1、the Attributive Clause (定语从句),定语从句：是指在复合句中， 修饰 或 的从句. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 词叫做“ ”. 引导定语从句的词叫“ ”,基础知识,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who，whom，that which，that whose，of which where when why,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.,关系代词的实质,Join
2、the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,the machine,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that /which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw h
3、er yesterday.,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. W
4、e saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Joi
5、n the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.we sa
6、w yesterday is Mary.,that/who/whom,The girl,注意避免重复,一 Warming up,二当先行词为物时只用that的情况,三当先行词为人时只用that的情况,四当先行词为人时，只用who的情况,七介词加which结构,九注意及特例,八非限定性定语从句,五先行词为一些特定的词时,六先行词为地点或时间名词时,十. Exercise,Warming up,Please make sentences with the pictures and the given key words, using the attributive clauses.,a boy h
7、as a scar forehead,Harry Porter is a boy who/that has a scar on his forehead.,Beijing,Beijing is the city where /in which the 2008 Olympic Games will be held.,2008,the city,Oct. 1, 1949 the day found,Oct.1,1949 is the day when/ on which the PRC was founded.,Yining is a city where/in which people are
8、 living happily.,Yining,a city,people live happily,Indonesia /one of the counties /hit/ tsunami,Indonesia is one of the countries that were hit by the tsunami.,tsunami,He is the man who taught us how to be a soldier.,先行词,关系词,To lead the clause,To act as one part of the clause,He is the man who taugh
9、t us how to be a soldier.,Brief Introduction,He is the best man that/who/whom/- I have met.,5. This is the best film that has been made by children.,1. All that is needed is a supply of oil.,what,2. The city is the one that /- I remember.,3.The first book that I chose yesterday is interesting.,4.Thi
10、s is the very/right book that/- I am looking for.,just the book,(人不受限制),All, much, none, everything, anything, something, the one作先行词时,2. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,当先行词被only，any，just，right，very，few，little，no，all修饰时,当先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时,当先行词为物时只用that的情况,6. They are talking about the people and the school that/- t
11、hey paid a visit to.,7. Which is the book that/- you bought?,8. 它不再是以前那只漂亮的小猪了。,It isnt the beautiful pig that it was.,当先行词中有人又有物时,which引导的特殊疑问句，避免重复只用that,当关系代词在从句中作表语时只用that，且不可以省,eg：Who is the man that is talking with Mr. Black?,was.,=used to be.,eg： He isnt the clever boy that he,当关系代词在从句中作表语时只用
12、that, 由who引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复只用that,当先行词为人时只用that的情况,There is a man who is stealing.,eg: 那儿有个偷东西的人。,在there be句型中，先行词为人只用who,eg：He who laughs last laughs best.,.先行词为one，ones，anyone，those，he时，只用who,当先行词为人时，只用who的情况,当先行词被the same修饰时，填that或as,He wears the same hat _I bought last year.,This is the same hat _I
13、 lost last year.,当先行词被such, so修饰时，用as,two hats (两顶帽子比较),only one hat(就是那顶丢失的帽子),eg：Dont read such books as you cant understand.,as,that,先行词为一些特定的词时,you told me?,3. the way作先行词：,你就是以这种方式在会上讲话的吗？,you spoke at the meeting?,Is this the way,in which/that/-,which/that/-,宾语 状语,which/that/-,in which/that/-,
14、4. the reason作先行词：,he gave for his being late.,he came late.,eg：This is the reason,why/for which,which/that/-,宾语 状语,which/that/-,why/for which,5先行词与从句的主语构成从属关系,= of which the door,= the door of which,They live in a house whose door is blue.,eg: 他们住在一间门是兰色的房子里。,= of whom the daughter,= the daughter o
15、f whom,eg: He is the lawyer whose daughter went abroad.,_you stayed during the vacation?,Is this the village _left you a deep impression?,1当先行词为地点名词时，关系词有三种可能,where=prep.+which,which/that/-,which/that,主语,宾语,状语,_you lived in?,_you cant forget?,which/that,which/that/-,where/ in which,which/that/-,(作in
