1、P4 Grammar,Module 5 The Great Sports Personality,Objectives,1. To review adverbial clauses of time, condition, and concession 2. To learn how to make sentences with adverbial clauses,Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句,1. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, they
2、will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. 2. When it was performed in America, there was an audience of 100.000 people. 3. When he was very young, Mozart had a lot of musical talent. 4. While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.,5. As he grew older, he began to go deaf. 6. It
3、 is ten years since he graduated from the university. 7. When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. 8. When sports journalists met in 1999 tomake a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Nings name was on
4、it. 9. But Li Nings goal when he retired wasnot to make money.,1. _Chinese athletes step outonto the track during the 2008 Olympics,they will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. 2. _ it was performed in America,there was an audience of 100.000people. 3. _ he was very young, Mozart
5、had a lot of musical talent. 4. _he was still a teenager, he wasa big star.,go,Ready?,Whenever,When,When,While,5. _ he grew older, he began to go deaf. 6. It is ten years _he graduated from the university. 7. _ he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the
6、world. 8. _ sports journalists met in 1999 tomake a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Nings name was on it. 9. But Li Nings goal _ he retired wasnot to make money.,As,since,When,When,when,时间状语从句引导词,when, while, as, since, before, after, until, till, as soon
7、as, every time, hardly. when, no sooner. than, the moment, the instant, immediately, instantly, directly.,When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.was doing sth. whenwas about to do sth. whenwas on the point of doing sth. . when,1. when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。,连
8、接词when的用法,2. when用于下列句式，意为“就在那时”。,Please dont talk so loud while others areworking.Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.While he is not perfect, I still like him.,连接词while的用法,1. while 引导时间状语，意为“当的时 候”, 接持续性动词。,2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”， 表示对比。,3. while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although
9、。,1. as 可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一 边”。She sang as she walked home all the way. 2. as 也可引导原因状语，意为“因为”。As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. 3. as 还可用来引导让步状语从句（常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。Child as he is, he knows a lot.,连接词as的用法,1)when 可表示一个时间点，也可表示一 个时间段。When he came in, we were havingsupper.When we were
10、 having supper, the light suddenly went out.,连接词when, while, as的用法区别,when, while, as 这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”，使用时应注意：,2) while 则只表示一个时间段。它所引导 的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。 a. When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. b. While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep. 3) as 则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行; 也
11、可表示“随着”。 a. She sang as she walked along. b. As the election approached, the violence（暴行）got worse.,We waited until/till he came. He wont go to bed until her father returns.,1. until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：,2. 用于否定句，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时才开始”。,till, until和notuntil的用法,Until
12、you told me I had no idea of it.a. It was not until you told me that Ihad any idea of it. b. Not until you told me did I anyidea of it.,3. till不可以置于句首，而until可以。,4. notuntil句型中的强调和倒装。,Every time I listen to music, Ill think of it 每当我听音乐，我就想起这事。,可引导时间状语从句的time短语: every time，each time，(the) next time，(
13、the) last time，by the time the first time，any time等含time的短 语可引导时间状语从句。,as soon as 的用法,as soon as表示“一就”，除此之外，还有三类词都表示“一就” ,皆可引导时间状语从句。,名词型 the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 副词型 immediately, directly, instantly 句式型 no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.,The moment I saw him I knew thatth
14、ere was no hope.我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。Hardly/Scarcely had I got homewhen it began to rain.我一到家就下雨。,【注意】如果 hardly, scarcely或no sooner 置于句首, 句子必须用倒装结构。,1. It is + 一段时间 + since从句（延续性动 词：反过来翻译。） It is 10 years since I smoked. (= I gave up smoking.) 自从我不抽烟已有10年了。,since引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以 是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。一般 情况下从句谓语
