1、Unit 2 Saving the Earth词句精讲精练词汇精讲 1. pollutepollute 为及物动词，意为“污染，弄脏” ；pollution 为 pollute 的名词形式，意为“污染” ，是不可数名词。例如：We should not pollute our rivers with waste. 我们不应让废弃物污染我们的河川。Pollution is a big problem. 污染是个大问题。【拓展】含 pollution 的习惯用语：air pollution 空气污染noise pollution 噪音污染2. althoughalthough 的意思相当于 tho
2、ugh，意为“尽管，虽然” ，用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词 but; and; so 等连用，但可以和 yet; still 等词连用。例如：Although he lives alone, he doesnt feel lonely.= He lives alone, but he doesnt feel lonely. 虽然他一个人住，但他并不感到孤独。There is air all around us, although we cannot see it. 虽然我们看不见空气，但空气却存在于我们的周围。【拓展】although 与 though 的辨析：(1) 用
3、作连词，表示“虽然” ，二者可以互换使用，但 although 比 though 更为正式。例如：Though/Although it was raining, we still went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那里。(2) although 一般不用作副词，而 though 可用作副词，且一般放在句末（不放在句首） ，意为“可是，不过” 。例如：Its hard work; I enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦，可是我很喜欢。We all tried our best. We lost the game, though. 我们都尽力最大努力，但我们还是输了。(
4、3) 在 as though(好像，仿佛)，even though(即使，纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although。例如：He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。3. none(1) none 意为“没有，都不” ，表示全部否定，可指人或物，常与 of 连用，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可，接不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。常回答 how many/much 的问句。例如： How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ None. 一个也没有。N
5、one of us likes her. 我们当中没有一个人喜欢她。【拓展】no one; none 与 nothing 的辨析：词语 意义 用法no one 没有人，泛指，只代人，不代物 回答 who 的提问none （三者或三者以上）没有（人或物） ，常用 of 结构回答 how many/how muchnothing没有什么，指物，表泛指 回答 what 的提问例如：No one/Nobody told you to go. 没有人告诉你走。None of them came back. 他们当中没人回来。I knew nothing about that. 关于那件事我一无所知。4.
6、 hopehope 意为“希望” ，用于表示有可能实现的愿望，其后可接不定式，即：hope to do sth. 意为“希望(自己)做某事” ；若表达“希望别人做某事”时则需用 hope + that 从句，不能用 hope sb. to do sth.的结构。例如：I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。I hope to go to Tibet some day in the future. 我希望将来有一天去西藏。【拓展】hope 与 wish 的辨析：(1) 相同点：表示“想；希望” ，宾语可为 to do，不能用 doing。例如：I hope
7、/wish to visit Guilin. 我希望去桂林观光。 (2) 不同点：wish 后可以跟复合宾语，即 wish sb. to do sth.，而 hope 则不能。例如：I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。I hope you to go. (误) 我希望你去。(3) 两者都可接 that 从句，但是“hope + that 从句”表示希望， “wish + that 从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。I wish I were really wealthy. 但愿我
8、真的富有。(4) wish 后可接双宾语。例如：We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！5. discoverdiscover 是动词，意为“发现” ，其后可接名词、代词、疑问词+不定式及 that 从句等。例如：We never discovered how to open the box. 我们从未弄清楚如何打开这个盒子。【拓展】(1) discover 意为“发现” ，指有意或无意地发现已经存在尚不为人知的事物。例如：China has discovered oil under the South China Sea. 中国在南海发现了石油。(2)
9、find 意为“找到、发现” ，指偶然发现或经过一番寻找，找到值得或所需的东西，强调找的结果。例如：I found the book I was looking for. 我找到了一直在找的书。(3) find out 意为“查明白、弄清楚 ”，多用于经过调查、分析、研究等手段查出的情况，查出的东西往往是抽象的，如时间、事实、真相等。例如：Please find out when the meeting starts. 请查一下会议什么时候开始。(4) invent 意为“发明”指经过研究、设计而创造出原本未有的东西。例如：Cai Lun invented the paper. 蔡伦发明了纸。
10、6. too muchtoo much 意为“许多，大量” ，后接不可数名词，也可作代词短语。例如：I had too much. Im full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。【拓展】too much / too many / much too 的辨析：词语 词形 特点too much 形容词短语 后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语too many 形容词短语 后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语much too 副词短语 后跟形容词或副词例如：Dont eat too much sweet. Its bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。There are to
11、o many books in the room. You can choose any one to read. 房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。Its much too cold outside. You should put on your coat. 外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。7. something usefulsomething useful 意为“有用的事情” ，形容词 useful 作后置定语修饰不定代词 something。形容词修饰不定代词，常放在不定代词之后，即形容词作不定代词的后置定语。例如：There is nothing new in todays n
12、ewspaper. 今天的报纸上没有什么新鲜事。Do you have anything important to tell me? 你有什么重要的事情要告诉我吗？He heard something interesting outside today. 今天他在外边听到了一些有趣的事。【拓展】(1)不定代词作主语时，相当于第三人称单数。例如：Something is wrong. 某东西有问题。(2) 常见的不定代词还有：anything; nothing; somebody; someone; anybody; nobody; no one 等。8. need(1) need 作实义动词，
13、意为“需要” 。常用搭配为 need sth.或 need to do sth. 例如：I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生。He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车。(2) need 当作情态动词时，只能用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。可表示为 need do sth.，否定形式为 need not do sth. 例如：Need I finish my homework now? 我需要现在完成作业吗？He need not go there by car. 他没必要开车去那里。9. with
14、outwithout 是介词，意为“无，没有” ，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing 形式。without 构成的介词短语具有否定含义，在句中相当于构成了否定句。例如：I cant do it without your help. 没有你的帮助，我不能做这件事。He went to school this morning without having breakfast. 他今天早上没吃早饭就去上学了。10. how long(1) how long 意为“多长时间 ”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。例如：How long do you wat
