1、Grammar,Module 6,在上面的flash中，我们接触了 助动词do的用法，下面 我们就详细讲解一下 do/does的用法。,do/does,构成一般疑问句，例如： Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？ Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？,2. do + not 构成否定句，例如：I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。 He doesnt like to study.他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the impo
2、rtance of English.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。,3. 构成否定祈使句，例如：Dont go there.不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。,4. 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。 I do miss you. 我确实想你。,5. 用于倒装句，例如： Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our c
3、ollege life dowe realize the importance of English.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。 说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。,6. 用作代动词，例如： Do you like Beijing ? Yes, I do. （do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.） He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he?他知道如何开车，对吧？,why dont是反问的用法，why not是建议，不过某些情况在口语中可以简
4、单地说Why not。 Why not go with me? 为何不跟我去?,why,(表示希望对方同意),Why dont you answer the question? 你怎么不回答我的问题？ (这里表示的不是建议而是责问了。) I dont know why you didnt come with me. 我不知道你为什么不跟我走。 另外，在美语里，经常接触到 Why? Go, go, go! 天啊, 快, 快, 快!,注：want表示“想要”，我们该怎么用这个单词呢？ 观察下面的例句，你自己是否能总结出want的用法呢？ I want a bottle of juice. He w
5、ants to go to a movie. I want you to play with me.,want,want+名词 “想要某物” want to do sth. “想要干某事” want sb. to do sth. “想要某人干某事,want用法,by,介词by是英语中比较活跃的一个词。 它词义多，用法广泛。现将其用法 作一归纳与简析：,1. by表示“在旁边”，常常可以等于by the side of。There is an old big tree by (by the side of) the river. 河边有一棵古老的大树。The children are playi
6、ng by the village.孩子们正在村边玩耍。,2. by表“用某种方法”或“用某种手段”。We often go to Guanzhou by bus.我们常常乘公共汽车去官舟。The gloves were made by hand.这些手套是手工做的。My father and I are talking with each other by telephone.我和父亲正在通过电话交谈。,3. by用于被动语态中，引出动作的完成者，意思为“被；由”。The door was broken by Li Lei.门是被李雷弄坏的。The delicious food was ea
7、ten up by a cat.那些可口的食物被一只猫吃光了。,4. by表示“依据，根据”。By my watch, it is 8 oclock now.我的表是八点。,5. by用来表示时间，意思为“到时候”。By the end of last term we had learned fifty poems.到上学期结束时，我们已经学完了五十首诗。The work will have been finished by noon.到中午的时候，工作就会完成了。,6. by表示“经过”，可以指时间，也可以指空间，通常跟动词go, come等连用。My father went by our
8、school without coming to see me.我父亲从我们学校经过，没有来看我。As time goes by, the weather gets warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得更加暖和了。,7. by表示“按”，如时间，长度，重量等。We sell cloth by the yard.我们论码卖布。They rent a house by the year.他们按年租屋。 8. by表示“(倍数)乘，(程度)相差，(标准，尺度)按照，以计算。” This is a room 5m by 4m.这是一个长5米宽4米的房间。,9. by的常见短语： by means o
9、f / by way of / by the way / one by one / step by step / side by side / shoulder by shoulder / by oneself / by birth / by society / takeby surprise / learnby heart / what do you mean by / by my watch 等。,从上面的短语中我们讲解几个常用的： (1) by oneself(=alone)结构，意思为“独自地”。I learned Japanese by myself.我自学日语。 (2) side
10、by side表示“肩并肩，并排着”。The two bottles stood side by side on the table。这两个瓶子并排摆在桌上。,(3) call someone by name表示“叫某人的名字”。He calls all the students by name.他招呼学生们时都叫名字。 (4) by the way表示“顺便说一下，顺便问一下”。By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了?,1. 用在选择疑问句中连结被选择的对象，意为“或者，还是”。Is he a doctor or a te
11、acher?他是医生还是教师？ Did you do your homework or watchTV last night?你昨晚做作业还是看电视了？ Are they singing or reading English?他们是在唱歌还是在读英语？,or,下列两个疑问句中的并列成份由于使用了不同的连词，因而句式有所不同。试比较： A. Does he like milk and bread? 他喜欢牛奶和面包吗？ B. Does he like milk or bread? 他喜欢牛奶还是面包？,分析：A 句中使用了连词and，是一般疑问句，对其作肯定或否定回答应用：Yes, he doe
12、s. /No, he doesnt. B句中使用了并列连词or，因而是选择疑问句，对其回答不用“yes”或“no”，而应根据实际情况直接选择回答： He likes milk. 或 He likes bread.,2. 用于否定句中连结并列成分，表示“和，与”之意。There isnt any air or water on the moon.月球上既没有空气也没有水。 The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk.那婴儿太小，他不会说话，也不会走路。,3. 用于句型“祈使句+or+陈述句” 中，表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设，意为“否则，要不然”
