1、Grammar and usage,Do you know any job words? Use your body language to show the job word and ask your partner to guess.,Revision,Guessing in pairs,Lead in,Hong Kong _ to China in 1997.,returned,Macao _ to China in 1999.,returned,Hong Kong _to China before Macao came back to China.,had returned,The s
2、imple past tense talks about a past action. When something happens at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past perfect tense,Past perfect tense,had done,-,Present,Past,(Monday),build a garden,clean the house,I _ the house before I _ a garden on Friday.,had cleaned,built,Friday,The following
3、 is what I did last week.,More examples of the Past perfect tense,1. When we got to the station, the train had left. 2. By the end of last year, my brother had been a soldier for 10 years.,3. Before Tony went to work, he had finished reading the novel. 4. Not until 10 years later did she know, the d
4、iamond she had borrowed was just made of glass.,Present,Past,We hid the entrance to the tomb.,Carter said they had hidden the entrance to the tomb.,The past perfect tense used in indirect speech,“We hid the entrance to the tomb. ”said Carter.,Carter said that they had hidden the entrance to the tomb
5、.,More examples of the past perfect tense used in reporter speech,1. Kate said, “I finished reading the comic book.” Kate said that she had finished reading the comic book.,2. Jimmy said, “I went to Asia two weeks ago.” Jimmy said that he had gone to Asia two weeks before. 3. “Did you stay up late l
6、ast night?” Mr. Ben asked. Mr. Ben asked whether I had stayed up late the night before.,The past perfect tense doesnt mean the past action happened a long time ago.,I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. Antonio went swimming after he had reached home from work. Shylock had
7、 left the hotel when we got there.,Time expressions often used with the past perfect tense.,when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and already,The structure of the past perfect tense,had done / had been done,1. I _ already _ Chinese for nearly 3 years before I came to this small town
8、. (teach) 2. I _ to come, but something happened. (mean),had,had meant,taught,3. Mess _ of the house before his parents came back. (Make) 4. Little Tom _ to the hospital after Mum returned from work. (send),had been made,had been sent,Notes about Amelia Earhart,(1) had seen (2) moved (3) had, taken
9、(4) had become (5)had met (6) started (7)had started (8)had, gone,the story of The Titanic,(1)surprised (2) spent (3) had wanted (4) had received (5) arrived (6) had hit (7) survived (8) had searched (9) used (10) had caused,Question,When will you use the present perfect tense? When will you use the
10、 past perfect tense?,present,Present perfect or past perfect?,The present perfect tense is used when we are talking about a past event which relates to the present time. The past perfect tense is used when we are discussing the past and want to talk about an even earlier event.,The inventor of paper
11、,(1) had failed (2) had tried (3) had heard (4) had caught (5) had shown,高考链接,1. Upon entering the tomb, Carters lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo. (P48) 考点 过去完成时主要用来表示在过去某个时间或动作之前发生的事或动作，通常与一般过去时连用。,考例1 John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. A. damaged B. was
12、 being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged 点拨 had to是关键信息词。“不得不修”发生在过去，“损坏”应该发生在“不得不修”之前，故要用过去完成时；而car和damage之间应是被动关系，故选D项。,考例2 The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be,点拨 句意：突然，那位警察的目光被放在
13、部长车子下面的一个小盒子吸引住了。句中was caught是关键信息词。which _ placed under . 是定语从句，其谓语所表示的动作发生在主句谓语所表示的动作was caught之前，所以要用过去完成时。,2. I had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum. (P48) 考点 过去完成时可以表示在过去的两个动作或事件中，其中一个先于另一个发生。常用于过去完成时的表示时间的词语有when, after, before，as soon as, until, since, by, for和already
14、等。,考例1 They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. havent spoken D. havent been speaking,点拨 句意：那天他们又成了朋友。在那之前，他们有近两年时间没说过话。句中became friends是关键信息词，“两年没说话”发生在“又成为朋友”之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，因此要用过去完成时。,考例2 He _ more than 5,000 English
15、words when he entered the university at the age of 15. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned 点拨 句意：当他15岁那年上大学时已经学了5000多个英语单词。句中entered是关键信息词。既然“上大学”已经是过去的事情，而“学会5000单词”应是在他“上大学”之前的事，所以要用过去完成时。,Practice,1. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A.
16、 left; had arrived B. left; arrived C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived,2. We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned,3. When Mark opened the door, he saw a woman standing there. He _ her before. A. never saw B. had
17、never seen C. never sees D. has never seen,4. I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _? A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finished,5. _my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I
18、was phoning,6. -The window is dirty. - I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,7. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will
19、 have completed,8. The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been,9. More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. Treated B. have treated C. have been treated D. have been treated,10. They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ it as no good results have come out so far. A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working,