1、Unit 1Great scientists Warming up,高二人教新课标版必修五,Words and expressions,What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.,1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,Archimedes,Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287- 2
2、12 BC), a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.,2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
3、,Charles Darwin,Charles Darwin, Britain (1808 - 1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that
4、 the God made the first two people,(Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwins book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwins idea became very influential and is still accept
5、ed today.,3. Who invented the first steam engine?,Thomas Newcomen,Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it
6、 into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.,4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?,Gregor Mendel,Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822- 1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity(遗传学) and inherited (继承,承传) characteristics. He
7、 concentrated on cross-fertilizing (施肥) pea plants and analyzing the results.,5. Who discovered radium?,Marie Curie,the power of radium,Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867- -1934) In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie ) for physics (1903) and one for c
8、hemistry (1911). She was the first woman to receive a Nobel prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne (巴黎大学).,6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,Thomas Edison,light bulb,phonograph,motion pictures,Thomas Edison, American (1847- 1931) He was already a
9、n inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.,7. Who was the painter that studied dead b
10、odies to improve his painting of people?,the Last Supper,Mona Lisa,Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (1452- 1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.,8. Wh
11、o invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?,Sir Humphry Davy,the Safety Lamp,Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778- 1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous (麻醉) oxide(氧化物) (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic(麻醉剂). In 1815 he developed a safety lamp f
12、or miners. The safty helmet made working underground very much safer.,9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,Zhang Heng,Zhang Heng, Chinese (78- 139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a
13、cylinder with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragons head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragons mouth, making a noise.,10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?,Stephen Hawking,Stephen H
14、awking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.,Homework,Preview the reading passage John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”.,