16、的宾语),先行词为地点或时间名词时,Yesterday is the day _you can never forget.,2先行词为时间名词时:,Ill remember the days_ I spent in the town.,_we lived together.,which/that/-,when/in which,eg: 昨天是你念念不忘的一天。,when=prep.+which,which/that/-,宾语 状语,which/that/-,the day_ we lived together.,when/on which,the date _ we lived togethe
17、r.,on which,_ which there are few new words.,_which they are talking.,_ which I learned a lot.,_which I paid 8 yuan.,This is the book _which I spent 8 yuan.,on,for,from,about,in,_whom I worked in the factory.,_whom I can turn for help.,_whom I learnt a lot.,_whom the book was written.,He is the pers
18、on_whom you will write.,China has hundreds of islands, the largest _which is Taiwan.,of,to,by,from,to,with,(turn to sb. for help),介词加which结构,I have lots of friends, and some of _are friendly.,This is the river,_we often have a walk.,_a bridge was built.,_ there is a boat.,by/beside,on which,over/acr
19、oss which,along which,_which there is a factory.,I have lots of friends. Some of _are friendly.,I have lots of friends, some/none of _are friendly.,whom,them,them,他将去北京看望妻子，她在北京工作,（没有逗号翻译成：他将去看望在北京工作的那个妻子）,Non-restrictive attributive clause(非限定性定语从句),特征:用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用，译成两句话,He will go to see his wife
20、, who is in Beijing.,He passed the exam, which makes me happy.,非限定性定语从句,The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.,一注意：,有些固定的短语介词不提前 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。,This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.,The babies (whom / who / that)
21、 the nurse is looking after are very healthy.,（F）,（T）,注意及特例,注意主谓一致The family, which_ going to move, are buying tickets. who _ (love) music, are buyingtickets.,Anyone who _(want) to seethe film should pay for it. Those who_ (want) to seethe film should pay for it.,is,love,wants,want,I who _your frien
22、d, will always back you up.,The manager is one of the people who _going to getprizes. the only one of the people who _ going to,am,are,is,关系代词as在非限制性定语从句中指代整件事，充当从句中的主语或者宾语，翻译为“正如”。,1.As is known to all, you have got 2 prizes in the military training.,2.As is expected, he married Helen.,She has the
23、same book as you have.,s的用法,3.As we all know, he is a famous scientist.,As引导限制性定语从句时，经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。,This is such an interesting book as we all like.,as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，可以使用被动语态，而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首. as译为正如，which 则没有此义。,s和which,1. _ everyone knows, it is necessary to build a
24、hospital in this small town. 2. It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, _ is clear to us. 3. Our department will hold the meeting, _ is known by us.,As,as/ which,as,1. Watch the girl and her dog _are crossing the bridge!,which B. whoC. they D. that,D,Exercise,2. He is the only one of
25、 the three _ got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had,3. As a teacher, I seldom give my students so difficult a problem _ they can not work out.A. that B. if C. in order that D. as,4. _ we know now, bats(蝙蝠) come out at night.A. As B. Which C. That D. What,5. In the school
26、there are one thousand students, and 45% of _ are girls. A. which B. those C. whom D. them,6. The reason _ he didnt do his homework was _ he wasnt told to.A. why; that B. which; becauseC. which; that D. why; because,7.You can hardly imagine the difficulty she had _ enough evidence(证据)to prove the ca
27、se.A. collected B. to collect C. collecting D. to have collected,8. Can you think of a scene _ this word can be used? A. where B. which C. while D. why,9. He is the same teacher _ spoke at the meeting on the opening ceremony. A. as B. whom C. that D. who,10. This is the point _ they met some difficu
28、lty. A. when B. in whichC. at which D. that,11. Was _ at the air battle on June 8, 1994, _ was led by Captain Johnson _ Peter lost his life? A. it; when; that B. that; that; who C. it; which; that D. it; which; when,12. The film brought the hours to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where,13. Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which,Thank you!,