1、1Unit 1 Friendship 教材分析I教学内容分析“友谊”自古就是人们的永恒话题之一，本单元的中心话题就是“友谊” ，该单元几乎所有的内容都是围绕这一中心话题展开的。Warming up 部分通过一个问卷调查的形式，让学生对于日常生活中朋友之间可能发生的真实问题以及如何解决这些问题有所了解。Pre-reading 部分设计了三个问题，一方面引导学生对“友谊”和“朋友”这两个概念进行思索；另一方面让学生知道友谊不仅仅存在于人与人之间，日记之类的东西也可以成为人们的朋友。Reading 节选了安妮日记的一部分，全部内容可分为四大部分：1. 谈论有关朋友的事情；2. 简单介绍安妮的一些情况
2、；3. 为什么安妮把日记当作自己最好的朋友；4. 赏析部分安妮日记 。Comprehending 部分主要是对课文的细节进行了解，共设计了 4 种形式的练习。第一部分是连句的形式；第二部分是回答问题的形式；第三、四部分是展开想象。Learning about Language 分两部分：一是巩固文中的词汇，共设计了四个题型：1. 对单词的英英解释；2. 用第一题以及 Warming up 中的一些单词和短语完成短文；3. 用 Warming up 和 Reading 词的正确形式完成句子；二是学习语法知识直接引语变间接引语，并进行操练。Using Language 集听、说、读、写于一体。通过
3、读两封信、听一段对话、设计调查问卷、写信以及趣味写作，给学生提供了探索认识友谊的空间，如通过现实生活中被朋友误解、没有朋友等各种具体的问题，使学生对于友谊有了更进一步地理解。Summing Up 引导学生对本单元的词汇和语法等方面进行总结。Learning Tip 建议学生养成写日记的习惯。一是锻炼语言运用能力；二是可以在日记中表达自己的感情和思想。 II教学重点和难点1. 教学重点(1) 本单元的生词和短语；(2) 陈述句和疑问句的直接引语和间接引语；(3) 对于个人的观点、态度的一些表达方式。2. 教学难点(1) 学会怎样描述朋友，怎样表达自己对于友谊的观点；(2) 了解朋友不是仅限于人类
4、，朋友的真正含义以及朋友的重要性；(3) 怎样设计调查问卷。III教学计划本单元分七课时：第一课时：Warming up2第二课时：Pre-reading, Reading, Post-reading, Comprehending第三课时：Language points and learning about language第四课时：Grammar第五课时：Using language第六课时：Listening, Talking (Workbook)第七课时：Reading task, Speaking task, Writing task (Workbook)IV教学步骤Period 1
5、Warming upTeaching Goals: 1. To arouse Ss interest in learning about friendship.2. To develop Ss ability to speak out opinions on a certain topic with the help of the given information.Teaching Procedures:Step1. Leading-inPurpose: To activate Ss and arouse them to speak out opinions about friends an
6、d friendship. Show the pictures about SHE and basketball geniuses. Ask the students what they think of friendship. Nobody can go without friends. Since we ourselves are different from each other, we may prefer different kinds of friends.Step2. Warming up Purpose: To lead Ss to the topic of this unit
7、 through a quiz. 1. Pair work: Get Ss to ask each other the questions, and then ask them to present it before the class.(1) What does your best friend look like? (2). Have you made any friends through the Internet?(3) What is/are the most important quality/qualities that a friend needs to have?To ge
8、t Ss to list some of the following words on the blackboard:honest, friendly, open-minded, generous, helpful, patient, good-tempered, trustworthy, careful, full of love, caring, responsible, interesting, brave, easygoing, outgoing, warm-hearted, kind, selfless, tolerant, intelligent 2. Individual wor
9、kGet Ss to open their books, turn to page 1 and do the survey in the textbook.Work out the score on page 8 to see if he or she is a good friend or not.3. DiscussionDo you think a good friend is important? Why or why not?Step3. Language points 1Add vt.增加；添加；补充说vi. 加；加起来；增添1）add up 合计，加起来3Add up your
10、score and see how many points you can get.将你所得的分说加起来，看看你能得到多少分2） add to 增加His illness added to the familys trouble.他的病给家里增加了负担。3） addto 往加Please dont add the fuel to the flame. 不要火上浇油。4） add up to 总共有，总计达The students here add up to 1000.这里的学生总共有 1000 名。2get sth. done :have sth. done 1）使被做（一般找别人做）Ple
11、ase get the blackboard cleaned.请找人擦黑板。2）遭遇过某种情况（一般指不好的事）He got his left leg hurt yesterday.他的左腿昨天摔断了。3should have done 本应该做某事而实际上没有做You should have study hard last year.你去年应该努力学习。I missed the train. I should have got up earlier.我错过了火车，我应该早点起来。Should not have done 本不应该做某事而实际上却做了You shouldnt have told
12、 her this terrible news, for she has completely lost confidence in herself.你本不应该告诉她这个可怕的消息的，因为 4 calm down 使平静，平静下来The excited movie fans calmed down at last.激动的影迷们最终平静下来。Have a brandy-it will calm you down.喝杯白兰地那会使你平静下来。5 Concern 关系到，涉及This concerns us deeply.这件事和我们关系重大。1） be concerned about (for)