15、动词用一般过去时，而主 句谓语动词用现在完成时。,since 的用法,It is five years since Tom smoked a cigarette. 汤姆不吸烟有五年了。 It is three years since he lived here. 他不在这住有三年了。 2. It is + 一段时间 + since从句（短暂性 动词：直译。） It is five years since Tom began to smoke. 汤姆吸烟有五年了。 It is three years since she was in our class. 她在我们班有三年了。,1. He was
16、 about to go to bed _ thedoorbell rang.A. while B. as C. before D. when 2. It seemed only seconds _ theboy finished washing his face.A. when B. before C. after D. even if,3. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 4. The ne
17、w secretary is supposed toreport to the manager as soon as she_.A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving,Adverbial Clauses of Condition,条件状语从句,1. If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences. 2. If our right hand is busy greetingsomeone, it cann
18、ot be holding a weapon. 3. What shall I do if Im invited to dinner? 4. As long as you work hard, youll succeed sooner or later. 5. Suppose you fail, what will you do next?,6. Youll be late for school unless you get up half an hour earlier. 7. In case there is a fire, what will you do first? 8. You c
19、an go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank. 9. Ill go swimming providing/provided my wages are paid. 10. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.,1. _ you say the word “communicat
20、ion”, most people think of words and sentences. 2. _ our right hand is busy greetingsomeone, it cannot be holding a weapon. 3. What shall I do _ Im invited to dinner? 4. _ you work hard, youll succeed sooner or later.5. _ you fail, what will you do next?,If,If,if,As long as,Suppose,go,Ready?,6. Youl
21、l be late for school _ you get up half an hour earlier. 7. _ there is a fire, what will you do first? 8. You can go swimming _ _ you dont go too far from the river bank. 9. Ill go swimming _my wages are paid. 10. _ you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in
22、 Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.,unless,In case,on condition,that,providing/provided,If,条件状语从句引导词,if, unless, so/as long as, in case, on condition that, supposing that/ suppose that (假设), provided that/ providing that (倘若)等。,一般情况下，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 如：,注意: 引导的从句中的谓语动词只能是肯定式，且unless不能引导
23、非真实条件句。,Do not come unless I call you.,You will be late for school if you get up late. 如果你起晚了，你上学将迟到。,1. My parents dont mind what job I do _ I am happy.A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 2. I wont call you, _ somethingunexpected happens.A. whether B. unless C. because D. while,
24、3. My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in thehouse _ there is a power out.A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 4. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.A. whether B. until C. unless D. if,1. _ (如果我看见她), Ill inviteher to t
25、he party. 2. Youll be late for school _(除非你早起半小时) 3. _ (只要你努力工作), youll succeed sooner or Later. 4. _ (倘若你失败了), what will you do next?,If I see her,As long as you work hard,Suppose you fail,unless you get up half an hour earlier.,Translation.,Adverbial Clauses of Concession 让步状语从句,But even though he
26、 had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. 2. Although these are very important, wecommunicate with more than justspoken and written words. 3. Whatever you do, dont leaveimmediately after the meal is finished. 4. However hungry you a
27、re, you shouldntstart to eat before your host does.,5. No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.) 6. Youll have to attend the wedding whether youre free or busy. 7. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. 8. But al
28、though I was frightened, I also felt very curious. 9. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.,But _ he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed. 2. _ these are very importan
29、t, wecommunicate with more than justspoken and written words. 3. _ you do, dont leaveimmediately after the meal is finished. 4. _ hungry you are, you shouldnt start to eat before your host does.,even though,Although,Whatever,However,go,Ready?,5. _ happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he
30、 would not mind.) 6. Youll have to attend the wedding _ youre free or busy. 7. _ developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. 8. But _I was frightened, I also felt very curious. 9. _ there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle comes off the road every two wee
