1、 第 1 页 共 8 页 定语从句（二） 一、 “介词+关系代词”结构1. 可代替 when, where, why, that 等关系词e.g. There is no reason for which (why) we shouldnt be friends.2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。e.g. Here is the money with which to buy a piano.3. that 前不能有介词。4. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“ 介词+ 关系词”结构可以跟关系副词 when 和 where 互换。e.g. This is the house in whic
2、h I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?二、关系副词的用法：关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on which 代替where 地点 地点状语 This is the
3、house where I was born. 可用 in which代替关系副词 why 原因 原因状语 I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for which 代替（一）基本用法关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where 和 why 分别表示时间，地点和原因。1. when在从句中作时间状语。常用 on which, in which, at which, during which 等代替。e.g. April the first is the day when people mak
4、e fun of others.=April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.2. where第 2 页 共 8 页 在从句中作地点状语。常可由 in which, on which, at which, on which 等取代。e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago.=This is the house in which he lived two years ago.3. whywhy 在定语从句中作原因状语。可用 for which 代替。why
5、 不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用 for which 代替。e.g. This is the reason why he went away.=This is the reason for which he went away.（二）关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写这里的关系代词只限于 which 和 whom，例如 I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.=I will never forget the night on which I met you for the first time.
6、 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago. We dont know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.=We dont know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.注意：并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。例如：I am very impressed by the way in which he works. 这里 in which 代表的
7、是 in the way, 在句中作方式状语。只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相应地用 when, where 和 why 代替。（三）如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。试比较下面两组句子： This is the factory that/which produces radios.This is the factory where radios are produced.第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：The factory produces
8、radios. 而第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语故而应选用关系副词：Radios are produced in the factory. Do you remember the days (that) we spent together?Do you remember the days when we worked together?第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spent the days together. 而第二句中关系副词作时间状语：We worked together during the days. 第 3 页 共 8 页 （四）一些需要特殊记忆的关系词的用法1. I
9、 dont like the way in which he look at people.当先行词是 way 时，除了 in which，还可以用 that 来引导定语从句。that 还经常省略。又如：Judging from the way he walked, I believe he was wounded in the leg.2. Finally came the day when he had to leave his hometown.当先行词为 time, moment, day 等，并在从句中作状语时，从句也可以用 that 引导，that也常省略。又如： It was t
10、he first time (that ) we had stayed up so late. The moment (that/when) he sent the mail, John realized what a mistake he had made. She was the only girl I went steady with during the four years (that /when) I was at university.三、关系副词的省略：1. the time, every time, each time, the moment 等后的关系副词可以省略。e.g.
11、 By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousand English words.2. 在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也可以省略。如 the place 等。e.g. This is the place (where) I saw him last time.3. 先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词可以省略。e.g. The reason (why) he came here is quite clear.4. 当先行词是 way 时，关系副词常常省略。e.g.
12、I know the way (that) he learns English.四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法： 1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面没有宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。判断下列句子的对错（） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （） This is the mountain village (which) I vi
13、sited last year.（） Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when 联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。2. 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状 )，也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age?第 4 页 共 8 页 A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the mu
14、seum _ the exhibition was held.A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：例 1 D，例 2 A例 1 变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例 2 变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句 1 中，所缺部分为宾语，而 where, that, on which 都不能起到宾语的作用，只有 the one 既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选 D。 而句 2 中,
15、主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum 词组，可用介词 in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词 on 用的不对，所以选 A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。五、语法知识拓展（一）选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。1. His father died in the year _ he was
16、 born.2. He is unlikely to find the place _ he lived forty years ago.3. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?4. Recently I bought a beautiful vase _ price was quite reasonable.5. The reason _ I came here is to get your help.6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the name of _ I cannot reme
17、mber.7. I will never forget the day _ we first met.8. Is this the factory _ you once worked for?9. Is that the reason _ he gave for his terrible behavior?10. The kind girl _ shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss.（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in these places.Its warm
18、and wet all year round in these places._2. Shall we go shopping this weekend?Ill have finished all my work by then._3. Sandy is not a very popular singer, because of his strange way.第 5 页 共 8 页 He dances in a strange way._4. Is there any reason?They dont agree with each other on anything._5. How can
