1、强调是有效地进行思想交流的重要手段之一。人们在交际过程中，为了使自己的思想能为听者或读者恰当的理解，必须突出重要的内容，这就需要运用强调的手段。,1. 强调句的定义,2. 强调的构成,在现代英语中，人们可以通过语音手段、词汇手段、语法手段来进行强调。,(1) 语音手段,在口语中，人们可以根据交流的需要，通过语句重音来对不同的词语进行强调。,He speaks English well.,这句话，可以通过语句重音来分别对不同的词进行强调：,A: We need a good student to host the evening party. B: Well, he speaks English
2、 well. A: Hes been living in Canada for years. B: He speaks English well but his writing is not very good.,Example:,A: He speaks fluent French. B: He speaks English well, too. A: Do you think he is fit for the job? B: Certainly. He speaks English well.,(2) 词汇手段,人们常用一些形容词、副词、 否定词等词汇手段来加强语气。,This is a
3、 most interesting TV play.,Grace is tall, but Catherine is still taller.,War and peace is the best novel that l have ever read.,The last thing that a lazy student wishes is examination.,At that very moment the policemen came.,I cant even remember the name of that old friend of mine.,Where in the wor
4、ld did you go just now ?,What on earth are you doing?,Shes not in the least angry with me.,The president himself will chair the meeting.,(3) 语法手段,1. 用It iswasthatwho句型表示强调。,被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在iswas的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。,He met an old friend in the park yesterday.,强调主语,It was he who
5、/that met an old friend in the park yesterday.,强调宾语,It was an old friend that/who he met in the park yesterday.,He met an old friend in the park yesterday.,It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.,强调地点状语,强调时间状语,It was yesterday that he met an old friend in he park.,2. 用助动词do, does或did
6、来强调谓语动词。,Do come early.,He did send you a letter last week.,Were pleased that she does intend to come.,3用主语从句+be+被强调部分，主语从句常用what引导。,John wants a ball.,What John wants is a ball.,Mary gives piano lessons every day.,What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons.,4. 用修辞疑问句，表示强调。,疑问句转用作加强语气的陈述句时，
7、即可称为修辞性疑问句。需要注意的是：肯定的修辞疑问句其意义相当于强调的否定陈述句；而否定的修辞疑问句其意义则相当于强调的肯定陈述句。,What Mary does every day is (to) give piano lessons.,Can anyone doubt the truth of his statement?,谁能怀疑他陈述的真实性？,Surely no one can / would doubt it.),Who doesnt know the sun rises in the east?,Everyone knows,谁不知道太阳从东方升起？,5.还可以通过改变句子结构或
8、颠倒正常语序的手段来进行强调。,Never will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.,Example:,Happy are those who are content.,知足常乐。,Only in this way can we catch up with and surpass the worlds advanced level of science and technology.,1. It iswasthat 强调句型的强调部分必须是对 that / who 之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把“It is (was).that “去掉
9、，该句应该意思完整，不缺任何句子成分。,区分下例两句：,It was 7 oclock when he came back.,It was at 7 oclock that he came back.,他回来时7点钟了 .,他是7点钟回来的。,2. It iswasthat强调句型的被强调部分如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since、as或why引导。,It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.,正是由于水涨了，他们没有渡过河去。,3.注意 “ not . until “
10、强调句型的变化。,Compare the following：,She didnt remember her appointment with the doctor until she had arrived home.,It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.,Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the doctor.,4. It iswasthat强调
11、句型中，that作宾语时可以省略，,It was a new dictionary (that) Father bought for me.,Was it her (that) you were talking about?,5. 如果强调的是特殊疑问句，要用“特殊疑问词+is/was + it + that +”结构, 表示“究竟是谁，到底在哪里”等等。,Who was it that you want to see?,Where was it that you saw the teacher?,Why is it that you want to change your mind?,你究竟
12、为什么要改变主意？,Exercises:,1. It _ Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago .was B. are C. were D. had been,I. Fill in the blanks,2. It was not until 1920 _ regular radio broadcasts began.which B. when C. that D. since,3. She said she would go and she _ go.A. didnt B. did C. really D. would,4
13、. It was the training _ he had as a young man _ made him such a good engineer.A. what; that B. that; what C. that; which D. which; that,5. - Were all three people in the car injured in the accident? - No, _ only the two passengers who got hurt.A. there were B. it were C. there was D. it was,II句型转换 改
14、写下列各句，,1. Bill made a kite at school yesterday.2. John sells potatoes.3. The mother loves her baby dearly.,4. I painted the door white.5. She left her gloves in your room.6. Mr Smith gave a new pen to me.,II. 1. It was Bill who made a kite at school yesterday. 2. What John sells is potatoes. 3. The mother does love her baby dearly. 4. It was white that I painted the door. 5. It was in your room that she left her gloves. 6. It was me that Mr Smith gave a pen to.,