31、ks.,No matter what,whether,Although,although,Although,让步状语从句引导词,although, though, as, while, whether, even if/though, no matter who/when/ what., however, whatever，whetheror,(1) although/though 尽管，虽然He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.,though 引导的从句不仅可以用于自然语序，也可用于倒装语序。,Clever though yo
32、u may be, you cannot do that.,He said he would come; he didnt, though.,though还可用作副词, 意为“可是，然而”， 置于句末。,Even though/if it is raining, well go there. We wont be discouraged even if/though we fail ten times. Even if I were busy, I would go.,(2) even if /even though “即使，纵然”两者都有退一步设想的意思，可通用。从句中既可用陈述语气，也可用
33、于虚拟语气。,Child as he is, he knows a lot. Try as he might, he could not find a job.,(3) as 引导的让步状语从句用于书面语， 比though, although引导的从句更有表现力，语气更强。as引导的从句一般放在主语之前，且必须使用倒装语序， 即将从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是名词，前置时要省略冠词。,a. While we dont agree on the matter, we continue to be friends. b. While the Internet is bridging
34、 the distance between people, it may also be breaking some homes or will cause other family problems.,(4) while 虽然while引导的让步状语从句常位于句首，相当于although, though。,a. Whether you believe it or not, it is true. b. Whatever (No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. c. Dont let them in, whoever (no matter w
35、ho) they are. d. However (No matter how) expensive it may be, Ill take it.,(5) whetheror 不管还是， 疑问词+ever=no matter +疑问词，不管，无论,You can take whatever you like. Whoever leaves last should lock the door.,注意: whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。此时它们不能与no matter + 疑问词互换。,1. _ advertisements a
36、re of great help, Idont think we should entirely rely onthem.A. Since B. While C. Because D. As 2. Once again he failed to hand in hishomework _ he had been given enough time to do itA. in case B. as though C. so that D. even though,3. The old tower must be saved, _thecost. A. whatever B. however C.
37、 whichever D. wherever 4. It is hard to find a job today. I might at least get some workexperience _ I dont get a good job.A. so that B. in case C. now that D. even if,1. _ (尽管雨下得很大), yet they went on playing football. 2. _ (无论你做什么), Ill not forgive you. 3. _ (无论我何时感到孤独), I think about you.,Although
38、/ Though it was raining hard,Whatever you do,Whenever I feel lonely,Translation.,4. You cant come in , _.(无论你是谁) 5. _ (尽管他们很疲惫), they went on with their work. 6. _ (尽管她努力尝试), nothing seemed to work. 7. They will stand by you _. (即使你没成功),whoever you are,Although they were tired,However hard she tried
39、,even if you,dont succeed,汉译英 1. 离屋时，请关电灯。 2. 我们必须带雨伞，以防下雨。 3. 只要你努力学习，你肯定会取得进步。 4. 如果你经常听英语歌，你将会喜欢英语。 5. 我一直睡到闹钟响为止。 6. 尽管他老了，他工作还很努力。 7. 他虽然成功了，但他并不骄傲。,Answers 1. Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 2. We must take umbrellas in case it rains. 3. So long as you work hard, you are sur
40、e to succeed. 4. If you often listen to English songs, you will like English. 5. I slept until the clock alarmed. 6. Though he was old, he worked hard. 7. Successful as he is, he is not proud.,Review,复习下列状语从句： 1. 时间状语从句Adverbial clauses of time 2. 条件状语从句Adverbial clauses of condition 3. 让步状语从句Adverb
41、ial clauses of concession,1. Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever 2. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. when,实
42、战高考,3. It was April 29, 2001 _ PrinceWilliam and Kate Middleton walkedinto the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A . that B. when C. since D. before 4. If a lot of people say a film is notgood, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.A. whether B. after C. though D. until,5. I
43、dont believe weve met before, Imust say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. althoughC. since D. unless 6. Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, wellstill have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only,7. You can borrow my car _ youpromise not to drive too fast. A. unless B.
44、 if C. in case D. as long as 8. Leave your key with your neighbor_ you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even thoughC. in case D. as if,9. She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when 10. One can always manage to do more things, no matter
45、 _ full ones schedule is in life. A. how B. what C. when D. where,11. He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to. A. even if B. as if C. because D. before 12. I have heard a lot of good things aboutyou _ I came back from abroad. A. since B. until C. before D. when,13. _ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case14. You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work. A. when B. because C. after D. unless,