1、高考英语专项语法宾语补足语课件,What is object complement, anyway?,宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语,如: The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Make yourself at home.They wish you to go with them.,宾语补足语是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状 态、特征的成分，多由名词、形容词、副词、 不定式，动名词和分词充当。,宾语补足语用法: 能带宾语补足语的动
2、词一定是及物动词。有以下几类： 1 感觉动词，如：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等，这类词所接的宾语补足语可以是-ing形式，也可以是动词原形。如： He heard a distant voice shouting. I could smell Chinese vegetables cooking. Did you see a car being driven away?,2 含使动意义的动词，如：let, have, get, make, would like, want 这类词所接的宾语补足语多为动词原形或过去分词。如： We have jus
3、t had the house repaired. You must get the car repaired. At my school they dont make us wear school uniform. They let us wear whatever we like. I want the work finished by January 1st.,3 含命名意义的动词，如：call, name, appoint, elect, make, consider等。 这类词所接的宾语补足语一般是名词。如： Call me Joe, please. She was elected
4、the president of the company. 这类结构和双宾语的结构有形似之处，要注意区别。如： They have made me the chairman. (宾补) They have made me a nice chair. (直接宾语),4 结构中的动词，所接的宾语补足一般是不定式。常见的动词很多，如： advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, force, get, help, inspire, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, teach, t
5、ell, train, want, warn, wish等。 They asked me to tell you how much we appreciated your help. Help me move the desk, will you?,5 等几个词的用法非常灵活，后面所接的宾补可以是形容词、副词、词组、 现在分词、过去分词等。如： We found it very difficult to solve the problem. How can you keep them waiting for so long? Suddenly I found my wallet stolen.
6、 Keep the door closed. (See textbook and workbook：P 46, 86, 87),drive sb. crazy / mad / wild get it clean / dirty / wet / open / shut find it difficult / easy hold it open / still keep it cool / fresh / shut leave it clean / dirty / open / shut paint it brown / red prefer it fried,Keep these in hear
7、t,常见的宾补形式,1. 名词做宾补 She found him a very clever boy. They named the child Jimmy. My mother looks so young that we would think her my sister. 【注意】用作宾语补足语的名词表示独一无二的职位、头衔、称谓时，其前不 能用冠词。例如：,John was elected Chairman of the students union. In 1864 Lincoln was made President of the United States for the sec
8、ond time. The queen made him officer of the guard,2. 形容词做宾补 He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting. I found the movie very interesting. We found it important for children to follow the table rules. John wears his hair very long. She has her hands black.,3. 副词做宾补 Last Sunday
9、I saw you out with your sister. Have your shoes on. When you have finished your experiment , please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards . I followed him in .,4.介词短语做宾补 To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. I found everything in good condition. We thought the mate
10、rial of great importance. They acknowledged him as their chief.,5.动词 ing 形式作宾补,在 see , hear , feel , watch , notice 等感观动词后可以用 - ing 形式（即现在分词）做宾语补足语。这时 - ing 形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且 - ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。,He saw a girl getting on the tractor. ( = He saw a girl and the girl was getting on the tractor.
