1、Unit 1Great scientistsUsing language,高二人教新课标版必修五,Listening and speaking,1 What do you know about Qian Xuesen? Before you listen to the tape, look at the picture and the exercises and predict the content of the listening.,Qian is one of the pioneers of Chinas space science. A world- famous expert on
2、aerospace rockets and aerodynamics, Qian has obtained great attainments in the areas of applied mechanics, engineering cybernetics and system engineering and made distinguished contributions to the foundation and development of Chinese aerospace undertaking.,He plays a leading role in the research,
3、manufacture and testing of carrier rockets, guided missiles and satellites. Due to research and development led by Qian, China successfully exploded its first atom bomb in 1964, launched its first man-made satellite in 1970, fired its first transcontinental ballistic missile toward the Pacific in 19
4、80, and launched its first manned spacecraft on Oct. 15, 2003.,2. Listen to Parts 1 and 2 of the tape for the first time an write down the main idea. Then fill the following chart.,be an engineer,his doctors degree,began his institute,3 Now listen to Part 1 again and answer these questions. 1 What d
5、id Qian Xuesen study first?,Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.,2 What experience did he get in America that was useful for China?,In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.,3 What was Qian Xuesens main achieveme
6、nt when he returned to China?,When Qian Xuesen returned to China he set up a space institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.,4. Listen to Part 2 and fill in the chart below.,1. Chinese astronauts in space,2. Chinese satellites in space,1. become rocket scientist,2. be th
7、e first to land on Mars and put Qin Xuesens picture there,Reading and writingCOPERNICUS REVOLUTIONARY THEORY,Copernicus,Brief introduction,We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the
8、 center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it.,Birth: February 19, 1473 Death: May 24, 1543 Place of Birth: Toru, Poland Career: 1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Krakw Academy 1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna,1514 Wrote Commentariolu
9、s, an outline of his astronomical ideas, but did not circulate it widely 1543 Published De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial),1. At Copernicus time, Christian Church was in charge of many western countries. 2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some
10、planets appears in front of or behind the earth. 3. Copernicus didnt show his new theory to his friends until he completed it.,T,F,T,Task 1 True or False,4. His friends were not interested in his ideas. 5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon
11、 as he finished working on it.6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe.,F,F,T,Because the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.,1. Why could he not tell about his theory?,Task 2 Answer these q
12、uestions.,2. What was his theory about?,All his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.,3. What had the astronomers noticed in the sky?,The
13、y had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others.,4. How did he explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars?,He placed a fixed sun at the centre of
14、 the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round it and this explain changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars.,5. Why do people think that there is a direct
15、 link between his ideas and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking?,Because his theory is now the base on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the cent
16、re of the universe. He showed this was obviously wrong.,He published his theory as he lay dying in 1543.,6. When did Copernicus publish his theory?,Students give their own answers.,7. Do you think its right for Copernicus to publish his theory that late?,1 Use the reading passage to help you draw th
17、e two theories of the universe.,The Earth was stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Sun and planets revolved around it.,The Sun is stationary at the center of the solar system, and the Earth and the other planets orbit around it.,If you were Nicolaus Copernicus, would you have hidden
18、 your theory for so many years?,Give reasons,Discussion,As a scientist, one should be brave. But Copernicus was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. So he had hidden his theory for so many years. What do you think of this?,Agree: 1. He was cautious. if he hadpublished his ideas, he woul
19、d havebeen killed just as Bruno who wasburned to death because his theorywas against the Christian Church. 2. Every time when a new idea appears,there are always rejections. Itsnormal. Scientists should havepatience to spread their truth. 3. It made no sense for him to publishhis theory in a hurry.
20、He was justcautious not coward. He shouldprotect himself first.,Disagree: 1. Copernicus was very coward. Heshould speak out his discovery andlet the world know the truth earlier. 2. Science can never advance unlesspeople have the courage of theirbeliefs.,3. As a scientist, you must have the courage
21、to publish your findings. No matter how people oppose them,time will show if your ideas are rightor wrong.,3. Now write a short letter asking Copernicus to publish his ideas so everyone can read them.First, in pairs brainstorm some reasons why he should publish his theory. For example:,He believes h
22、is new theory is true. There are problems with the present theory. He has done many years of observations to prove his new theory is true. Science cant develop unless people publish their ideas.,Second, make a plan. For example: Paragraph 1: Tell Copernicus who you are and why you want him to publis
23、h his ideas. Paragraph 2: The first reason. (eg problems with the present theory),Paragraph 3: The second reason. (eg science cannot develop unless people publish their ideas) Conclusion: Ask him again to reconsider publishing his ideas.,One possible version: Dear Nicolaus Copernicus, I am a student
24、 studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if,if the earth was the certre of the universe. It is
25、 also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory. I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their
26、beliefs.,I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show if your ideas are right or wrong.So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory. Yours sincerely,Zhang Hua,Homework,Surf the Internet and get more information about Copernicus. http: /