19、 I forget that birthday?I was caught cheating on that day._（三）单项填空1. Do you know the reason Tom didnt come yesterday?A. which B. why C. who D. that2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when3. Is this the reason she
20、 gave for not finishing her homework yesterday?A. why B. for which C. that D. to which4. After the war, a new school was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. which C. when D. where5. Do you know the reason _ she got so angry yesterday?A. why B. that C. which D. whom6. Do you believe the
21、 reason _ he gave for his being late?A. why B. for which C. which D. it7. He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. when8. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A. which B. / C. of which D. by which9. The old man told u
22、s _ the days _ he was poor were gone.A. that, when B. what, when C. when, that D. something, that10. I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that11. I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying
23、a big string onto one of the trees.A. which B. when C. where D .that12. Lets put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.A. as B. then C. if D. when13. We are living in an age many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when14. Winter is the time of year _ the
24、days are short and nights are long. A. that B. which C. when D. whose 15. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the city?A. which B. whose C. what D. who 16. Can you suggest a time _ we can meet? A. which B. when C. where D. how 17. These days _ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten. A
25、. that B. when C. on which D. at which 第 6 页 共 8 页 18. Nearly all the food _ comes from animals and plants. A. that eat B. is eaten C. we eat D. that eats 19. This is _ I can do for you right now. A. which B. that C. what D. as 20. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit
26、in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where21. On the train I saw a student _ I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 22. Egypt is a country _ is famous for its pyramids.A. where B. which C. in which D. at which 23. China is the country _ he spent the best part of his life.
27、A. where B. which C. in that D. at which 24. Have you got anything _ belongs to me? A. which B. that C. of which D. what 25. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which26. I didnt like the way _ she treated children. A. which B. that C. how D. as 27. He
28、is the only one of the three _ got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 28. The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose29. Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an acci
29、dent. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 30. It was at our college library _ I borrowed the novel. A. which B. in which C. that D. where （四）改错1. Is this the museum the one the exhibition was held?2. Who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.3. That is not the hospital that I stayed
30、last time.4. I am looking forward to the day which I become independent.5. Why do you believe a person once told so many lies?6. Nobody will forget the earthquake happened in Sichuan.7. He is one of the students who is never late.（五）真题回顾第 7 页 共 8 页 1. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to sp
31、end a day with my kids. (2008 山东)A. who B. which C. why D. when2. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008 江西)A. where B. when C. who D. which3. All the neighbors admire the family _ the parents are treating their chil
32、d like a friend. (2008 安徽)A. why B. where C. which D. that4. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (2007 天津 ) A. when B. whose C. which D. where5. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language proper
33、ly. (2007 陕西)A. which B. as C. why D. where6. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. ( 2007 山东)A. that B. there C. which D. where7. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she heeded to decision what to do. (2007 江西)A. that B. what C. which D. where8. The village
34、 has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建)A. when B. which C. that D. where9. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)A. that B. which C. when D. where10. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.
35、（2004 广西）A. where B. which C. when D. that 参考答案（一）选择适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 或 whose，把下列句子补充完整。1. when 2. where 3. when 4.whose 5. why 6. which 7. (when) 8. (that/which) 9. (that) 10. who/that（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in places where its warm and wet all year round.2. Shall we go shop
36、ping this weekend by which time Ill have finished all my work.?3. Sandy is not a very popular singer because of the strange way he dances.4. Is there any reason why they dont agree with each other on anything?5. How can I forget that birthday when I was caught cheating?（三）单项填空1-5 BBCDA 6-10 CABAA 11
37、-15CDDCB 16-20 BACCD 21-25 ABABD 26-30 BCCCC第 8 页 共 8 页 （四）改错1. Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?或者Is this museum the one where the exhibition was held.2. Whoever is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.或者Anyone who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.3. That
38、is not the hospital where/ in which I stayed last time.4. I am looking forward to the day when /on which I become independent.5. Why do you believe a person who/that once told so many lies?6. Nobody will forget the earthquake that/which happened in Sichuan.7. He is one of the students who are never late.（五）真题回顾 1-5 DABDD 6-10 DDDDA