11、) Do you hear someone knocking at the door?,注：动名词作宾语补足语的情况极为少见，略讲。, 现在分词做宾语补足语，如：Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.He tried to start the engine running.The words immediately set us all laughing. 注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。,现在分词做宾语补足语
12、时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：He saw an old man getting on the bus.An old man was getting on the bus.I once heard this song sung in Japanese.This song was once sung in Japanese.I dont want the children taken out in such weather.The children were taken out
13、in such weather. 以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如：We were kept waiting for quite a long time.She was never heard singing that song again.One of the glasses was found broken.,有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，这些动词是：catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell
14、, excuse, spy, send 等，例如：She caught her son smoking a cigarette.Wed better keep the fire burning.I dont mind you joking. I like it.The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time.I dont remember him ever saying anything like that.We must try to stop them getting into trouble.His words started me thi
15、nking seriously.Can you smell something burning?The earthquake sent the china and glass crashing to the ground.,6. 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,She found the door broken in when she came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old
16、house rebuilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。,动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。,1. I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语)2. The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语),(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语,这类动
17、词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。,We thought the game lost 我们认为球赛输了。,I have never heard him spoken ill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉得心里轻松了些。They considered the matter settled他们认为这问题解决了。,(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get,
18、 have, keep, leave, hold等。I have my hair cut once a month我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himself understood他正努力使别人听懂自己。, (请人)把某事做完。She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发?,“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：, 参遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。Sh
19、e had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。, 完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year他今年已存了1000元。,(3) 动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like，want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。He wont like such questions discussed
20、 at the meeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。,The students wish the TV serial plays continued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。,With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks l
21、ike a beautiful garden 周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。,分词作宾语补足语,共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。,区别,1.The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying简析:
22、首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 而且, lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。 2. -Good morning. Can I help you?-Id like to have the package _, madam.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the p
23、ackage 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。,3. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed简析: 该题应选B。测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动名词的逻辑主语。 4.If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face.A. mo
24、ved B. moving C. moves D. to move简析: 该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。,7.动词不定式作宾语补足语,1后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。,动词不定式作宾语补足语,2使役动词let,
25、 have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）,注 意,动词不定式作宾语补足语,The teacher told u
26、s to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。,I like you to keep everything tidy., 非谓语动词作宾语补足语用法小结 英语中有些动词如 have,make,ask,hear,leave,feel,catch.send等，常带有复合宾语，这样意思才相对完整。宾语补足语常用动词不定式、分词来表示，学生对此不易掌握。现就该问题作一小结，以供参考。 一、后面用不定式作宾语补足语的动词 1 .
27、 在allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get, order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish 等动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不能省略不定式符号to。例如： I advise you to listen to our teachers lectures attentively at school . 我建议你在学校里要仔细听老师讲课。 2) The headmaster warned the children to keep off the garden . 校长警告
28、孩子们勿踏花园。,2 . 在 have,make,let等使役动词和see,hear,watch,notice,feel等感官动词后面作宾补的不定式须省略不定符号 to。例如： 3) The teacher doesnt make his students do homework at school . 4) I heard someone knock at the door three times . 注：上面第2类句式变为被动语态时，不定式符号 to 不能省略。如句4)变为被动语态应为： Someone was heard to knock at the door three times
29、. 另外，help 后常用“宾语+(to)do“的形式(美国用法常省去 to)。例如： He helped me (to) look after my child .,二、后面用分词作宾语补足语的动词 1 . 在feel , find , get , have , hear , keep , see , send , watch 等动词后面可用现在分词作宾补。例如： 5) It was so cold that they kept the fire burning all night . 天很冷，他们让火燃了个通宵。 6) I had my car waiting outside . 我让汽车
30、在外面等候。 2 . 在 find , get , have , leave , keep , see 等动词后可用过去分词作宾补。例如： 7) The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself heard . 发言人提高嗓音但还是不能让别人听见他的话。 8) You should have left the door locked . 你该把门锁上。,三、分词、不定式作宾补在意义上的区别 现在分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的执行者；过去分词作宾补，宾语在逻辑上是分词表示的动作的承受者；省略了 to 的不定式作宾补
31、只是表示一个事实，说明动作的全过程；带 to 的不定式作宾补往往表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之后。试比较： I heard a girl singing upstairs . (表示一个主动、进行的动作) 我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。 I heard the song sung . (表示一个被动、完成的动作) 我听见有人唱过这首歌。 I heard a girl sing upstairs . (强调唱歌的事实) 我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。 Ill get someone to repair the recorder for you . (不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后。) 我要
32、叫人帮你修理录音机。,结构：主+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语I found it pleasant to be with your family. We think it out duty that we should help the poor.,8.注意: it 做形式宾语,9.with+宾语+宾补,He likes sleeping with the windows open/closed.,He likes sleeping with the lights on.,With so many people working, the family has a large income.,
33、With Tom to help me, I can finish the task in time.,The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind.,The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.,1) 孩子们堆了个雪人，手都冻红了。The boys made a snowman, _.,with hands red with cold,2) 他光穿着一件衬衣在那里干活。 He was working there _.,with only a shirt on,3)有那位老人带路，他们
34、毫不费力就找到了我的家。_, they had no difficulty in finding my house.,With the old man leading them,5) 那位怀抱婴儿的妇女是汤姆的母亲。 The woman _ is Toms mother.,with a baby in her arms,6) 头上没戴帽子的男孩是我弟弟。The boy _ is my brother.,without a hat on his head,4) 这事一解决我们就回家了。,_, we went home.,With the matter settled,1. 凶手被带进来了，手背绑
35、着。,The murderer was brought in with his hands tied behind.,2. 那小孩独自坐在那儿，双眼紧闭。,The child sat there with his eyes closed.,3. 灯还亮着，屋里一定有人。,With the light on, there must be persons in the room.,4. 一丝不挂的那个人是个傻子。,The man with nothing on is a fool.,1. 就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树.,动词+宾语+宾语补足语（过去分词）,2. 我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音.