13、。Work hard, or you will fall behind.你要努力学习，否则会落后。Dont jump the queue, or other people will not be pleased.别插队，否则别人会不高兴的。,Get up early tomorrow, or you will miss the early train. 你明天要早点起身，要不然就赶不上早班火车了。 可以把这类句型中的祈使句换为一个条件句（注意改写时应去掉连词or）。 Hurry up, or you will be late for the meeting. If you dont hurry
14、 up, you will be late for the meeting,4. 用于“eitheror”结构中，意为“不是就是”，“要么要么”。连结的并列成份可在句中作主语、表语、谓语、宾语等。（注意：连结并列成份作主语时，谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。）Either she or I am right.不是她对就是我对。,（主语）,The shoes in the shop were either too big or too small for me. 店里的鞋对我来说不是太大就是太小。 He either does his homework or watches TV on Su
15、ndays. 他星期天要么做作业，要么看电视。 We play either football or basketball in the afternoon. 下午我们不是踢足球就是打篮球。,（表语）,（谓语）,（宾语）,表示对情况的假设 (1) If you were an Inuit near the North Pole, you would enjoy the raw meat from seals. (2) If I had enough time, I would certainlygo. (3) If I had listened to the teacher, I wouldh
16、ave finished reading the English book.,if,虚拟(条件)语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可 分为下面四类:,如果条件句中有were, had, should可将if省略，而把were, had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。,if的省略,If it should rain/were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.,实战高考
17、,During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even thewealthy families had to _ bread for days. (2009年 湖北卷)A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with,2. Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves, and solve their problems _ themselves. (2009年 湖
18、南卷)A. to; by B. by; to C. for; to D. in; on,3. Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _ know. I _go and visit her. (2009年 江苏卷)A. didnt; am going to B. dont; would C. dont; will D. didnt; will,4. The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it. (2009年 浙江卷)A. as B. until C. a
19、lthough D. if,5. Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? _ it doesnt rain.(2009年 山东卷) A. Until B. While C. Once D. If,6. Some of you may have finished unit one. _, you can go on to unit two. (2009年 江西卷)A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so,7. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No o
20、ne in the office knew_ she was so angry.(2010年 湖南卷)A. where B. whether C. that D. why,8. I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it. (2010年 辽宁卷)A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done,9. Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.(2010年
21、 江西卷)A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he has began,10. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number.(2010年 江西卷) A. of B. as C. by D. with,11. If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010年 四川卷)A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not de
22、voting,12. Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? _. Ours is much stronger than theirs. (2010年 江苏卷)A. Of course B. It depends C. Dont mention it D. By no means,13. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010 年 陕西
23、卷) A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken,英汉互译,Natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning (修剪) by study. Bacon,天生的才干如同天生的植物一样，需要 靠学习来修剪。培根,2. Never leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today. Franklin,今天的事不要拖到明天。/ 今日事今日毕。 富兰克林,3. Have an aim in life, or your energies will
24、 be wasted. Peters,没有目标的一生注定碌碌无为， 确定一个目标吧。彼得,4. If you dont learn to think when you are young , you may never learn.Edison,如果你年轻时就没有学会思考，那么 就永远学不会思考。爱迪生,5. All is but lip-wisdom that wants experience. Sidney,凡是没有实际经验的，都只是口头智慧。锡得尼,6. 他没有兄弟姐妹。7. 湖边的那座房子是家饭店。8. 如果天气好的话，明天我们去公园。,He hasnt got any brothers or sisters.,The house by the lake is a restaurant.,If weather permit, we will go to the park tomorrow.,9. 为什么不让她想怎么做就怎么做呢？10. 公司去年生意不好。11. 这些植物因缺水而死。,Why not let her do as she likes?,The firm did badly last year.,The plants died from want of water.,Thank you.,