15、ch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？(2) how long 还可用来询问长度。例如：How long is the river? 这条河多长？【拓展】词语 词义 用法 答语特征how long 多久 询问时间多久 for/about+一段时间How often 多久一次 询问动作的频率 often, twice a week 等how soon 多快，过多久 询问时间多快 in+ 一段时间how far 多远 询问距离多远 ten minutes walkhow many 多少 询问可数名词数量 数词+可数名词复数
16、多少 询问不可数名词数量 数词+表示量的词+不可数名词how much多少钱 询问价格 数词+钱11. while(1) while 作连词，意为“当时候” ，引导时间状语从句，并且是主句和从句动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词或表状态，且常用进行时态。例如：He came in while I was watching TV. 当我在看电视时，他进来了。(2) while 作连词，还可意为“而，然而” ，强调动作的对比。例如：I like tea while she likes coffee. 我爱喝茶，而她爱喝咖啡。(3) while 作名词，意为“一会儿，片刻” ，常用于 aft
17、er a while 中，表示“过了一会儿” 。例如：After a while, she came to herself. 过了一会儿，她苏醒过来了。【拓展】while; when 与 as 的辨析：(1) while 强调动作同时进行，从句常用进行时，其动词必须为延续性动词或表状态。例如：Could you look after my dog while Im away? 我离开时，你能照看我的狗吗？(2) when 既可指动作同时进行，也可指先后发生，从句中的动作既可是延续性动词，也可是非延续性动词。若是同时发生且为延续性动词，则可与 while 互换；若 when 作并列连词，表示“就
18、在那时，这时候”则只能用 when，并且 when 引导的从句只能放在后面。试比较：When the alien got out, the girl was shopping. = While the girl was shopping, the alien got out.当外星人出来时，小女孩在购物。We were watching TV when there was a knock at the door. 我们在看电视，这时有人敲门。(3) as 多指主句从句两动作同时发生，常翻译为“一边一边” 。例如：They talked as they walked. 他们边走边谈。12. as
19、 a resultas a result 为固定短语，意为“因此，结果” 。例如：He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. 他今天起晚了，结果没赶上第一班公交车。【拓展】as a result 与 as a result of 的辨析：(1) as a result 意为“因此，结果” ，后面指事情的结果。例如：He worked hard at his study. As a result, he passed the exam easily.他在学习上很刻苦，结果他很容易地通过了考试。(2) as a
20、result of 意为“由于” ，后跟名词或代词，相当于 because of。例如：He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪，他迟到了。词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. too much _ 2. by the way _3. see a doctor _ 4.最好做某事_5. be harmful to _ 6. quite a few _7. need to do sth. _ 8. something useful _9. instead of _ 10. 面临许多困难_II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1.The chemical
21、 factories _ (生产) terrible gas.2. Each year people pour_ (废物) into rivers, lakes and so on.3.There are _ (几个) students reading books over there.4. Loud noises can cause high b_ pressure as well.5. First you must dig a h_ before planting a tree.6. When the sun r_, everything is bright.7. As we know,
22、_ (无一人) of us likes pollution.8. A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only _ (沙子).9. A_ we have built the Great Green Wall, we still need to work hard to protect the environment.10. She has been to Berlin for 3 years and she can speak G_ very well.III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Look, there i
23、s a bird _ (sing) in the tree.2. The bad air makes my chest hurt and its difficult for me _ (breath).3. They are doing their homework carefully. Youd better not _ (disturb) them.4. Litter _ (influence) the look of our city.5. It is known that smoking does great _ (harm) to us.6. These tin bottles we
24、re collected for_ (recycle).7. In some countries such as India, shaking the head means _ (agree).8. In my hometown, we have _ (reuse) some waste things for producing energy again.9. _ (nod) your head if you agree with me.10.The earth is _ (shake), and there must be an earthquake (地震).参考答案I. 英汉互译。1.
25、太多 2. 顺便提一下 3. 看医生 4. had better do sth. 5. 对有害6. 相当多 7. 需要做某事 8. 有用的东西 9. 而不是 10. face many difficultiesII. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. produce 2. waste 3. several 4. blood 5. hole 6. rises7. none 8. sand 9. Although 10. German III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. singing 2. to breathe 3. disturb 4. influences 5. ha
26、rm6. recycling 7. agreement 8. reused 9. Nod 10. shakingIV. 听力链接。答案：1. computer games 2. hotel 3. July 4. 300 5. photo原文：This is a fantastic summer course. Its especially for the kids who would like to spend time on computer games in an air-conditioned room. But you wont be playing computer gamesthi
27、s course teaches you to design them. You will get the chance to learn from two top game designers, Mike Jones and Mel Wilson from the company Star Games. They will teach you how to use different computer programs and create games yourself. Sounds cool, doesnt it? Kids on the course will stay at a ho
28、tel with a gym, a great dining hall and of course, computers. Weve decided to increase the length of the course this year. Last year, it was five days, and this year the course is from July 15th to July 22nd. So its three more days than last year. We only have places for twenty-two people. Please hurry up and book your place on the website ! The cost is only $300! You can pay online.And when you do come for the course, dont forget to bring a photo of yourself and your student card.