13、关心，挂念we are all concerned for her health.我们都很关心她的健康。Step 4. HomeworkPreview Reading.4Periods 2 Pre-reading, Reading, Post-reading, ComprehendingTeaching Goals: 1. To get Ss to learn the story of Anne.2. To enable Ss to learn from Annes story the importance of friends.3. To instruct them to understan
14、d that not only human beings but also things like diaries can be their friends.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Revision1. Check up the homework2. Revise whats learned in Warming up by asking the following questions(1) Why do you need a good friend?(2) What should a good friend do for you?Step 2. leading
15、-inIt is known to all that friendship is very important and it is sad of a person to have no friend. Suppose you are in a very difficult situation in which it is impossible to make friends with others. How can you express yourself, your sadness or happiness, your loneliness and your horror?Step 3. R
16、eading1. Read the text quickly and answer the question.Whats Annes best friend?2. Show some pictures that show Germans killed the Jews and get Ss to learn about Annes feelings.53. Read the text again and join the correct parts of the sentences (P3).4. Deal with some long and difficult sentences.(1)
17、Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts?你是不是想有一位无话不谈、推心置腹的朋友呢？whom you could tell everything to 是定语从句，修饰 friend。此处的 like 相当于 such as。(2) I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everyth
18、ing to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故而使我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比热爱。I wonder if 是个固定句型，意思是：“我想知道是否 ”. it 是形式主语，指代真正的主语 that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature。(3) I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never
19、have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。 that 引起了一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个句型 there was a time when，when 从句的主语是 a deep blue sky and flowers, 谓语动词是 could never have kept, 宾语是 me, spellbound 是个宾语补足语.There was a time when意思是“曾经有个时期 ”如：There was a time when I was a beautiful girl.曾经我是个漂亮的女
20、孩。There was a time when life was very hard for Madame Curie.曾经有过一个时期，居里夫人的生活非常艰难。 Keep +O + C 其中的补语可以由现在分词、过去分词、形容词等来充当，如：He likes to keep the windows open while sleeping.他喜欢开着窗子睡觉。Sorry to keep you waiting so long.很抱歉让你久等了。The farmers keep us supplied with fresh fruit and vegetables.农民们不断向我们供应新鲜的蔬菜
21、和水果。(4) The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量震慑住了。这是我一年半以来第一次目睹这样的夜晚it be the first, second,time that 是个固定句型，其从句的时态也是固定的，若 be 用一般现在时，则从句用现在完成时;若
22、be 用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。如：Its the first time that Ive been to Beijing.这是我第一到北京来。It was the second time that he had made the same mistake.他这是第二次犯同样的错误。(5)Read the text again and do Ex2 (P3).Step 4. Listen to the tape and read after it, paying attention to the pronunciation and intonation.6Step 5. Further
23、 discussion1. What would you miss most if you had to hide like Anne and her family?2. How would you describe Annes feeling ?Step 6.Homework:1. Read the whole text fluently.2. Pick out and mark the words and phrases you cant understand. Period 3 Language points and learning about languageTeaching Goa
24、ls:1. Get Ss to master some useful words and expressions.2. Get Ss to be able to use some of them.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Revision 1. Ask some students to read the text one by one.2. List the difficult words and expressionsStep 2. Language points1. reason n. 理由；原因（1） 构成句型 The reason whyis thatTh
25、e reason why he was late was that he was caught in a traffic jam.The reason why Tom was absent from school was that he was ill.(2) 构成短语 the reason for sth./to do 和 for the reasonTheres no reason for that.那事没什么理由。Theres no reason to do that.没理由那么做。For some reason, he didnt attend the meeting.由于某一原因，他