36、,3. 我明天去剪头发.,The villagers had many trees planted just then.,We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.,I will have my hair cut tomorrow.,find + 名词 +n. /adj. /doing /done /adv. /to be /介词短语,动词+宾语+宾语补足语,1. Can you find me a book?,2. I find Russian grammar very difficult.,3. If you are fo
37、und playing games at work, you will be dismissed.,4. I found him at home.,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语),1)_ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A. To be; understandB. Im; to understandC. Being; understandingD. Being; understood,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语),2) I
38、 have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _ my radio tomorrow.A. repair; to repairB. repairing; to repairedC. repaired; repairD. to repaired; repairing,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语),3) You must get the work _ before Friday.A. doB. to doC. doingD. done,4) Mrs. Brown was much dis
39、appointedto see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong againA. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语),动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语),5)_ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _.A. Entering; stealingB. Entering; goneC. To hav
40、e entered; being stolenD. Having entered; to be stolen,动词+宾语+宾语补足语(n./adj./doing/done/to be/介词短语),6) We are pleased to see the problem _ so quickly.A. settled B. having been settledC. be settledD. settling,1.I felt _ necessary to speak about our shortcomings. A. Me B. one C. that D. it 2. Do you con
41、sider it any good _ again? A. Tried B. try C. trying D. Tried 3. We all thought it a pity _ you couldnt join us. A. If B. whether C. why D. that,It用法练一练,1. The teacher asked the boys _make so muchnoise. A. dont B. not C. will not D. not to 2. -Theres a hole in your bag.- I know, Im going to have it
42、_.A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended 3. Who do you often have _ the work for you? A. to do B. do C. done D. doin 4. John was last seen _ near the river. A. to be playing B. play C. to play D. playing 5. He managed to make himself_with his_English.A.understand; breaking B. understand; broke
43、nC. understood; breaking D. understood; broken 6. They elected John _ of the committee. A.a chairman B. chairmen C. the chairman D. chairman,7. Dont leave the water _while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 8. We found many old people _ at the back of the house, smoking a
44、nd talking.A. sat B.sit C. seat D.seated 9.Though I cant make the model ship _faster, the model plane can be made _ higher by any of the boys here, A, sail; to fly B, to sail ; fly C, to sail; to fly D, sail ;fly 10. You should keep your room _. A. is clean and tidy. B. are clean and tidy C. cleaned
45、 and tidied D. clean and tidy,12.I once heard this song _ in Japanese. A. is sung B. sang C. sing D. sung 13. They didnt observe her _ in and go upstairs.A. come C. came B. to come D. coming 14.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li _ a patient.A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examined 15. The manager
46、 discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.(NMET2000) A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out Dto carry out 16. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. to be inventingC. to have invented D. having invented,17.They would not allow him _ across
47、 the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 18. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise_. A.going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 19. With a lot of difficult problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A.settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 20. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound _. expose B. exposed C. to expose D. exposing 21. The patient was warned _ oily food after operation. A. to eat not C. not to eat B. eating not D. not eating,