on well. (3) 我不理解这个句子。 I cant make sense of the sentence. =This sentence doesnt to me
36、. 运用：完成句子。,make sense,got on well with,用法: be worth后面用动名词的主动形式，表达被动意思，因而这个动词一定要用及物动词结构。比较：be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done 运用：请翻译句子。(1)这个问题不值得担心。 This problem is not worth . =This problem is not worthy . =This problem is not worthy of . (2)我觉得这本书不值得再读一次。 I dont think the book worth _ a
37、second time. I dont think the book is worthy _ a second time. I dont think the book worthy of _ a second time.,6. be worth doing值得做,worrying about,to be worried about,being worried about,reading,to be read,being read,搭配 be worth 5 dollars值5元 be worth that price 值那个价be well worth doing 非常值得做 联想：其它用主动
38、形式表达被动含义的句子：填上适当的介词。 （1）I have nothing to be afraid _.我没什么可害怕的。 （2）The man is easy to get on _.这人容易相处。 （3）The picture is pleasant to look _. 这张画很好看。 （4）The baby wants looking _. 这个婴儿需要照顾。,of,with,at,after,7. have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 用法: 此处的difficulty 用作不可数名词，意为“困难、艰难”，可 以替换为trouble，前面可以
39、加上“no, little, some, any, much, lots of, a great deal of”等词修饰。常用在以下句型中，in可以省略，意思相同：have difficulty (in) doing sth.find difficulty (in) doing sth.There is difficulty (in) doing sth. 拓展: have difficulty with sb./sth. have problem (in) doing sthhave fun (in) doing sth have a good time (in) doing sth have a hard time (in) doing sth,