26、没有出席那次会议。2go through (1) 经历；经受The country has gone through too many wars.The plan must go through several stages.(2)仔细检查；审查She went through his pockets and in the end found the keys.(3) 经过；穿过Go through the gate and youll get there.2. hide away(1) 躲藏；隐藏Shes hidden my book away somewhere.他把我的书藏在某个地方了。
27、The thief hid away in the forest.那个贼躲藏到森林里去了。(2) 隐匿；保密She tried to hide her feelings away.7她设法掩饰自在的感情。3. in order to 为了；以便He went to the hall early in order to/so as to get a good seat.为了得到一个好的座位，他很早就去了大厅。In order to catch the train, he hurried through his work.为了赶上火车，他匆匆做完了工作。此句中 in order to 不能用 so
28、 as to 替换。4. dare（1）情态动词，常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句和 if/whether 后面,如：-Dare you go out alone at night?你敢晚上独自外出吗？-I dare not go out at night alone.我不敢晚上独自外出。Youll be sorry if you dare go any farther.如果你再敢往前走，你会后悔的。I wonder whether he dare stand up in public.我不知道他是否敢当众挺身而出。（2）实意动词，后常与不定式连用，但在否定句中的不定式符号常省略，如：Young
29、as he is, he dares to try everything.尽管他很年轻，但他敢于尝试任何事情。I dont know how he dares to appear in public.我不知道他怎么敢在公众面前露面。Ive never dared go back to look.我曾来不敢回头看一下。(3) I dare say 我想，我以为I dare say you are British but you still need a passport to prove it.我想你是应该人，不过你还得出示护照证实一下。-I would imagine hes forgotte
30、n. 我想他忘了。- I dare say. 我认为是这样。Step 3. Learning about language1.Get Ss to do the Ex1, Ex2 and Ex3 (P4).2.Check the answers.3. list some important points.(1) suffer 受苦；受害；患病He suffers terribly with his feet.他脚痛的厉害。He made a rash decision-now hes suffering for it.他做了一个轻率的决定现在该自食其果了。 经历；遭受（不愉快的事）We suff
31、ered huge losses in big fire.8在那次大火中我们损失惨重。The driver has suffered pain and defeat.这司机遭受了痛苦和失败。 suffer from 遭受；忍受Do you suffer from headaches?你常头痛吗？Shes suffering from loss of memory.她 患遗忘症。（2）be in control (of sth) 指挥；管理；统治She may be old, but shes still in control (of all that is happening).虽说年纪大了，
32、她却仍在控制着局面。Whos in control if the project?谁掌管这个项目？Enemy forces are in control of the city.敌军控制着城市。Step 4. HomeworkUsing words and expressions (P41).Period 4 GrammarTeaching Goals: 1. Learn what direct speech and indirect speech are.2. Get Ss to learn the transition between direct speech and indirect
33、speech.Teaching Procedures:Step 1. Revision1. Check up the homework 2. Revise whats learned in learning about language by translating the following questions(1) 敌军控制着城市Enemy forces are in control of the city.(2) 她 患遗忘症Shes suffering from loss of memory.Step 2. Leading-inGet Ss to see the following s
34、entences and find the differences between them.Tom said, “I have finished my homework.”Tom said that he had finished his homework.Mary said, “Im going home tomorrow.”Mary said she was going home the next day.In those two group sentences, the first one is the conversation between two people, and the
35、second sentence is just the third person retell the conversation. The first one is direct speech and the second is indirect speech.Step3. PresentationThe definition of direct speech and indirect speech.Try to make clear to the students what direct and indirect speech is.9Direct speech is used to giv
36、e the exact words that someone utters or has uttered in the speech.Indirect speech conveys in the words of a subsequent speaker what has been said or written by the original speaker. Step 4. ExplanationGet Ss to do some exercises and summarize the rules:1. 人称的变化(1) He said, “I like it very much.” 他说
37、：“我非常喜欢它。 ”He said that he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。(2) He said to me, ”Ive left my book in your room.”他说对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。 ”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我把书放在我的房间里了。总结：直接引语变间接引语后，人称要做相应的变化。2. 时态的变化：(1) “ I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.安妮说：“
38、 我不想在日记里记流水帐。 ”Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.安妮说她不想在日记里记流水帐。(2) He said, “Im using the knife.” 他说：“我正在用刀。 ”He said that he was using the knife.他说他正在用刀。(3) She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”她说: “ 我自从五月份起就没有收到他的来信。 ”She said that she had not heard
39、 from him since May.她说她自从五月份起就没有收到他的来信。(4) He said, “I saw her in the street.”他说：“ 我在街上看见过她了。 ”He said that he had seen her in the street.他说他在街上看见过她了。(5) He said, “I have finished my homework before supper.”他说：“ 我在午饭前已经完成了我的家庭作业。 ”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.他说他在午饭前已经完成了我
40、的家庭作业。(6) Zhou lan said, “Ill do it after class.”周兰说：“我会课后完成它。 ”Zhou lan said that she would do it after class.周兰说她会在课后完成它。总结：直接引语与间接引语时态变化对照一览表直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时现在进行时 过去进行时现在完成时 过去完成时10一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时一般将来时 过去将来时3. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化(1) she said: “ I will come this morning.” 她说：“我上午会来。 ”S
41、he said that she would go that morning.她说她上午会来。(2) He said, “ these books are mine.”他说：“这些书是我的。 ”He said that those books were his.他说这些书是他的。(3) He said,“ it is nine oclock now.”他说：“现在 9 点了。 ”He said that it was nine oclock then.他说那会 9 点(4) He said,: “My sister was here three days ago.”他说：“我妹妹三天前在这里。
42、 ”He said that his sister had been there three days before.他说他妹妹三天前曾在这里。(5) He said, “I havent seen her today.”他说：“我今天还没有见过她。 ”He said that he hadnt seen her that day.他说他那天没有见过她。(6) She said, “I went there yesterday.”她说：“我昨天在那里。 ”She said that she had gone there the day before.她说她昨天去过那里。(7) She said
43、, “Ill go there tomorrow.”她说：“我明天会去那里。 ”She said that she would go there the next/following day.她说她明天会去那里(8) He said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”他说：“他们后天到那里。 ”He said that they would arrive in two days time.他说他们两天后到那里。(9) She said, “I came here to seen the doctor the day before yester
44、day.”她说：“ 我前天到这里看医生。 ”She said she had gone there to see the doctor two days before. 她说她两天前到这里看医生。时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化一览表直接引语 间接引语 11now thentoday that daythis week/month/year that week/month/yearlast week/month/year the week/month/year beforetomorrow the next/following day时间状语next week/month/year the ne
45、xt week/month/year地点状语 here There动词 come go注意： 直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound” 如果在当地转述，here 不必改为 there，动词 come 不必改为 go，如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变 .4. 祈使句(1) She said to us, “please sit down.”她对我们
46、说：“请坐。 ”She asked us to sit down.她请我们坐下。(2) he said to him,“go away!”他对他说：“走开！”He ordered him to go away.他命令他走开。(3) Mother said to me, “Come back before 10.妈妈对我说：“十点以前回来。 ”Mother told me to go back before 10。妈妈嘱咐我十点以前回去。(4) he said, “dont make so much noise ,boys.”他说：“孩子们，不要大声吵闹。 ”He told the boys n
47、ot to make so much noise. 他告诉孩子们不要大声吵闹。总结：转述祈使句时，要讲祈使句的动词原形变为不带 to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上 tell,ask,order 等动词，如果祈使句为不定式，并在不定式的前面加 not.5. 疑问句 一般疑问句(1) “ do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.作者问：“你认为日记能成为你的朋友吗？”The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.作者问我们是
48、否为日记能成为我们的朋友(2) She said， “ did you see him last night?” 她问：“你昨天晚上看到他了吗？”She asked me whether I had seen him the night before.12她问我前一天是否看到他了。总结：将一个一般疑问句由直接引语变成间接引语时，首先要用 whether/if 连接阴雨，而且要把原来的疑问句变成陈述句语序的宾语从句； 其次，人称、时态和状语的变化与陈述句直接引语变为间接引语的方法相同。 特殊疑问句(1) “ what do you want?” he asked me.“你想要什么？”他问我。H
49、e asked me what I wanted.他问我想要什么。(2) “ when did you go to bed last night?” father said to Anne.爸爸问安妮：“你昨晚什么时间睡的觉？”Father asked Anne when she went to bed the night before.爸爸问安妮她头天晚上什么时间睡的觉。总结：把一个特殊疑问句由直接引语变成间接引语时，首先要用疑问词连接引语，而且要把原来的疑问句变成陈述句语序的宾语从句；其次，人称、时态和状语部分的变化与陈述句的直接引语变为间接引语的方法相同。Step 5.ConsolidationChange the following direct speech into indirect speech and indirect speech into d